昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山位于煙臺市(shi)區東南50公里,方圓(yuan)百里,峰巒綿延,林深谷(gu)幽,古跡薈萃,是(shi)全真道教的(de)發祥地。北魏(wei)史(shi)學家崔鴻(hong)在《十六國春秋(qiu)》里稱昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山為“海上諸(zhu)山之(zhi)祖”,《齊乘》云(yun):昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山“秀拔(ba)為群山之(zhi)冠”。昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山生(sheng)態優越,水(shui)質(zhi)潔凈,環(huan)境幽雅(ya),氣候(hou)宜人,空氣清新,負(fu)氧離子含量極高(gao),是(shi)北方難(nan)得(de)的(de)一處天然氧吧,是(shi)原始(shi)的(de)、純自(zi)然的(de)、無(wu)污染的(de)生(sheng)態旅游區,是(shi)適(shi)宜人類休閑度假的(de)地方。
昆(kun)崳山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)于1992年經原(yuan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)林(lin)業部(bu)批準(zhun),依托昆(kun)崳山(shan)(shan)林(lin)場建立,面(mian)積(ji)7.2萬(wan)余畝,主(zhu)峰(feng)石(shi)門(men)里,為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)半島東(dong)部(bu)較高峰(feng)。公園(yuan)現為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)生態旅(lv)游(you)示范(fan)區(qu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)AAAA級(ji)旅(lv)游(you)景區(qu)、全國(guo)(guo)青少(shao)年科技教育基地與山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省自(zi)駕(jia)游(you)示范(fan)點。
岳(yue)姑(gu)(gu)殿原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)殿,傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)為(wei)(wei)建昌麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)修(xiu)煉(lian)的地(di)方。麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)是東(dong)晉人(ren)葛洪著《神仙傳(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong)的一位女神。書中(zhong)說(shuo):東(dong)漢桓帝時(shi)(shi),應王方平(ping)之(zhi)召,麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)降(jiang)于蔡(cai)(cai)經家(jia)(jia)做客(ke),蔡(cai)(cai)經見她(ta)(ta)非(fei)常美(mei)麗,只有十(shi)八九歲(sui),能擲(zhi)米成珠。她(ta)(ta)自述曾三(san)次(ci)(ci)見過滄海變桑田。她(ta)(ta)說(shuo)此次(ci)(ci)來時(shi)(shi),又(you)見蓬萊之(zhi)水淺于舊時(shi)(shi),又(you)說(shuo)“三(san)月三(san)日為(wei)(wei)王母壽辰(chen),麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)于絳珠河畔,以靈芝釀酒,為(wei)(wei)王母祝壽。”到(dao)了(le)唐代(dai),大書法家(jia)(jia)顏(yan)真卿為(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)記立碑。五代(dai)時(shi)(shi)期昆(kun)崳山中(zhong)有了(le)麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)冢等仙跡,北(bei)宋政和六年(1116),徽宗下詔,賜封(feng)麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)“虛緲真人(ren)”,并立碑。自此麻(ma)姑(gu)(gu)備受當地(di)人(ren)崇拜,并以她(ta)(ta)作為(wei)(wei)長(chang)壽、健美(mei)、聰明、正直、純潔的象征。
煙(yan)霞洞(dong)(dong),位(wei)于(yu)昆崳山西北隅,由一突兀巖石自然(ran)造(zao)化而成。洞(dong)(dong)室呈橢圓(yuan)形(xing),深(shen)7米,高3米,洞(dong)(dong)壁上刻(ke)“煙(yan)霞洞(dong)(dong)”三個大字。洞(dong)(dong)內供奉著(zhu)“七真人(ren)”雕像(xiang)。每當(dang)陰霾天(tian)氣(qi),滴翠浮青,云(yun)海(hai)如浪,煙(yan)霧繚繞,時有霞光或明(ming)或暗(an),宛若(ruo)煙(yan)霞縹(piao)緲,景色(se)奇絕。
無(wu)染寺景(jing)區(qu),在(zai)昆(kun)崳山(shan)南麓沿著一(yi)條(tiao)山(shan)谷溯流而(er)上溪水像(xiang)玉帶般蜿(wan)蜒曲折,峽深谷幽,其溪床(chuang)巖(yan)石連片光潔如玉,兩岸翠(cui)峰(feng)秀嶺森林掩映,鳥語花香宛若世外(wai)桃源。
九(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)池,在一(yi)高約百米懸崖(ya)上呈梯列型排開九(jiu)(jiu)個(ge)大小不等(deng)的天然石池,雨季(ji),風激懸流,一(yi)瀉千里猶(you)如銀(yin)色巨(ju)龍(long)尾擺東北腰部幾(ji)曲向南呈巨(ju)龍(long)上山(shan)之(zhi)勢天生地(di)就,奇險妙(miao)絕。
石門里景區,位于昆(kun)崳山(shan)主峰泰(tai)礴頂山(shan)陰腹地內含三條幽長靜謐之大(da)峽谷,谷內瀑懸溪疊、水流奔騰、古樹(shu)藤繞(rao)、枝(zhi)繁葉茂谷口匯合(he)處(chu)由東西兩山(shan)夾峙高巖巨石,橫出疊(die)擋覆壓(ya)山口,如門掩閉(bi),故(gu)曰“石門”。
石門里:40元
九龍池:40元
無染寺:55元
煙霞洞:30元
岳姑殿:10元
自駕線路:
1、威海至昆崳山
線路(lu)一:煙(yan)威(wei)高速酒館出(chu)口下→上(shang)莊→昆崳山
