歷史沿革
普濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)始建(jian)于清乾隆三十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1771年(nian)(nian)),嘉慶十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1806年(nian)(nian))重修,道光十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1854年(nian)(nian))拓建(jian),民國二十(shi)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1937年(nian)(nian)),由(you)普濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)掌寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)(da)喇(la)嘛圣(sheng)露活(huo)佛重修殿宇,大(da)(da)(da)殿覆(fu)(fu)以銅(tong)(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)。普濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)是(shi)麗江五大(da)(da)(da)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)一,原有大(da)(da)(da)殿、僧(seng)院(yuan)等12個(ge)院(yuan)落,現(xian)存(cun)(cun)3院(yuan),由(you)山門、護法堂、大(da)(da)(da)殿、南(nan)北廂房等組成。在(zai)教儀上有融漢、藏宗教為一爐的特(te)點(dian)。大(da)(da)(da)殿重檐歇山頂(ding)(ding)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),以頂(ding)(ding)覆(fu)(fu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)故又名(ming)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)殿。面闊(kuo)5間22.85米,進(jin)深5間20.3米,呈長(chang)方形,屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)覆(fu)(fu)蓋面積為46.4平方米,是(shi)云南(nan)唯一幸存(cun)(cun)的銅(tong)(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。大(da)(da)(da)殿前種有兩(liang)棵(ke)云南(nan)櫻花,至今已有200多年(nian)(nian)的歷史,被譽為"云南(nan)櫻花之(zhi)冠"。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)外也(ye)有很多梨(li)樹,每到春秋(qiu),景色絢麗,游人如織。 麗江五大(da)(da)(da)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)是(shi)指,玉(yu)峰寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、福(fu)國寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、普濟(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、指云寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)、文峰寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。這五個(ge)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)有個(ge)共同的特(te)點(dian),都是(shi)喇(la)嘛寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(白教),其(qi)中,福(fu)國寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)現(xian)在(zai)僅存(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)(da)殿,即玉(yu)泉公(gong)(gong)園的"五鳳樓"。
景區特點
普濟寺位居(ju)名山(shan)(shan)勝地,風景(jing)優(you)美,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)閣宏偉,尤(you)以銅(tong)(tong)瓦殿(dian)(dian)(dian)聞(wen)名遐邇;寺內(nei)(nei)的兩(liang)棵海棠(tang)(櫻花)古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu),被譽為(wei)"云南(nan)櫻花之冠"。其主體建筑為(wei)二(er)進院(yuan)落(luo),座南(nan)朝北,由山(shan)(shan)門(men)、護法(fa)堂、配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)組成。附屬(shu)建筑物有(you)客房、方丈等。第一(yi)進院(yuan)落(luo)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)門(men)及(ji)重檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)護法(fa)堂,東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)邊為(wei)照壁。