第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)是漢(han)族(zu)復姓(xing)之(zhi)一,為(wei)田齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)族(zu)之(zhi)后。秦末天下(xia)紛(fen)爭(zheng),起先被(bei)秦國(guo)所滅的六國(guo),其(qi)王(wang)(wang)族(zu)后裔(yi)們,爭(zheng)先糾集(ji)人馬反秦復國(guo);而在漢(han)高祖劉邦建立漢(han)朝(chao)后,顧(gu)慮到這些(xie)復國(guo)失敗的舊王(wang)(wang)族(zu)勢力,便將(jiang)他們紛(fen)紛(fen)遷(qian)出原籍,另(ling)外擇地安(an)置。其(qi)中將(jiang)田齊(qi)王(wang)(wang)族(zu)從第(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)八分為(wei)八支遷(qian)走,故而后人以(yi)第(di)(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)就為(wei)這里的一支。如今(jin),第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)多分布于陜西涇陽、旬(xun)邑一帶(dai),一些(xie)第(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)現多演化為(wei)第(di)(di)姓(xing)、五(wu)姓(xing)或伍(wu)姓(xing)。
第五氏出名的歷(li)史人物有漢代(dai)大(da)司空第五倫,唐代(dai)宰相第五琦等。
復(fu)姓第五可(ke)以追(zhui)溯(su)到舜帝,其(qi)后有姚(yao)、媯(gui)、陳、胡(hu)、田,皆為(wei)同根同源,史(shi)稱(cheng)“媯(gui)汭五姓”。后舜的(de)后裔不(bu)斷發展,一直到商(shang)朝(chao)后期,舜的(de)后代(dai)閼(e)父歸順于(yu)周文王,任(ren)陶正之官(guan)。后周武王消滅商(shang)紂,建(jian)立(li)周朝(chao),并將長女大姬嫁與閼(e)父之子媯(gui)滿(man)(舜后33代(dai)孫)。后來,武王追(zhui)封(feng)上古圣(sheng)王的(de)后裔,媯(gui)滿(man)氏(shi)因此(ci)被封(feng)為(wei)陳侯(hou),位于(yu)陳地(di),國(guo)都位于(yu)今天河南淮陽縣(xian)。媯(gui)滿(man)史(shi)稱(cheng)陳胡(hu)公(gong),胡(hu)公(gong)滿(man),其(qi)后代(dai)以國(guo)為(wei)姓,從而產(chan)生了陳氏(shi),后代(dai)以胡(hu)公(gong)謚號為(wei)氏(shi),產(chan)生了胡(hu)氏(shi)。
陳(chen)(chen)姓在(zai)春秋中期分出田姓。在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)厲(li)公時(shi),陳(chen)(chen)國發(fa)生(sheng)了爭(zheng)奪(duo)君(jun)位的(de)(de)內亂,陳(chen)(chen)厲(li)公之子陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)逃出齊(qi)國避(bi)難,為(wei)避(bi)禍而(er)改為(wei)田姓,陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)是田姓的(de)(de)始祖。陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)在(zai)齊(qi)國受到(dao)禮遇,任工正。
陳(chen)完的(de)(de)后(hou)代田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)家族(zu)在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐漸(jian)發展,后(hou)掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)481年(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之子田(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)(tian)常子)殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)與(yu)諸多(duo)公(gong)(gong)族(zu),另立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)平(ping)公(gong)(gong),進一步(bu)把持政權(quan),又以(yi)“修公(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)391年(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)成子四(si)世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)386年(nian)(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)放逐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)于海上(shang),自立為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)(nian)為(wei)周(zhou)安王冊(ce)命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到(dao)諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)承(cheng)認,這就是歷史上(shang)著名(ming)的(de)(de)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)379年(nian)(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)仍以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期,為(wei)了增(zeng)強關中的(de)經濟(ji)實力,削弱各地豪(hao)強的(de)殘余(yu)勢力。將齊田(tian)氏分為(wei)八部,分別(bie)遷往西(xi)安一(yi)帶,并要他們改姓(xing)“第(di)(di)一(yi)”“第(di)(di)二(er)”……一(yi)直到(dao)“第(di)(di)八”。
