源于媯姓,出自戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)田單(dan)守邑(yi)(yi),屬于以封邑(yi)(yi)名稱為氏(shi)。據史(shi)籍《晏子春(chun)秋·內篇問》記載(zai):“即墨(mo)氏(shi),據齊將(jiang)(jiang)田單(dan)守即墨(mo),支孫氏(shi)焉。”在史(shi)籍《風俗通義(yi)·佚文》中引《姓解》記載(zai):“即墨(mo)氏(shi),漢(han)(han)有即墨(mo)威為咸陽(yang)令……漢(han)(han)有單(dan)父令即費,其先食(shi)采即墨(mo),因以命(ming)氏(shi)。”在史(shi)籍《漢(han)(han)書·儒林傳》也(ye)記載(zai):“戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)城陽(yang)相即墨(mo)成(cheng),齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)人。”
即墨[即墨,讀音作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源(yuan)于(yu)媯姓,出(chu)自戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)晚期齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大將田(tian)(tian)單守邑,屬于(yu)以封(feng)邑名稱為氏(shi)。據史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《晏子春秋·內篇(pian)問》記載:“即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi),據齊(qi)將田(tian)(tian)單守即墨(mo)(mo),支(zhi)孫(sun)氏(shi)焉。”在史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《風俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引(yin)《姓解》記載:“即墨(mo)(mo)氏(shi),漢有(you)即墨(mo)(mo)威為咸(xian)陽令……漢有(you)單父令即費,其先食采(cai)即墨(mo)(mo),因(yin)以命氏(shi)。”在史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《漢書·儒林傳(chuan)》也記載:“戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)城陽相即墨(mo)(mo)成,齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)。”田(tian)(tian)單,是齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王族田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)家(jia)族的(de)(de)遠房(fang)支(zhi)親,山(shan)東淄博臨淄人(ren)(ren)。齊(qi)湣王田(tian)(tian)地執政(zheng)時(shi)期(公元前323~前283年在位),田(tian)(tian)單出(chu)任(ren)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都城臨淄的(de)(de)市掾(管理商(shang)貿(mao)市場的(de)(de)官員),是一(yi)位資(zi)歷淺、爵位低、名氣微(wei)的(de)(de)小吏。但是,田(tian)(tian)單善于(yu)學習,頗愛兵(bing)法,對戰略戰術有(you)過(guo)精心研究,后率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)駐(zhu)守即墨(mo)(mo)(今山(shan)東青島即墨(mo)(mo))。在燕(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)伐(fa)齊(qi)的(de)(de)戰爭(zheng)中(zhong),以奇計制勝(sheng),大敗燕(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),表(biao)現了一(yi)位軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事家(jia)的(de)(de)非凡才能(neng),被田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)襄王封(feng)為安平(ping)君,是齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)家(jia)的(de)(de)后起之(zhi)秀。戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期,列國(guo)(guo)(guo)爭(zheng)雄,頻繁的(de)(de)掠奪戰爭(zheng),給人(ren)(ren)民(min)造成了無窮(qiong)的(de)(de)災難。
周慎靚王(wang)姬定(ding)三年(nian)(燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬噲(kuai)三年(nian),田齊宣(xuan)王(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)三年(nian),公元前318年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬噲(kuai)將(jiang)王(wang)位(wei)禪讓給(gei)姬子之,實行政治改革。姬子之行王(wang)事三年(nian),與反(fan)對(dui)改革的(de)勢力(li)發生(sheng)矛盾,燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)將(jiang)市被與太子姬平起(qi)兵反(fan)叛,雙方激戰(zhan)數月,死者數萬,燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)亂(luan),市被及太子姬平被姬子之攻殺。這時(shi),齊宣(xuan)王(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)在(zai)孟柯(ke)的(de)勸(quan)說下(xia),乘燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)危機之時(shi)出兵伐(fa)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),僅(jin)五十(shi)天即攻破燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城,燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)姬噲(kuai)和姬子之皆被齊軍(jun)所殺。中山國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也趁(chen)此機會(hui)奪占了燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)片土(tu)地,燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)幾乎亡國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
周赧王姬(ji)延三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(趙武(wu)靈王趙雍十四(si)年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)前312年(nian)(nian)),秦(qin)、魏、韓三(san)(san)國(guo)聯(lian)軍(jun)救燕(yan),擊敗(bai)齊軍(jun)于濮水(shui)之上。第二(er)年(nian)(nian),趙武(wu)靈王派(pai)兵(bing)將(jiang)流亡在韓國(guo)的燕(yan)公(gong)子(zi)姬(ji)職護送回燕(yan)國(guo),立為燕(yan)昭(zhao)王。燕(yan)昭(zhao)王立志報(bao)仇雪恨,卑身(shen)厚幣,高(gao)筑黃金臺,招聚天下(xia)賢士,得(de)樂毅等人(ren)相助,勵(li)精圖治,燕(yan)國(guo)從此強(qiang)大(da)起來。這一段歷(li)史時期(qi),燕(yan)國(guo)北(bei)(bei)破(po)東胡,將(jiang)領土擴大(da)到(dao)遼東地區(qu),設(she)置了(le)上古、漁陽、右北(bei)(bei)平、遼西、遼東五郡,疆域有今滹沱以北(bei)(bei)的河(he)北(bei)(bei)中部、遼寧大(da)部、山西一部,再次成為一方強(qiang)國(guo)。
