景點簡介
澄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟樂(le)樓位于澄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)街南側城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟山門處(chu),坐北向南。原名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟神(shen)樓。創建(jian)于唐貞元十三年(nian)(797),明萬歷十年(nian)(1582)整修重(zhong)建(jian),更名樂(le)樓,始(shi)為今貌。石柱石礎(chu)等(deng)部分(fen)構件(jian)仍為唐時(shi)原物。明清以來(lai)屢經(jing)修葺,則(ze)呈(cheng)現出了(le)明代風格。最后一次修繕(shan)為1980年(nian)10月到1981年(nian)10月。
系省級重點文物保護單位。 城隍廟神樓又名樂樓,位于澄城縣西大街西端原城(cheng)隍廟前(qian)。城(cheng)隍廟神樓(lou)又(you)稱樂(le)(le)樓(lou),是因廟前(qian)舊有神樓(lou)兩座(zuo),俗稱鐘(zhong)鼓樓(lou)。鐘(zhong)鼓乃古代(dai)樂(le)(le)器,古時候(hou)每當(dang)初(chu)一、十五或過(guo)廟會時,人(ren)們就要(yao)擊鼓敲鐘(zhong)奏樂(le)(le),祭祀敬神,后(hou)人(ren)取古樂(le)(le)祀神之意,故(gu)名樂(le)(le)樓(lou)。1992年4月陜西省人(ren)民政府批準(zhun)公布(bu)為省級重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位(wei)(wei),2001年6月25日由國務院正式確立公布(bu)為全國重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位(wei)(wei)。
歷史記載
據《澄城縣志》記載,邑城隍廟在西門外,肇建于唐貞元十三年,廟前有神樓兩座,俗稱鐘鼓樓。元末戰亂焚毀,明嘉靖年間知縣徐效賢復修,后又被公元(yuan)1556年(nian)的(de)關中大(da)(da)地(di)(di)震震毀。明萬歷十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1582年(nian))知縣暢孟樂(le)率民(min)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修為三(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),始為現貌(mao)。是一(yi)組保存完好(hao)的(de)明代(dai)(dai)梁柱(zhu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)結構建筑群,三(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)古樓(lou)(lou)(lou),座(zuo)(zuo)北向南(nan),飛檐(yan)斗拱(gong),琉璃重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)。主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)高大(da)(da)宏偉,東西(xi)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)玲瓏精巧,如翼(yi)凌空,十(shi)(shi)分壯觀。三(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)古樓(lou)(lou)(lou)并排矗立(li),以(yi)中間主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)最為高大(da)(da),通高20米(mi),占地(di)(di)140平方米(mi),底(di)層面闊5間,進深5間,用32根柱(zhu)子架梁疊(die)木(mu)建成,其中有十(shi)(shi)根通天柱(zhu)。在通柱(zhu)與廊(lang)柱(zhu)之間建有空中回(hui)廊(lang)。主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)東側有樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梯,可以(yi)登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)觀望(wang)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)為琉璃重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)三(san)(san)滴(di)水歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)(ding),飛檐(yan)斗拱(gong),四(si)(si)挑角掛鈴(ling)。東西(xi)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為方形亭式(shi)(shi)(shi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge),各用14根柱(zhu)子架梁疊(die)木(mu)建成,樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)樣式(shi)(shi)(shi)為琉璃二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)十(shi)(shi)字歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)(ding),飛檐(yan)斗拱(gong),四(si)(si)挑角掛鈴(ling)。三(san)(san)座(zuo)(zuo)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)屋面山花(hua)均用琉璃瓦、龍(long)、鳳、套(tao)角獸和武士俑等琉璃配(pei)件(jian)裝飾而成。同時,樂(le)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)內還(huan)保存陳列著(zhu)唐代(dai)(dai)陀羅尼經幢、金代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)鐘和一(yi)些重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要碑石(shi)。