所(suo)以第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五出自田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自漢(han)(han)代遷徙(xi)齊國(guo)公族(zu)所(suo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)考略》載(zai):“齊田氏(shi)(shi)后(hou),漢(han)(han)時(shi)齊諸田徙(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)京兆房(fang)陵(ling),以次第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢(han)(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五倫傳(chuan)》載(zai):“后(hou)或(huo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)(han)高(gao)祖劉(liu)邦建立(li)漢(han)(han)朝后(hou),為(wei)了增強關(guan)中(zhong)的經濟實(shi)力(li),削弱地方(fang)門(men)(men)閥(fa)勢(shi)力(li),將(jiang)豪族(zu)名門(men)(men)共十萬多人(ren)都遷徙(xi)到(dao)關(guan)中(zhong)房(fang)陵(ling)(今陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在(zai)遷徙(xi)原(yuan)齊國(guo)田姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時(shi),因族(zu)大(da)人(ren)眾,以門(men)(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順序(xu)被分為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi),例如田廣的弟(di)弟(di)田英為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi),其孫(sun)田登為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi),元孫(sun)田癸為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五氏(shi)(shi)就是其中(zhong)的一(yi)(yi)支(zhi),也(ye)就產生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五”氏(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)來出了不少名人(ren),得以較普遍流傳(chuan),所(suo)以作(zuo)為(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收到(dao)《續百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)等姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)來都改(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)單(dan)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及(ji)“五”(伍(wu))兩(liang)個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),現在(zai)保留復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的很少。
隴(long)西(xi)郡:秦置隴(long)西(xi)郡,治(zhi)狄道(今甘肅(su)省臨洮(tao)南)。曹魏移(yi)治(zhi)襄武(wu)(今東鄉以東及隴(long)西(xi)南一帶地(di)區)。隋唐為渭州隴(long)西(xi)郡。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡:東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡始建于秦始皇五(wu)年(庚申,公元(yuan)前242年),取原魏國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)地置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,包括河(he)北大名(ming)府、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及(ji)長清縣以西一(yi)帶(dai)地區。西漢(han)時期因之(zhi),治(zhi)所在(zai)濮(pu)陽(yang)縣(今河(he)南(nan)(nan)濮(pu)陽(yang)),其時轄地在(zai)今河(he)南(nan)(nan)省南(nan)(nan)部(bu)仆(pu)陽(yang)縣及(ji)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西部(bu)一(yi)帶(dai)地區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢(han)初其平中嘗治(zhi)武(wu)陽(yang),臧洪為太守,又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)。