第二(er)進院(yuan)落(luo),東(dong)、西(xi)為(wei)重檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian),南(nan)面(mian)(mian)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)二(er)重檐(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)(shan)抬梁式建筑,翼角(jiao)飛(fei)檐(yan)(yan),屋(wu)頂(ding)覆以銅(tong)(tong)瓦,金光燦燦,氣勢(shi)恢宏。銅(tong)(tong)瓦覆蓋面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達476平方米,據說共用去上(shang)好黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)5760斤,是云南(nan)省唯一(yi)現存(cun)的銅(tong)(tong)瓦殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前檐(yan)(yan)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),高(gao)懸"靈宇慈云"四字匾額,為(wei)曾任國府主席(xi)的林森(sen)題書。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)臺(tai)基高(gao)4.2米,基礎板石嵌有(you)10塊漢(han)白玉浮雕,雕工精(jing)細,圖案造(zao)型優(you)美。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間置以十(shi)二(er)級(ji)踏跺,周廊作漢(han)白玉石攔桿(gan)。充分(fen)顯示出藏傳佛教寺院(yuan)的華(hua)貴與(yu)莊嚴。東(dong)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)廈摟房,堂屋(wu)可通東(dong)院(yuan),與(yu)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)組成一(yi)幽雅清靜(jing)的四合院(yuan)落(luo)。院(yuan)內(nei)(nei)種(zhong)植有(you)十(shi)里香、胭脂(zhi)梅、雙套梅等古(gu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)名木(mu),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡均在百(bai)年以上(shang),這里背風向陽(yang),適(shi)合各(ge)種(zhong)花木(mu)生長。四合院(yuan)很少雕紋縷刻,也(ye)沒有(you)華(hua)麗的裝飾,但有(you)很多花卉盆景(jing),給人以清爽(shuang)、舒造(zao)、安詳、寧靜(jing)的感覺。
普濟山層(ceng)巒疊嶂(zhang),林(lin)木深(shen)稠,綠(lv)蔭蔽(bi)日(ri)。普濟寺(si)周(zhou)圍果木成林(lin),春來梨(li)花(hua)(hua)泛白(bai),桃(tao)花(hua)(hua)嫣紅,還有(you)(you)粉紅色的(de)蘋(pin)果花(hua)(hua)綻放其(qi)間,蜂飛蝶舞,五彩繽紛。秋來滿(man)山紅葉,桃(tao)、李(li)、梨(li)、杏、蘋(pin)果、核桃(tao)掛(gua)滿(man)枝頭。寺(si)南有(you)(you)一明凈的(de)泉潭,廣數(shu)丈(zhang),清(qing)(qing)瑩可鑒,清(qing)(qing)冽甘甜的(de)泉水從(cong)大山石巖(yan)深(shen)處(chu)汩汩冒涌,夏不(bu)溢(yi),冬不(bu)竭,為(wei)寺(si)中飲用、灌溉的(de)主要水源。
普濟(ji)寺(si)位居名(ming)山(shan)勝(sheng)地(di),風景優美,殿(dian)閣宏偉,尤以銅(tong)瓦(wa)殿(dian)聞(wen)名(ming)遐邇;寺(si)內的(de)兩(liang)棵海棠(櫻(ying)花)古樹,被譽為(wei)”云(yun)(yun)南櫻(ying)花之冠(guan)”。其主(zhu)體建(jian)(jian)筑為(wei)二(er)進院落(luo),座(zuo)南朝北,由山(shan)門、護(hu)法堂、配殿(dian)、大殿(dian)組成(cheng)。附屬建(jian)(jian)筑物(wu)有客房、方丈等。第一進院落(luo)為(wei)山(shan)門及重檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)護(hu)法堂,東西(xi)兩(liang)邊(bian)為(wei)照壁。第二(er)進院落(luo),東、西(xi)為(wei)重檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)頂配殿(dian),南面(mian)(mian)正(zheng)中為(wei)大殿(dian)。大殿(dian)為(wei)二(er)重檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)抬梁式建(jian)(jian)筑,翼(yi)角(jiao)飛(fei)檐(yan)(yan),屋頂覆以銅(tong)瓦(wa),金光燦(can)燦(can),氣(qi)勢(shi)恢(hui)宏。銅(tong)瓦(wa)覆蓋面(mian)(mian)積達476平(ping)方米,據(ju)說共用去上好(hao)黃銅(tong)5760斤,是云(yun)(yun)南省唯一現存的(de)銅(tong)瓦(wa)殿(dian)。大殿(dian)前檐(yan)(yan)正(zheng)中,高(gao)懸“靈宇慈云(yun)(yun)”四字匾額,為(wei)曾任國府(fu)主(zhu)席(xi)的(de)林森題書。大殿(dian)臺基(ji)高(gao)4.2米,基(ji)礎板石(shi)嵌有10塊漢白玉浮雕,雕工精細(xi),圖案造型(xing)優美。中間置以十二(er)級(ji)踏跺,周廊作漢白玉石(shi)攔桿。充(chong)分顯示出藏傳佛(fo)教寺(si)院的(de)華貴與莊(zhuang)嚴。