周(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)十(shi)七年,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)姬職二(er)十(shi)八年,公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)284年),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)以(yi)樂(le)(le)毅為上將軍(jun)(jun)(jun),聯合了(le)秦、楚、趙(zhao)、魏、韓五(wu)(wu)國(guo)(guo)共同伐(fa)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)因(yin)(yin)國(guo)(guo)力不足,已毫無應(ying)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)力量,只得(de)棄(qi)都(dou)南(nan)逃莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏安(an)(an)(an)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)驅直(zhi)(zhi)入,連(lian)(lian)下(xia)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)七十(shi)余(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)擊(ji)(ji)殺(sha)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)。當時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)只剩下(xia)了(le)高大(da)堅(jian)固的(de)(de)(de)莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今山東(dong)日照莒(ju)縣)和(he)即墨(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今山東(dong)平(ping)度(du))這兩座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,使齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)處在(zai)(zai)(zai)危亡的(de)(de)(de)關鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),又東(dong)渡淄(zi)(zi)河進取安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)。安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又名酃城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石槽(cao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位(wei)于(yu)淄(zi)(zi)水(shui)東(dong)岸(an),這時(shi)(shi)(shi),早從臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)退(tui)守(shou)安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)正在(zai)(zai)(zai)積極(ji)籌劃拒(ju)敵方(fang)略。為使戰(zhan)車(che)進退(tui)方(fang)便,避免撞擊(ji)(ji),他(ta)命令宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)部下(xia)疾速斷(duan)去(qu)車(che)軸長(chang)頭,并固上鐵籠(long),當時(shi)(shi)(shi)許多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵都(dou)笑話他(ta)。但當安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失守(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi),許多(duo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)兵將在(zai)(zai)(zai)撤(che)退(tui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)車(che)軸相撞,戰(zhan)車(che)被(bei)毀,紛紛落入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)手做(zuo)了(le)俘虜,唯獨田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)及部下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)然退(tui)居即墨(mo)。車(che)軸的(de)(de)(de)改革和(he)巧勝樂(le)(le)毅的(de)(de)(de)謀略,使田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)中名聲大(da)振,威望(wang)更高。在(zai)(zai)(zai)即墨(mo)大(da)夫戰(zhan)死疆場(chang)后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)便被(bei)宗(zong)族及部下(xia)們推為拒(ju)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)統(tong)帥(shuai)。足智多(duo)謀的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan),并沒有因(yin)(yin)暫時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)失利而(er)(er)氣餒,他(ta)肩負眾托,決心復國(guo)(guo),從而(er)(er)細心分析戰(zhan)爭發展(zhan)變化的(de)(de)(de)形勢,窺(kui)測出(chu)(chu)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)良機。就在(zai)(zai)(zai)這個時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),傳來了(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)病死,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)即位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)消息(xi)。于(yu)是,田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)利用燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)與(yu)樂(le)(le)毅之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)關系有裂隙,派人(ren)(ren)去(qu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)面前(qian)(qian)讒言(yan)挑撥,進一(yi)(yi)步激(ji)化了(le)君(jun)臣(chen)間的(de)(de)(de)矛盾(dun),致使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)猜忌樂(le)(le)毅,很快就改用騎(qi)劫(jie)為統(tong)帥(shuai)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)自毀長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤(che)換了(le)智勇雙全的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)毅,樂(le)(le)毅后(hou)(hou)(hou)來怒而(er)(er)棄(qi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo),奔(ben)赴趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)變更領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將帥(shuai)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)抓住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)將驕傲的(de)(de)(de)弱點,用以(yi)金(jin)(jin)錢賄賂,渙散(san)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)紀,進一(yi)(yi)步使燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)放松戒備。