線路二(er):威(wei)海→文(wen)登(deng)汪疃(tuan)→界石→走李格莊方向可看到昆崳山標志(zhi)。
2、濟南、濰坊、東營至昆(kun)崳山
榮烏高速萊(lai)山出(chu)口(kou)→牟平(通海(hai)路(lu)—東關路(lu)南行12公里處單向(xiang)立交橋東行)→昆崳(yu)山。
3、青島至昆崳山
青威(wei)高(gao)速乳山(shan)出(chu)口下→水道鎮→玉林店鎮北行1公里上立交橋東(dong)行9公里到達。
公交車線路:
1、昆崳山游(you)"1"專(zhuan)線(xian)北線(xian)公交(jiao):
線路單程74.8公(gong)里(li),票(piao)價15元,運(yun)行時間約(yue)90分鐘,設火車站北廣場、月亮灣、黃(huang)海游樂(le)城、煙臺大學東(dong)門、國際(ji)博覽(lan)中心、煙臺職(zhi)業(ye)學院、養(yang)馬島大橋、中醫(yi)藥高專、龍泉、昆崳(yu)山國家森林公(gong)園、九龍池景區(qu)等11個(ge)站點,日發4個(ge)班次。
2、昆崳(yu)山游"1"專線南線公交:
公交(jiao)全程(cheng)77.5公里,設置站(zhan)點8處,單(dan)程(cheng)運行時間95分鐘,由火車站(zhan)北廣場始發,途(tu)徑月(yue)亮灣、黃海游樂城(工商學院)、煙臺大(da)學東(dong)門、國際博覽中心、煙臺職(zhi)業學院(西門)、牟平公交(jiao)公司西站(zhan),終點為(wei)無染(ran)寺景區。
昆崳山國家級森林公園位于華北地臺膠東隆起區膠北古隆起的中部。地層為晚元古代膠東群第二巖組合新生代第四紀沖洪積物。昆崳山屬長白山系,嶗山山脈,海拔500米以上的山峰超過25座,山高坡陡,群峰聳立,溝壑縱橫,氣勢雄偉。主峰泰礴頂,海拔923米,相對高差近900米,構成了山東半島之屋脊,低于400米的山丘有煙霞山、姑余山等,構成昆崳山外圍高丘區和廣闊山域。巖石為寒武利亞紀的舊火山侵入巖,以花崗巖分布較廣,片麻巖、石英斑巖有少量分布。保護區內境內主山脈呈東西走向,形成南北支脈和山谷。縱橫交織的溝谷把昆崳山切割成若干個小地貌類型,為生物多樣性分布提供了優良的自然環境。昆崳山(shan)的土壤(rang)類(lei)型屬于(yu)森林(lin)棕壤(rang)。以(yi)沙質壤(rang)為主(zhu),成土母質主(zhu)要為花崗巖,結(jie)構(gou)疏松,層次不分明,呈(cheng)酸(suan)(suan)性或微酸(suan)(suan)性。
昆崳山(shan)國(guo)家級森林公園氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候屬暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季風型大陸(lu)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,受太平洋暖濕(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流和西伯(bo)利亞干冷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流控(kong)制,四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,季風顯著,雨熱同期,雨量充沛,空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差較小(xiao),光(guang)照充足。年(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)11.9℃,月(yue)(yue)(yue)平均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)高在7月(yue)(yue)(yue),低在1月(yue)(yue)(yue),絕對(dui)(dui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)37.2℃,絕對(dui)(dui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-14.7℃。年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)水(shui)量984.4毫米,主要集中在6~9月(yue)(yue)(yue),占全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)的72.6%,全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)無(wu)霜(shuang)期200天(tian)左右,初(chu)霜(shuang)期10月(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun),終霜(shuang)期4月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun),年(nian)(nian)均相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)71%,年(nian)(nian)均日照時(shi)數2642.7小(xiao)時(shi)。
截至到2011年11月,昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)森林公(gong)園有(you)(you)野生(sheng)高等植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)161科(ke)、536屬(shu)、1073種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(含變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、變型),維(wei)(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)115科(ke)427屬(shu)884種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。維(wei)(wei)管植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)、屬(shu)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)占山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)總(zong)數的(de)62.8%、47.7%、38.1%,野生(sheng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)科(ke)、屬(shu)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)總(zong)數的(de)80.1%、67.6%、56.5%,為山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類較(jiao)豐富的(de)地區(qu)之一。