走(zou)出(chu)(chu)神(shen)廟來到座落在澄城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)東大街(jie)的精(jing)進寺塔(ta)(ta),又(you)名寶塔(ta)(ta),與城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟神(shen)樓(lou)(lou)相(xiang)隔很近,遙遙相(xiang)望,因(yin)建(jian)于原精(jing)進寺院內而得名。據《澄城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)志》記載:精(jing)進寺塔(ta)(ta)是唐(tang)代(dai)創(chuang)建(jian)的一座方(fang)形(xing)九級樓(lou)(lou)閣式,塔(ta)(ta)高33.26米,塔(ta)(ta)基(ji)呈方(fang)形(xing),每面(mian)(mian)邊長7米。塔(ta)(ta)身第一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)高,壁(bi)厚2.2米。每層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)四角各(ge)有(you)風(feng)鈴一個,底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的塔(ta)(ta)門向南(nan)(nan),中間(jian)安有(you)一副木門,這個門就是寺塔(ta)(ta)的正門,可以(yi)進去登塔(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)內第一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是木旋轉式樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)(ti),其(qi)它幾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)均為(wei)木爬式樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)(ti),到第六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)至,七至八(ba)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)空間(jian)太小爬梯(ti)(ti)無(wu)法架設(she)。各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)隱(yin)出(chu)(chu)柱子和額坊,卷門隔間(jian)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)相(xiang)分(fen)開,第五(wu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)斗拱出(chu)(chu)兩跳,單昴偷心造,每層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)挑角都佩掛風(feng)鈴。塔(ta)(ta)檐(yan)由(you)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)青(qing)磚疊澀(se)出(chu)(chu)檐(yan),檐(yan)上(shang)(shang)亦(yi)由(you)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚以(yi)疊澀(se)出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)。塔(ta)(ta)身二、四、六(liu)、八(ba)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)南(nan)(nan)面(mian)(mian)或北(bei)面(mian)(mian)各(ge)開一券(quan)門:東西面(mian)(mian)各(ge)有(you)一券(quan)洞或假門;三(san)、五(wu)、七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的東面(mian)(mian)或西面(mian)(mian)各(ge)開一券(quan)門,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)兩面(mian)(mian)各(ge)有(you)一券(quan)洞或假門。塔(ta)(ta)頂用磚疊澀(se)收分(fen)封頂,上(shang)(shang)置(zhi)鐵剎。塔(ta)(ta)身的隱(yin)性、券(quan)門洞、橫式格(ge)棱窗均用土紅色描(miao)繪。其(qi)塔(ta)(ta)身仿木結構,柱頭突(tu)出(chu)(chu),疊檐(yan)清晰,塔(ta)(ta)頂鐵剎,相(xiang)輪完好,剎座為(wei)仰覆蓮(lian)瓣形(xing)。
“精進寺(si)”當地(di)人稱“東寺(si)”,是一座(zuo)有(you)名的(de)(de)大(da)寺(si)院(yuan),寺(si)院(yuan)朝南占地(di)十(shi)余畝,前后佛殿(dian)建(jian)筑高大(da)宏偉(wei),富麗堂皇。和寺(si)院(yuan)一路之隔(ge)的(de)(de)北邊(bian)是藥(yao)王廟(miao),每年(nian)二月初(chu)二是藥(yao)王廟(miao)會,前來趕廟(miao)會的(de)(de)大(da)都到寺(si)院(yuan)游(you)覽(lan)、拜佛。據(ju)明(ming)嘉靖三十(shi)年(nian)(公元1551年(nian))石道立編的(de)(de)第一部《澄城縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記載:元代將軍郭思德(合陽人)當年(nian)路過澄城時,曾游(you)覽(lan)過精進寺(si),他見景生情(qing),曾寫(xie)詩一首刊登于《縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》,標題是《過精進寺(si)》,詩曰:“離離禾黍起秋風,馬(ma)踏晴川氣最雄(xiong)。武帝(di)水深沒漢鼎,肅宗寺(si)古墜唐鐘。滿(man)天秀色梁山麓,一代清流洛水濃。前去西(xi)洲望(wang)不遠,寨煙連草有(you)寒(han)峰(feng)。”
精進(jin)(jin)寺在解放前(qian)夕已損無存,僅剩精進(jin)(jin)寺塔仍屹立于縣(xian)城之中。1956年、1990年曾兩次維修,1994年對該塔進(jin)(jin)行了全面復修。該塔1958年被縣(xian)政府公(gong)(gong)布為縣(xian)級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)文物保護單位,1992年4月(yue)被陜西(xi)省人民政府批準公(gong)(gong)布為省級重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)文物保護單位。
歷史沿革