而(er)(er)自己卻積極(ji)作應(ying)戰(zhan)計劃和(he)出(chu)(chu)擊(ji)(ji)準備。他(ta)還(huan)集田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)登城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼目睹(du)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)燒(shao)掠、削鼻屠殺(sha)和(he)掘墳(fen)辱尸的(de)(de)(de)殘無人(ren)(ren)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)暴行(xing),從而(er)(er)激(ji)發了(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵同仇敵愾、收復失地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)士(shi)氣。之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)組織老弱女(nv)子(zi)乘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)示(shi)降燕(yan)(yan)(yan),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)組織甲(jia)卒精兵埋伏于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)四周(zhou),又將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)千余(yu)頭牛(niu)(niu),雙角裝(zhuang)上鋒利的(de)(de)(de)匕首,身著畫有龍紋圖(tu)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)彩(cai)繒(zeng)衣,尾(wei)束灌足脂(zhi)油的(de)(de)(de)蘆葦,后(hou)(hou)(hou)隨精甲(jia)壯士(shi)五(wu)(wu)千余(yu)人(ren)(ren),布下(xia)了(le)火(huo)(huo)牛(niu)(niu)陣。當夜深人(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭鑼鼓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火(huo)(huo)燒(shao)牛(niu)(niu)尾(wei),數千頭火(huo)(huo)牛(niu)(niu)四面奔(ben)出(chu)(chu),直(zhi)(zhi)沖(chong)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營(ying),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將士(shi)則在(zai)(zai)(zai)吶喊聲中隨牛(niu)(niu)沖(chong)殺(sha),頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統(tong)帥(shuai)騎(qi)劫(jie)一(yi)(yi)命鳴(ming)乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝直(zhi)(zhi)追,一(yi)(yi)連(lian)(lian)串地(di)(di)(di)取得(de)了(le)敗(bai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)復齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)全部勝利。之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)返(fan)回營(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今山東(dong)東(dong)營(ying)廣饒(rao)),于(yu)周(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)三十(shi)二(er)年(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法章元年,公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)283年)迎田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)還(huan)都(dou)臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)。“火(huo)(huo)牛(niu)(niu)那可問,風(feng)雨夜燒(shao)青,巌巌七十(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)夜息(xi)金(jin)(jin)刁!”田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)因(yin)(yin)復國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)功,被(bei)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)(xiang)王(wang)封任為相國(guo)(guo)、安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)君(jun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)逝(shi)世(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)安(an)(an)(an)葬于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(今山東(dong)淄(zi)(zi)博臨(lin)淄(zi)(zi)區皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村東(dong)南(nan)部)。
春秋戰(zhan)國時期,齊國以邑(yi)為姓氏(shi)(shi)者有即墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi)、崔(cui)氏(shi)(shi)、盧氏(shi)(shi)、鮑(bao)氏(shi)(shi)、來氏(shi)(shi)、棠氏(shi)(shi)、檀氏(shi)(shi)、晏氏(shi)(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)(shi)等二(er)十三氏(shi)(shi)。即墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)人(ren)大(da)多是田單的庶支子孫,以先祖守即墨(mo)而得姓,后有省文簡化為單姓即氏(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi)者,皆世代相傳。即墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi)以及分衍的即氏(shi)(shi)、墨(mo)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)人(ren),大(da)多尊奉(feng)田單為得姓始(shi)祖。
