大狐姓(xing)氏作(zuo)為中國為數不多的稀有(you)姓(xing)氏之一,它的淵源、遷徙(xi)、分布都是有(you)史可循,有(you)據(ju)可查的!
單一淵源(yuan):源(yuan)于姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing),出自(zi)春秋(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)晉(jin)國(guo)大夫狐(hu)(hu)突,屬于以先(xian)祖名(ming)(ming)字為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)(wei)春秋(qiu)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)晉(jin)國(guo)很(hen)早即出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)學者鄧名(ming)(ming)世在《古今姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)書辯證·去·十四泰(tai)》中記(ji)(ji)載:“大狐(hu)(hu),出自(zi)姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)。晉(jin)大夫狐(hu)(hu)突,字伯(bo)行,文公重(zhong)耳外(wai)祖父(fu)也(ye),生(sheng)(sheng)毛及偃,毛生(sheng)(sheng)溱,皆為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)卿(qing),別為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。”姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)學界一般(ban)認(ren)為(wei)(wei),大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)本姓(xing)(xing)姬(ji),因其(qi)先(xian)祖被(bei)分封在狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大戎(rong)(rong)(今山西交城(cheng)一帶),故改姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。在史(shi)籍《左(zuo)傳》中記(ji)(ji)載,后來(lai)晉(jin)獻公姬(ji)佹諸(zhu)(公元前676~前651年在位(wei))“又娶二女于戎(rong)(rong),大戎(rong)(rong)狐(hu)(hu)姬(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)耳,小戎(rong)(rong)子生(sheng)(sheng)夷吾”。漢(han)朝(chao)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)學家司(si)馬遷也(ye)認(ren)為(wei)(wei),“重(zhong)耳母,翟之狐(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)女也(ye)”。不過(guo),當時(shi)也(ye)有其(qi)他(ta)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)是(shi)姬(ji)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de),那(nei)(nei)么狐(hu)(hu)突的(de)(de)(de)祖上是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)姬(ji)還(huan)是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)狐(hu)(hu),是(shi)土著(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)還(huan)是(shi)宗周后裔?如(ru)果是(shi)出自(zi)土著(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu),那(nei)(nei)么到(dao)底是(shi)戎(rong)(rong)還(huan)是(shi)翟?均已(yi)渺茫難考了(le)。山西,為(wei)(wei)上古唐“帝(di)堯初(chu)(chu)都”之地,又是(shi)夏王(wang)朝(chao)統(tong)治時(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)根據地,但(dan)是(shi)到(dao)了(le)商末西周初(chu)(chu),該地區(qu)已(yi)經基本上是(shi)戎(rong)(rong)、翟(狄(di))、氐、羌諸(zhu)民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)出沒(mei)游牧的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)了(le)。
據(ju)史籍(ji)《左(zuo)傳·定(ding)公(gong)四年》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)記載,周成王(wang)姬誦“分唐叔(shu)(叔(shu)虞(yu))以(yi)大(da)路,密須之鼓,闕鞏,沽洗,懷姓九宗(zong),職(zhi)官五(wu)正。命(ming)以(yi)《唐誥(gao)》,而封(feng)(feng)于夏虛,啟以(yi)夏政(zheng),疆(jiang)以(yi)戎索。”這里的(de)(de)“啟以(yi)夏政(zheng),疆(jiang)以(yi)戎索”,實際上(shang)是(shi)(shi)就(jiu)晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi)的(de)(de)根(gen)本治國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)方(fang)略,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)權的(de)(de)建設上(shang),堅(jian)持周王(wang)朝比較先(xian)進的(de)(de)政(zheng)治制(zhi)度,但是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)地域管理方(fang)面又遵循和順應(ying)當地各(ge)(ge)個(ge)游牧民族(zu)的(de)(de)風俗。在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立初期(qi),真正的(de)(de)宗(zong)周貴族(zu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)多的(de)(de),姬叔(shu)虞(yu)當時(shi)只帶去了“懷姓九宗(zong),職(zhi)官五(wu)正”等少量(liang)姬姓族(zu)人以(yi)及(ji)一軍之卒(zu)(凡制(zhi)軍,萬有二千五(wu)百人為一軍),晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)大(da)部(bu)分國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人還是(shi)(shi)當地土著居(ju)民。事(shi)實上(shang),在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)春秋時(shi)期(qi),各(ge)(ge)諸侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“胡”風一直(zhi)是(shi)(shi)很濃厚的(de)(de),從西周初期(qi)受封(feng)(feng)于唐邑,后(hou)改唐為晉(jin),建立晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人與(yu)(yu)周邊的(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)民族(zu)通(tong)商、通(tong)婚的(de)(de)現(xian)象一直(zhi)就(jiu)十分普遍,就(jiu)連國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君也(ye)不(bu)例外,這與(yu)(yu)燕國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)情(qing)況大(da)體相(xiang)同。