樂(le)樓(lou),原名城(cheng)隍廟(miao)神(shen)(shen)樓(lou),位于陜西(xi)澄(cheng)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)大街。三(san)座古樓(lou),坐北面南,飛檐重檐,是(shi)一(yi)組保(bao)存(cun)完好的(de)(de)明代(dai)古建(jian)筑群。主樓(lou)高(gao)大宏偉(wei)。東西(xi)二側樓(lou)玲瓏(long)精(jing)巧(qiao)、如翼凌空(kong),十分壯觀,是(shi)我(wo)省關(guan)中(zhong)地區遠近聞名的(de)(de)名勝古跡(ji)。 省級重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,已(yi)載(zai)入(ru)了《中(zhong)國(guo)名勝詞典》。她是(shi)我(wo)縣(xian)(xian)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)木結構建(jian)筑,被(bei)縣(xian)(xian)委確定為(wei)愛國(guo)主義(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)育基地。據《澄(cheng)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》載(zai),邑城(cheng)隍廟(miao)在西(xi)門外,肇建(jian)于唐負元中(zhong)(公(gong)元797年), 廟(miao)前(qian)舊有神(shen)(shen)樓(lou)兩座,俗稱鐘、鼓樓(lou)、后震毀其一(yi)。獨存(cun)其右(you)者(zhe),變凋(diao)邑幾(ji)傾。萬歷十年(公(gong)元1582年),知縣(xian)(xian)暢孟(meng)樂(le)率民(min)(min)增修為(wei)三(san)樓(lou)。始為(wei)現貌。此后雖屢經修繕,但仍保(bao)銘文(wen)(wen)。其中(zhong)有簡化漢字205個,是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)迄(qi)今為(wei)止所發現的(de)(de)最早的(de)(de)簡化漢字。 鐘體(ti)還有鑄有“梵(fan)書準(zhun)提神(shen)(shen)咒”、“智炬如來心(xin)破地獄真言”,二者(zhe)均為(wei)梵(fan)漢合體(ti)為(wei)研究(jiu)梵(fan)書文(wen)(wen)字提供了珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)實物(wu)資料。其它如:元代(dai)大醮(jiao)盆(pen)、明代(dai)大鐵燈、清(qing)代(dai)振(zhen)威將軍(jun)石生玉墓(mu)志(zhi)銘、辛(xin)亥革命紀念碑(bei)(bei)、馮玉祥將軍(jun)施政(zheng)碑(bei)(bei)等碑(bei)(bei)石 、墓(mu)志(zhi)都有一(yi)定歷史(shi)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)價值,深受(shou)中(zhong)外游客及廣大觀眾贊(zan)賞。通過(guo)參(can)觀游覽樂(le)樓(lou)、會使廣大人民(min)(min)群眾受(shou)到(dao)一(yi)次(ci)生動深刻的(de)(de)愛國(guo)主義(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)育,革命傳統教(jiao)(jiao)育和歷史(shi)唯物(wu)主義(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)育。
建筑布局
樂(le)(le)樓由(you)三部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)樂(le)(le)樓為(wei)主體(ti)建筑(zhu),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)為(wei)鐘鼓樓。樂(le)(le)樓系通柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)式木(mu)架(jia)結構,由(you)前檐兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)石柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四根,木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根,后檐木(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四根,中(zhong)(zhong)平柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)排各(ge)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)根,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)石制山(shan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各(ge)六(liu)根撐起梁架(jia),均(jun)用素(su)覆盆式柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu)。上部(bu)為(wei)重檐三滴水(shui)歇山(shan)頂,琉璃(li)筒(tong)瓦覆蓋,釉彩牡丹置脊,龍頭獸吻(wen)高翹兩(liang)(liang)(liang)端。頂部(bu)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)有琉璃(li)山(shan)花,垂(chui)(chui)魚(yu)縣空(kong),一(yi)(yi)腸上部(bu)懸置斗(dou)八藻(zao)井,水(shui)粉彩繪(hui)一(yi)(yi)新(xin)。樓上層(ceng)四面(mian)枋上承有三踩(cai)(cai)雙(shuang)昂斗(dou)拱(gong)五輔(fu)作(zuo),中(zhong)(zhong)殿(dian)四面(mian)承置兩(liang)(liang)(liang)踩(cai)(cai)雙(shuang)昂斗(dou)拱(gong)五輔(fu)作(zuo),一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)踩(cai)(cai)斗(dou)拱(gong)六(liu)輔(fu)作(zuo),枋內(nei)均(jun)為(wei)卷頭。各(ge)層(ceng)四角(jiao)角(jiao)梁遠(yuan)出,與垂(chui)(chui)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)角(jiao)拱(gong)相接,翹起角(jiao)檐。一(yi)(yi)、二兩(liang)(liang)(liang)層(ceng)四周建有廊房,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)樂(le)(le)庭。系奏(zou)樂(le)(le)演戲酬神之所。