源于姬姓,出自(zi)東漢(han)初期(qi)著名(ming)大(da)將(jiang)賈復(fu)(fu)之(zhi)子賈宗,屬于以(yi)封邑名(ming)稱為(wei)氏。賈復(fu)(fu),公元?~55年待(dai)考,字君文,南陽冠軍(jun)(jun)人。少好學(xue)(xue),通習《尚(shang)書》。開(kai)始(shi)(shi)事(shi)從舞陰李(li)生,李(li)生奇之(zhi),對自(zi)己(ji)的門人說(shuo):“賈君之(zhi)容(rong)貌(mao)志氣如此,而勤于學(xue)(xue),將(jiang)相之(zhi)器也(ye)。”王(wang)(wang)莽末期(qi),賈復(fu)(fu)為(wei)縣掾,即管理市(shi)(shi)場的小官(guan)。不(bu)久,下(xia)江、新市(shi)(shi)兵起,賈復(fu)(fu)也(ye)聚眾數百人于羽山,自(zi)號(hao)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。漢(han)更始(shi)(shi)帝立,賈復(fu)(fu)率其(qi)部眾歸(gui)漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)劉嘉,官(guan)為(wei)校尉。不(bu)久,賈復(fu)(fu)見漢(han)更始(shi)(shi)帝政權混亂,諸將(jiang)放縱,乃對漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)說(shuo):“臣聞圖堯、舜之(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)能至者(zhe),湯(tang)、武是也(ye);圖湯(tang)、武之(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)能至者(zhe),桓、文是也(ye);圖桓、文之(zhi)事(shi)而不(bu)能至者(zhe),六(liu)國是也(ye);定(ding)六(liu)國之(zhi)規(gui),欲(yu)安守之(zhi)而不(bu)能至者(zhe),亡六(liu)國是也(ye)。今漢(han)室中興(xing),大(da)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)親戚為(wei)籓輔,天下(xia)未定(ding)而安守所保,所保得無不(bu)可保乎?”漢(han)中王(wang)(wang)感嘆道:“卿言大(da),非吾任也(ye)。大(da)司馬劉公在河北(bei),必能相施(shi),第持我書往。”賈復(fu)(fu)遂辭(ci)別漢(han)中王(wang)(wang),受書北(bei)度河。
及(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)起(qi)兵,鄧(deng)(deng)禹向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)(deng)禹亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)將(jiang)(jiang)帥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于是劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)任命賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)破(po)(po)虜將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)督盜(dao)賊。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅速(su)平(ping)定(ding)(ding)了(le)當(dang)地(di)的(de)盜(dao)賊,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)左驂賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)吏部(bu)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)(hou)來而好陵(ling)(ling)折(zhe)等輩,調補其(qi)為(wei)鄗尉(wei)(wei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)馬上制(zhi)止說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督有(you)(you)(you)折(zhe)沖千里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方任以(yi)職,勿得(de)擅除。”后(hou)(hou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)至(zhi)(zhi)信都(dou)(dou)(今(jin)河(he)(he)北冀縣),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)偏將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。不(bu)久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)攻克邯鄲,遷(qian)升(sheng)都(dou)(dou)護將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。在一(yi)次(ci)跟隨劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)擊(ji)(ji)青犢(du)于射(she)犬時(shi)(shi),雙方大(da)戰(zhan)至(zhi)(zhi)中午,敵(di)軍(jun)(jun)首領(ling)陳(chen)堅(jian)堅(jian)守(shou)不(bu)退(tui)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)傳召(zhao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏士皆饑,可(ke)且朝飯。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻回答:“先破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)食耳!”于是被羽先登,所(suo)向(xiang)皆靡,陳(chen)堅(jian)不(bu)敵(di)而潰(kui)敗。諸將(jiang)(jiang)皆佩服賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又(you)在北方與(yu)(yu)五校戰(zhan)于真定(ding)(ding)(今(jin)河(he)(he)北正(zheng)定(ding)(ding)),大(da)破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)受(shou)了(le)重(zhong)傷(shang)(shang)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)得(de)知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重(zhong)傷(shang)(shang)后(hou)(hou)大(da)驚:“我(wo)所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)令賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別(bie)將(jiang)(jiang)者,為(wei)其(qi)輕敵(di)也(ye)(ye)。果然(ran),失(shi)吾(wu)名將(jiang)(jiang)。聞其(qi)婦有(you)(you)(you)孕,生(sheng)(sheng)女邪(xie),我(wo)子(zi)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)男邪(xie),我(wo)女嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)令其(qi)憂妻子(zi)也(ye)(ye)。”