大(da)(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi),歷(li)代皆為(wei)晉(jin)國重臣,傳到歷(li)晉(jin)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)姬重耳(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)636~前(qian)(qian)628年(nian)在(zai)位)、晉(jin)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)姬歡(huan)(姬環(huan),公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)627~前(qian)(qian)621年(nian)在(zai)位)、晉(jin)靈公(gong)(gong)姬夷皋(公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)(qian)620~前(qian)(qian)607年(nian)在(zai)位)三朝、史稱晉(jin)國“股肱(gong)”的(de)大(da)(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)射姑以后,因(yin)其(qi)封地(di)(di)在(zai)賈(jia)(今(jin)山西臨汾),其(qi)后裔子(zi)孫大(da)(da)多(duo)省文(wen)簡改為(wei)單姓(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)、賈(jia)氏(shi),大(da)(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)復(fu)姓(xing)就此在(zai)歷(li)史上基本消失了。如今(jin),僅在(zai)浙江省西南部麗水地(di)(di)區還有(you)極其(qi)稀少的(de)復(fu)姓(xing)大(da)(da)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)族人,仍以平陽(yang)(今(jin)山西臨汾)為(wei)郡望。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun):亦稱臨(lin)汾(fen)郡(jun)。歷史上的(de)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)有二(er):①即今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省臨(lin)汾(fen)市。西(xi)(xi)漢初(chu)年(nian)(己亥,公(gong)元(yuan)前202年(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen))。三國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曹(cao)魏(wei)國(guo)(guo)正始八年(nian)(丁卯,公(gong)元(yuan)247年(nian)),將河東郡(jun)分(fen)(fen)出(chu)一部分(fen)(fen)與(yu)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合并(bing)(bing),設置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)亦在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)),其(qi)(qi)時(shi)轄地(di)(di)在(zai)今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)藿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以南的(de)汾(fen)河流域及其(qi)(qi)以西(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區,境(jing)內為(wei)司州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄十縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仍(reng)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun),轄十二(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)永(yong)嘉三年(nian)(己巳,公(gong)元(yuan)309年(nian))初(chu),匈奴(nu)人劉淵自蒲子城(隰(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))遷都平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),稱帝建(jian)漢,境(jing)內屬之。東晉(jin)時(shi)先后屬并(bing)(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)、雍州(zhou)(zhou)和冀州(zhou)(zhou);北魏(wei)時(shi)境(jing)內為(wei)東雍州(zhou)(zhou),轄七郡(jun)二(er)十縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian);北魏(wei)神鹿(lu)元(yuan)年(nian)(戊(wu)辰,公(gong)元(yuan)428年(nian))始筑白馬(ma)城(今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)),因魏(wei)刑白馬(ma)祭(ji)祀(si)天地(di)(di)神靈筑城而名。孝(xiao)昌二(er)年(nian)改(gai)(gai)置(zhi)(zhi)唐州(zhou)(zhou),治(zhi)所(suo)(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)故城(劉村);北魏(wei)建(jian)義元(yuan)年(nian)(戊(wu)申,公(gong)元(yuan)528年(nian))改(gai)(gai)稱晉(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),移治(zhi)自馬(ma)城,與(yu)郡(jun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)同治(zhi),沿(yan)用至今。②即今山(shan)東省鄒(zou)(zou)城市。鄒(zou)(zou)城在(zai)春秋戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)古稱平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),是“鄒(zou)(zou)魯圣地(di)(di)”,為(wei)中國(guo)(guo)儒學發源地(di)(di)。夏王朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)屬九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之域,秦朝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)始設置(zhi)(zhi)“騶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,歷漢、晉(jin)、南北朝,及唐朝初(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)(gai)“騶”為(wei)“鄒(zou)(zou)”,稱“鄒(zou)(zou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,沿(yan)襲(xi)至1992年(nian)10月(yue),撤縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)設市,稱鄒(zou)(zou)城市。大狐氏的(de)郡(jun)望為(wei)①即今山(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨(lin)汾(fen)。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)復姓(xing)是一(yi)(yi)個非常古(gu)老的姓(xing)氏(shi),但(dan)在今(jin)中(zhong)國大(da)陸的姓(xing)氏(shi)排行榜上未列入百(bai)家姓(xing)前一(yi)(yi)千位(wei),在臺灣省則沒有(you)。今(jin)浙江省西南部(bu)的麗水地(di)區,有(you)零(ling)星(xing)大(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)族人(ren)分布(bu),以平陽(yang)為郡望。人(ren)口總數不及一(yi)(yi)百(bai),大(da)概屬于人(ren)口最(zui)稀少的姓(xing)氏(shi)群體(ti)之一(yi)(yi)了(le)。