東配殿(dian)(dian)為兩面廈摟房,堂屋可通東院,與配殿(dian)(dian)組成一幽雅清靜的四合(he)院落(luo)。院內(nei)種植(zhi)有十(shi)里(li)香、胭脂梅、雙套梅等古樹名木,樹齡均在(zai)百年以上,這里(li)背風向陽,適合(he)各種花木生長(chang)。四合(he)院很(hen)少(shao)雕紋縷(lv)刻,也沒有華麗的裝飾,但有很(hen)多花卉盆景(jing),給(gei)人以清爽(shuang)、舒造、安(an)詳、寧靜的感覺。
銅(tong)(tong)瓦殿是(shi)普(pu)濟寺(si)(si)的(de)標志性建筑,海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)是(shi)普(pu)濟寺(si)(si)的(de)名(ming)花(hua)(hua)(hua)。普(pu)濟海(hai)(hai)棠(tang),又名(ming)西府海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)、重辮冬(dong)櫻花(hua)(hua)(hua)。寺(si)(si)內(nei)有兩棵海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)古(gu)樹(shu),在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)瓦殿天井東西兩側,為清乾隆年(nian)間建寺(si)(si)時種植(zhi),至(zhi)今已有240多年(nian)。樹(shu)高7米(mi)(mi),胸徑分別為70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)和(he)54厘(li)米(mi)(mi),主干蒼(cang)勁,枝千橫逸,如(ru)(ru)(ru)傘(san)如(ru)(ru)(ru)蓋,覆蔭滿(man)院(yuan)。每年(nian)春末夏初,海(hai)(hai)棠(tang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盛(sheng)開,如(ru)(ru)(ru)火如(ru)(ru)(ru)霞(xia),凌空綻放,與滿(man)山(shan)(shan)遍(bian)野的(de)梨花(hua)(hua)(hua)、蘋果花(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)各種山(shan)(shan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)相輝映,寺(si)(si)里(li)寺(si)(si)外頓成一(yi)片(pian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)世界。加之普(pu)濟寺(si)(si)離(li)城較近,交(jiao)通(tong)方便,來(lai)這里(li)賞花(hua)(hua)(hua)游春的(de)人紛至(zhi)沓來(lai),絡繹不絕。真(zhen)是(shi)“花(hua)(hua)(hua)如(ru)(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai),人如(ru)(ru)(ru)潮”,偌(ruo)大一(yi)座寺(si)(si)院(yuan)似乎變得(de)狹(xia)窄起來(lai)。好在(zai)這里(li)處(chu)處(chu)青山(shan)(shan),有青翠(cui)的(de)山(shan)(shan)坡,綠絨絨的(de)草地(di),任(ren)游人在(zai)大自(zi)然的(de)懷抱中盡情享受(shou)生活(huo)的(de)樂趣。
普濟寺也和(he)麗江的眾多寺院一樣,既是(shi)人們燒香(xiang)拜(bai)佛的地方(fang),又(you)是(shi)人們休閑娛樂的好去(qu)處,也是(shi)當地文(wen)人靜心讀(du)書的地方(fang)。清代以來,不少納西族(zu)學子曾(ceng)在普濟寺刻苦攻讀(du),也在這里寫下(xia)了許多詩(shi)文(wen)。
普濟寺(si)山門(men)前,有兩(liang)塊刻著蒙、漢(han)兩(liang)種(zhong)文(wen)字的(de)石碑:一塊是“國民政(zheng)府冊文(wen)碑”,鐫記國民政(zheng)府冊封普濟寺(si)圣(sheng)露活佛(fo)“呼(hu)圖(tu)克圖(tu)”、“普善(shan)法師”之冊文(wen);另一塊是“國民政(zheng)府令(ling)碑”,鐫記國民政(zheng)府冊封圣(sheng)露活佛(fo)之令(ling)文(wen)。
普濟寺(si)第四世(shi)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)名(ming)圣(sheng)露,是一個(ge)很有名(ming)氣的傳奇式(shi)人(ren)物。三世(shi)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)坦(tan)青圓寂后,麗江(jiang)喇嘛(ma)派(pai)員(yuan)到紅教發(fa)源地青海(hai)境內尋(xun)找轉(zhuan)世(shi)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo),十五世(shi)四寶法王(wang)(葛瑪巴)通(tong)過復雜的宗教程序,找到了(le)麗江(jiang)縣(xian)一戶和(he)姓門中(zhong)的靈(ling)童(tong),并取法名(ming)為(wei)(wei)圣(sheng)露。由于(yu)圣(sheng)露博學多識,在僧侶及(ji)群眾中(zhong)頗有聲譽。圣(sheng)露時(shi)期,普濟寺(si)香火最(zui)旺(wang),寺(si)院發(fa)展也(ye)最(zui)快,曾發(fa)展為(wei)(wei)擁有大小院落13院的寺(si)院,公院1院,僧寺(si)12院。1989年(nian)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)將普濟寺(si)劃為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級重點文(wen)物保護單位,對(dui)寺(si)院進行了(le)翻修。
交通信息
游客到(dao)(dao)達(da)麗江后(hou)(hou),乘車至(zhi)普(pu)濟村,然后(hou)(hou)沿普(pu)濟山(shan)上(shang)行約(yue)1公(gong)里,穿過林蔭道,即可到(dao)(dao)達(da)普(pu)濟寺。