誰知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快就傷(shang)(shang)愈(yu),一(yi)好就立即追到(dao)薊縣去見(jian)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒事了(le),“甚(shen)歡(huan),大(da)饗士卒,令復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居(ju)前,擊(ji)(ji)鄴賊,破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)即位(wei)為(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)執金(jin)吾(wu),封(feng)冠軍(jun)(jun)侯(hou)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)度(du)河(he)(he)攻朱鮪于洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang),再與(yu)(yu)白虎公陳(chen)僑鏖(ao)戰(zhan),連破(po)(po)降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)二(er)年(nian)(公元(yuan)26年(nian)),益封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)鄧(deng)(deng)州)、朝陽(yang)(yang)二(er)縣。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)(han)更始帝(di)的(de)屬下(xia)郾(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)尊及(ji)諸大(da)將(jiang)(jiang)在南(nan)(nan)方未降(jiang)者尚多,漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)召(zhao)集(ji)諸將(jiang)(jiang)議兵事。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)大(da)家竇不(bu)說(shuo)話言,沉吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)以(yi)檄叩地(di)曰(yue):“郾(yan)最強,宛為(wei)次(ci),誰當(dang)擊(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率(lv)然(ran)回答:“臣請擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)。”漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)一(yi)見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就笑(xiao)了(le):“執金(jin)吾(wu)擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan),吾(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂!卿謀略過人,今(jin)則其(qi)以(yi)便宜(yi)(yi)從事,勿復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先請。”遂(sui)派遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)(yu)騎都(dou)(dou)尉(wei)(wei)陰識、驍騎將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)植(zhi)南(nan)(nan)度(du)五社津(jin)(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)鞏縣北部(bu))出擊(ji)(ji)郾(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)尊,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)連連破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)個(ge)來月,郾(yan)王(wang)尹(yin)尊歸降(jiang),盡定(ding)(ding)其(qi)地(di)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再引軍(jun)(jun)東(dong)擊(ji)(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)更始帝(di)屬下(xia)的(de)淮陽(yang)(yang)太(tai)守(shou)暴(bao)汜(si),暴(bao)汜(si)也(ye)(ye)歸降(jiang),屬縣悉(xi)定(ding)(ding)。到(dao)了(le)秋(qiu)天(tian),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再次(ci)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)南(nan)(nan)擊(ji)(ji)召(zhao)陵(ling)(ling)(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)漯河(he)(he)召(zhao)陵(ling)(ling))、新(xin)息(xi)(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)息(xi)縣),皆平(ping)定(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)建武(wu)(wu)三年(nian)(公元(yuan)27年(nian))春(chun)季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因功官(guan)遷(qian)左將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun),再領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)出擊(ji)(ji)赤眉(mei)于新(xin)城(今(jin)湖北大(da)悟)、澠池(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)澠池)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連破(po)(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)久與(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)會師于宜(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)洛(luo)陽(yang)(yang)宜(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)),降(jiang)服了(le)所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)赤眉(mei)軍(jun)(jun),完(wan)全穩定(ding)(ding)了(le)東(dong)漢(han)(han)(han)王(wang)朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)征(zheng)戰(zhan),從未又(you)敗績,他數次(ci)解除了(le)諸將(jiang)(jiang)的(de)潰(kui)圍解急,曾身受(shou)十二(er)次(ci)重(zhong)傷(shang)(shang)。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵、敢深入,凡沒把握的(de)遠征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan),皆帶著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而壯其(qi)勇節,常自(zi)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)直沒有(you)(you)(you)什(shen)么單方面的(de)特(te)殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)(hou)來諸將(jiang)(jiang)每論功自(zi)伐,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未嘗有(you)(you)(you)言。