變壓器的原理
變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)原理并不復雜(za),它利用(yong)(yong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原理。當(dang)其中一(yi)塊(kuai)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)有(you)一(yi)些不定(ding)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)過,便會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)動的(de)磁場。根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁的(de)互感(gan)原理,這變(bian)(bian)動的(de)磁場會(hui)使(shi)第二塊(kuai)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差。假如第二塊(kuai)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是一(yi)條閉(bi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)一(yi)部份,那(nei)么該(gai)閉(bi)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)便會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力于是得(de)以傳送。在通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中,有(you)關(guan)的(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)組成線(xian)圈(quan),因為線(xian)圈(quan)所產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)磁場要比一(yi)條筆直(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)大得(de)多。當(dang)初級線(xian)圈(quan)中通(tong)(tong)有(you)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi),鐵芯中便產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)交流(liu)磁通(tong)(tong),使(shi)次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)中感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。初級線(xian)圈(quan)、次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)VS,VP和(he)兩者的(de)繞線(xian)的(de)匝數(shu)NS,NP之間有(you)正比的(de)關(guan)系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)(de)(de)這個性(xing)質使它成為轉換電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)重要設備。由于變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)遵守這兩(liang)條定(ding)律(lv),它不(bu)(bu)(bu)會是放大(da)器(qi)。如果處在變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)兩(liang)方的(de)(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)有所不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),那么流(liu)經(jing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)兩(liang)方的(de)(de)(de)電流(liu)也會不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),而兩(liang)者的(de)(de)(de)差距則成反(fan)比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式變(bian)壓(ya)器能直接看(kan)(kan)到鐵芯(xin)和線(xian)圈,大(da)(da)多使用硅橡膠套(tao)管,適用于配電(dian)用,容量(liang)大(da)(da)都在(zai)1600KVA以(yi)下,電(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)10KV以(yi)下,也有個別做到35KV電(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)的。油式變(bian)壓(ya)器只能看(kan)(kan)到變(bian)壓(ya)器的外(wai)殼,大(da)(da)部分使用瓷套(tao)管,可用于高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)路,可以(yi)從小到大(da)(da)做到全部容量(liang),電(dian)壓(ya)等級(ji)也做到了所有電(dian)壓(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變壓(ya)器(qi)的電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級是(shi)固定的,常見的有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等(deng)等(deng)。變壓(ya)器(qi)的容量等(deng)級按(an)照R10優先系(xi)數(shu)來計(ji)算的,可分為小型變壓(ya)器(qi)、中型變壓(ya)器(qi)、大型變壓(ya)器(qi)、特大型變壓(ya)器(qi)這四個等(deng)級。