西晉朝時期廢(fei)黜,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝復置(zhi),在(zai)今河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王朝徙治(zhi)至滑臺(今河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣),隋朝初期廢(fei)黜,后(hou)曾以兗(yan)州為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,此兗(yan)州是由滑州(今河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑縣)改(gai)名(ming)而成,并(bing)非今山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)兗(yan)州。南(nan)(nan)朝宋國(guo)(guo)再置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡,在(zai)河(he)南(nan)(nan)陳州府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望立堂(tang),亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正直(zhi)清(qing)高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典指東漢長陵人第(di)(di)五倫(lun),字(zi)伯魚,耿(geng)直無私(si),以清節著稱(cheng)。建(jian)武(wu)年(nian)間舉孝廉,官會稽太守(shou),章帝時任司空。下聯典指第(di)(di)五倫(lun)的曾孫第(di)(di)五種。
清高(gao)正直;忠厚廉貞。
——佚名(ming)撰第五姓宗(zong)祠通用聯
上聯典指(zhi)東漢·第(di)(di)五種為(wei)官(guan)清(qing)正(zheng)(zheng),名冠州郡(jun),時人(ren)謂:“清(qing)高正(zheng)(zheng)直,以種為(wei)首。”下聯典指(zhi)第(di)(di)五種的曾祖父第(di)(di)五倫為(wei)司空,奉(feng)公盡節,所(suo)得(de)俸祿僅(jin)給衣食,余皆散資貧民。
維揚(yang)邗東(dong)第五氏(shi)宗譜(pu)(pu),著(zhu)者待考,民國年間木(mu)刻活字印本(ben)兩冊。現被收藏(zang)在江蘇省常(chang)州市家譜(pu)(pu)收藏(zang)者朱炳(bing)國處。
陜(shan)西旬邑第五氏(shi)家(jia)譜,著者待考,民(min)國年間手寫本。現被(bei)收藏在陜(shan)西省咸陽市(shi)旬邑縣魏洛村第五氏(shi)宗祠。
第五倫(lun):字伯魚,京兆長(chang)陵人也(ye),東漢大司空(即東漢宰相)。其先(xian)齊諸田,諸田徙園陵者多,故以次第為氏。第五倫(lun)曾為東漢初年光武帝(di)(di)、明帝(di)(di)、章帝(di)(di)三朝元(yuan)老,為官(guan)(guan)清廉無私,盡忠守節,其后輩有五人在朝為官(guan)(guan),與東漢相始終。
第(di)(di)五頡(jie):字(zi)子陵(ling),第(di)(di)五倫少子;京兆(zhao)長陵(ling)人(今陜西咸陽)。著(zhu)名東漢(han)大(da)(da)臣。先(xian)為郡功曹(cao),州(zhou)從事,公府辟(pi)舉高第(di)(di),后為侍御史(shi),南頓令,桂陽、南陽、廬江三郡太守(shou),諫議大(da)(da)夫(fu)。漢(han)順帝(di)之為太子廢(fei)也(ye),第(di)(di)五頡(jie)為太中大(da)(da)夫(fu),與太仆來歷等共守(shou)闕固爭。漢(han)順帝(di)即位(wei),第(di)(di)五頡(jie)擢為將作大(da)(da)匠,卒官。
第(di)五種(zhong):字興(xing)先,歷官高密侯相、兗州刺史(shi)。因彈(dan)劾中常侍單(dan)超及其侄子單(dan)匡,屢(lv)受陷(xian)害。當時人說:“清高正直,以第(di)五種(zhong)為第(di)一。”
第(di)五訪:字仲謀,東(dong)漢中期京(jing)兆長(chang)陵(今(jin)陜西省咸(xian)陽市東(dong)北)人。
第五上:東(dong)漢刺(ci)史,為官冠名州郡,永(yong)壽中以奉(feng)使稱(cheng)職,拜高密(mi)侯相,懲(cheng)治貪惡,剛(gang)直不宥。
第五元(yuan)先(xian):東漢學(xue)者,通京氏(shi)易、公羊春秋、三統歷、九章(zhang)算術,為鄭康(kang)成之(zhi)師。
第(di)五琦:唐代同中書門下平章(zhang)事(shi)(即唐朝(chao)宰相)。曾為扶(fu)風郡(jun)公,京(jing)兆尹,改戶部侍郎,判度支等,能言(yan)強國富民術,不益(yi)賦(fu)而用(yong)以饒。乾元時升任同中書門下平章(zhang)事(shi),終年七(qi)十(shi)歲,贈太子少保、子峰。
第(di)五(wu)可范:唐昭宗的親信宦(huan)官,后來(lai)權(quan)臣朱溫迫使(shi)唐昭宗將(jiang)第(di)五(wu)可范賜死。
第五均:宋朝人,官(guan)至(zhi)宰相,生卒不詳。
中國(guo)復(fu)姓(xing)第五(wu)(wu)主要(yao)聚居(ju)在(zai)陜西(xi)省咸陽市(shi)的(de)魏洛村(cun)和(he)埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun),這兩個村(cun)子除了個別的(de)雜姓(xing)外(wai),基本(ben)都復(fu)姓(xing)第五(wu)(wu)。另外(wai)在(zai)全國(guo)各地的(de)其(qi)它地方也(ye)散(san)居(ju)著(zhu)很多復(fu)姓(xing)第五(wu)(wu)。臺灣有7家(jia)復(fu)姓(xing)第五(wu)(wu),其(qi)祖先(xian)在(zai)今天的(de)魏洛村(cun),主要(yao)居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)臺北(bei)市(shi)內湖(hu)區(qu)。