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)(wu)帝(di)卻說(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,我(wo)自(zi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東漢(han)建(jian)武十(shi)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)37年(nian)),定封膠東侯(hou)(hou),食郁秩、壯武、下(xia)密、即(ji)(ji)墨、梃(ting)、觀陽,凡六縣。賈(jia)復(fu)深知漢(han)光(guang)武帝(di)(di)一(yi)直(zhi)欲偃(yan)干戈,修文德,不欲功(gong)臣擁眾京師,乃與(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)密侯(hou)(hou)鄧禹并剽(piao)甲(jia)兵,敦(dun)儒(ru)學。漢(han)光(guang)武帝(di)(di)深然(ran)之,遂(sui)罷左右將軍(jun)。賈(jia)復(fu)以(yi)列(lie)侯(hou)(hou)就第,加位(wei)(wei)(wei)特進(jin)。賈(jia)復(fu)為(wei)人剛毅方直(zhi),多(duo)大(da)節。既還私第,闔門(men)養(yang)威重(zhong)。漢(han)光(guang)武帝(di)(di)最信任(ren)的(de)同窗朱祐大(da)力推(tui)薦賈(jia)復(fu)宜為(wei)宰相,漢(han)光(guang)武帝(di)(di)方以(yi)吏(li)(li)事(shi)(shi)責三(san)(san)(san)公(gong),故功(gong)臣并不用。是時(shi),列(lie)侯(hou)(hou)中惟高(gao)密、固始、膠東三(san)(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)卿參議國家大(da)事(shi)(shi),恩遇甚厚。東漢(han)建(jian)武三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)55年(nian)),賈(jia)復(fu)逝世,賜謚“剛侯(hou)(hou)”。到了東漢(han)漢(han)章帝(di)(di)劉炟即(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(公(gong)元(yuan)76~87年(nian)在位(wei)(wei)(wei)),封賈(jia)復(fu)的(de)兒子賈(jia)邯為(wei)膠東侯(hou)(hou),封賈(jia)邯的(de)弟弟賈(jia)宗(zong)為(wei)即(ji)(ji)墨侯(hou)(hou),各領一(yi)縣。即(ji)(ji)墨侯(hou)(hou)賈(jia)宗(zong),字武孺(ru),少(shao)有操行,多(duo)智略。初(chu)拜郎中,稍遷,東漢(han)建(jian)初(chu)五年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)80年(nian))為(wei)朔方太(tai)守。舊內(nei)郡徙(xi)人在邊者,率多(duo)貧(pin)弱,為(wei)居人所(suo)仆役,不得為(wei)吏(li)(li)。賈(jia)宗(zong)擢(zhuo)用其(qi)(qi)任(ren)職者,與(yu)(yu)(yu)邊吏(li)(li)參選,轉相監司,以(yi)揭(jie)發其(qi)(qi)奸,或以(yi)功(gong)次補(bu)長(chang)吏(li)(li),故各愿盡死。匈奴當時(shi)十(shi)分懼怕賈(jia)宗(zong),不敢入塞。后征(zheng)為(wei)長(chang)水校尉(wei)。賈(jia)宗(zong)還精通儒(ru)術,每宴見,常(chang)使(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)少(shao)府丁鴻(hong)等(deng)論議于前(qian)。
東漢(han)章(zhang)和二(er)年(公元88年),賈(jia)宗逝世(shi),東漢(han)朝廷上下都為(wei)(wei)他(ta)的(de)去世(shi)而十(shi)分愍惜。賈(jia)宗的(de)兒子叫賈(jia)參。在賈(jia)參的(de)庶支(zhi)子孫(sun)中,有(you)以先祖爵號“即墨侯”為(wei)(wei)姓氏者,稱即墨氏,后有(you)一(yi)部分人省文簡改(gai)為(wei)(wei)單姓墨氏,一(yi)部分復為(wei)(wei)賈(jia)氏,皆世(shi)代相傳至(zhi)今。
田單、賈復。
即墨氏(shi)(shi)復(fu)姓是非常古(gu)老的姓氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)一,但今已經多(duo)省(sheng)文簡改為單姓即氏(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi),即墨氏(shi)(shi)復(fu)姓反而難見了。
膠東(dong)郡(jun):西漢時(shi)期設置膠東(dong)郡(jun),之后有時(shi)是(shi)國,治所(suo)在即墨(今山東(dong)平度)。
即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian):春秋、戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)屬(shu)(shu)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)設即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian),屬(shu)(shu)齊郡。西漢時(shi)(shi)期(qi),即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian)城同時(shi)(shi)為膠東(dong)王國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城。東(dong)漢及(ji)兩(liang)晉時(shi)(shi)期(qi)屬(shu)(shu)青(qing)(qing)州。隋、唐(tang)、明(ming)、清時(shi)(shi)期(qi)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)萊(lai)州。民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十二年(nian)(癸未,公元1943年(nian))分設即(ji)東(dong)、即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)兩(liang)縣(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(甲申,公元1944年(nian))4月(yue)(yue)即(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)并入(ru)即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十四年(nian)(乙(yi)酉(you),公元1945年(nian))7月(yue)(yue),恢復即(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)。中華人民(min)共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi),屬(shu)(shu)膠州專區(qu)。1956年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)即(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)并入(ru)即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian),改(gai)(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)萊(lai)陽專區(qu)。1958年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)。1961年(nian)3月(yue)(yue),改(gai)(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)煙臺專區(qu)。1978年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)。1989年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)撤縣(xian)設市(shi)。
膠東堂:以望立堂。
即墨堂:以望立堂。
即墨威:(生卒(zu)年(nian)待考),山(shan)東即墨人。著(zhu)名漢(han)朝咸陽令。