在記錄的(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類中,有(you)(you)國(guo)家Ⅰ、Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)是:銀杏(xing)、胡桃楸(qiu)、中華(hua)結(jie)縷草、野大豆、水曲柳(liu)、黃檗(bo)、紫椴,國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護真(zhen)菌1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—松口蘑,列入《瀕危(wei)野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約(yue)》植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)蘭科(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)8屬(shu),共10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。“山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)稀(xi)有(you)(you)瀕危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)”46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)22重,其中昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)特有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)模式標本8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別(bie)(bie)是:膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)樺、膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)椴、長梗紅果(guo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)胡椒、膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)天、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)剪股(gu)穎(ying)、昆(kun)(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)剪股(gu)穎(ying)、扁果(guo)麻櫟、高殼(ke)槲櫟。
昆崳山國家級森林公園在陸地動物區系中,屬古北界。陸棲野生動物以古北界動物為主,也含有東洋界成分。在中國動物地理區劃中,屬華北區,黃淮亞區的山東丘陵省。動物群落屬于暖溫帶森林—森林草原、農田動物群。在山東省陸棲脊椎動物地理小區區劃中屬于膠東丘陵區。昆崳山(shan)國(guo)家級森林(lin)公園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)記錄國(guo)家Ⅰ級保護野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物9種(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物40種(zhong),山(shan)東省重點保護動物54種(zhong),采集昆蟲模(mo)式標本1種(zhong),列入《瀕危野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動植(zhi)物種(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》35種(zhong)。山(shan)東省惟一的毒蛇——黑眉蝮在區內(nei)(nei)分布較多。
昆(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)森林(lin)公園(yuan)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統孕(yun)育了(le)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)系統。昆(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以近東西向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)“半島屋脊”地(di)(di)貌特點,構成(cheng)了(le)南(nan)北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)。有(you)四條較大河(he)流發(fa)源(yuan)于此,漢河(he)、沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)流向(xiang)(xiang)北(bei),沐渚河(he)、黃壘河(he)流向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan),分別注入黃海。昆(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)森林(lin)公園(yuan)周(zhou)圍地(di)(di)表(biao)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)較大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)有(you)米山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、龍泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、昆(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、東風水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、瓦善(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,是周(zhou)邊(bian)居(ju)民(min)重要的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)。昆(kun)崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)(ji)森林(lin)公園(yuan)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為松散巖孔隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和基巖裂隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),屬(shu)含(han)偏硅酸重碳酸鈣鈉型礦泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。