中國復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚(ju)居最多(duo)的(de)就是在(zai)陜西省旬(xun)邑縣太村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)赤道社(she)區魏洛村(cun)(cun)(cun),全村(cun)(cun)(cun)有4000多(duo)人都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)介紹,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為田齊(qi)王(wang)族之后。祖上(shang)傳說在(zai)漢朝(chao)(chao)就住在(zai)這里。村(cun)(cun)(cun)上(shang)建有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏三朝(chao)(chao)宰(zai)相祠堂(tang)”,即(ji)東漢漢明帝時期大(da)司空:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun),唐朝(chao)(chao)唐肅宗(zong)時期宰(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(chao)(時期不詳)宰(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族家(jia)(jia)譜(pu)”。2007年1月13日,陜西省涇陽(yang)縣埝(nian)口五(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。中國國家(jia)(jia)地理雜(za)志(zhi)的(de)攝影師馬宏(hong)杰(jie)指揮幾十位村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)拍集體照,因(yin)為這些村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)都姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這個(ge)(ge)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)實并不鮮見,古時候從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一”到“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都是姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏,《百(bai)家(jia)(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中的(de)最后8個(ge)(ge)字就是“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言福、百(bai)家(jia)(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)終(zhong)”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都曾存在(zai)過(guo)(guo),不過(guo)(guo)現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最多(duo)的(de)了(le),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主要(yao)分布在(zai)陜西涇陽(yang)和旬(xun)邑。
今江蘇省(sheng)的(de)(de)揚州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西省(sheng)的(de)(de)咸(xian)陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、彬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、西安(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian)(xian)(xian),寧夏回族自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈(ling)武市(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅省(sheng)的(de)(de)慶陽市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、浙江省(sheng)的(de)(de)舟(zhou)山市(shi)(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian)(xian)(xian),安(an)徽省(sheng)的(de)(de)滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi),臺(tai)(tai)灣省(sheng)的(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)湖區(qu)(qu)等地,均有第五氏族人分布,總人口在六(liu)千以上。
其(qi)中:姓第五(wu)(有的寫成第伍)的在甘(gan)肅(su)有178人(ren),姓第的有1587人(ren),合(he)計1765人(ren),主(zhu)要(yao)分布在甘(gan)肅(su)省寧縣(xian)、慶城縣(xian)和合(he)水(shui)縣(xian),蘭州市、嘉峪關市、白(bai)銀(yin)市也有分布。甘(gan)肅(su)寧縣(xian)的第(第五(wu))家族(zu),主(zhu)要(yao)居住在早(zao)勝鎮(zhen)、良(liang)平(ping)鎮(zhen)等地(di),據(ju)考(kao)證,其(qi)祖先是從陜(shan)西(xi)旬邑縣(xian)赤道(dao)鄉魏洛村遷徙而來。
《姓(xing)氏(shi)考略(lve)》:齊田氏(shi)后(hou),漢(han)時齊諸田徙(xi)至京(jing)兆房陵,以(yi)次第(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing),有(you)第(di)(di)一至第(di)(di)八。
《后(hou)漢書·第五倫傳》:后(hou)或改(gai)姓。