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簡介

建(jian)水文廟位于云南省紅河哈尼(ni)族彝族自(zi)治州(zhou)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)建(jian)水縣城內，是一座全國(guo)屈指可數的(de)(de)大(da)型文廟，始建(jian)于公元二十(shi)二年（1285年），是云南省繼中慶（昆(kun)明）、大(da)理之(zhi)后，最早創建(jian)的(de)(de)第三(san)座廟宇。后經(jing)明、清(qing)兩代擴建(jian)，占地達114畝，總體布局采用中軸對稱(cheng)宮殿式，仿照曲(qu)阜孔廟的(de)(de)格局建(jian)造，有1殿、2廡、2堂、2閣、5祠、8坊(fang)，是一組(zu)規模宏大(da)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群。步入大(da)門(men)為(wei)(wei)肅穆(mu)的(de)(de)"太和元氣"坊(fang)，迎面(mian)為(wei)(wei)20余畝的(de)(de)"學(xue)海"(泮池(chi))，塘內碧波蕩漾，四周柳絲輕拂，池(chi)中建(jian)有思(si)樂亭，左、右有"禮門(men)"和"義路"。步人欞星(xing)門(men).有大(da)成門(men)、東西(xi)廡、大(da)成殿、祟圣詞、明倫堂、尊(zun)經(jing)閣等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。

大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)建(jian)于明(ming)弘治年間，28棵柱支撐全殿(dian)。前檐(yan)12棵為(wei)(wei)石拄(zhu)，每棵高(gao)5米(mi)，重達5000公斤，用整塊大(da)青石雕成(cheng)。大(da)門左右2棵檐(yan)柱雕巨龍盤(pan)繞，稱為(wei)(wei)"石龍抱柱"。正面(mian)22扇(shan)格子門所雕飛(fei)禽(qin)走(zou)獸(shou)，形態(tai)各(ge)異.玻璃瓦的屋頂，光彩奪目。廟(miao)宇(yu)周圍古柏(bo)森(sen)森(sen)，顯得莊(zhuang)嚴肅穆(mu)，雄偉壯(zhuang)觀，有"金碧壯(zhuang)麗甲全滇"之美譽(yu)，其規(gui)模僅次于山東(dong)，曲阜孔(kong)廟(miao)，為(wei)(wei)云南省重點(dian)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。

民國時期編(bian)修的《機關報纂云南通志》記載：建水文(wen)廟，是規模僅次于(yu)山東曲阜的文(wen)廟。

景區特色

整個廟宇，一片翠綠(lv)，古木蕭森，莊嚴肅穆。松、柏(bo)(bo)、竹、柳，千(qian)姿百態，各種花卉爭妍斗艷(yan)，四時飄(piao)香(xiang)。庭(ting)西有(you)(you)兩株共生樹(shu)(shu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)為柏(bo)(bo)樹(shu)(shu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)為榕(rong)樹(shu)(shu)。數(shu)百年(nian)的(de)風風雨雨，它(ta)們已經(jing)緊緊纏在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起。有(you)(you)人戲稱為“萬將軍抱白小姐”。 建水城，為舊臨(lin)安府所在(zai)(zai)地，元、明(ming)、清三代曾是滇南(nan)的(de)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟和文(wen)化的(de)中心，加上文(wen)廟規模宏(hong)大，建筑精(jing)巧，素有(you)(you)“滇南(nan)鄒魯”之(zhi)稱。早年(nian)，當(dang)地利用文(wen)廟建立了(le)臨(lin)安中學(xue)。現改為建水第一(yi)(yi)(yi)中學(xue)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)文(wen)廟側(ce)新建了(le)許多教學(xue)樓。昔日孔廟圣地，如(ru)今成了(le)青少年(nian)學(xue)習之(zhi)所。由于政(zheng)府和學(xue)校注意(yi)保存古跡，至(zhi)今文(wen)廟仍很完整。

繞至(zhi)泮(pan)池后(hou)的(de)唇臺上(shang)，只見栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如生的(de)龍、虎、麟、獅、象巨石雕(diao)高(gao)距(ju)于坊(fang)座上(shang)，拱(gong)衛著木構架(jia)的(de)牌樓。四周的(de)壁畫上(shang)方，用(yong)磚(zhuan)砌(qi)成斗拱(gong)樣(yang)，覆(fu)以碧瓦，與三楹坊(fang)頂合成疊羅漢式的(de)三重檐(yan)歇山頂，檐(yan)牙高(gao)啄，碧瓦飛(fei)翹，與“太和元氣(qi)”坊(fang)及“禮門”、“義路(lu)”坊(fang)齊觀(guan)，如數重大(da)雁飛(fei)臨泮(pan)池之上(shang)。這種(zhong)建筑風(feng)格(ge)，凸現了儒家思想兩個固有的(de)屬性：一方面(mian)具(ju)有廣泛信仰層面(mian)上(shang)的(de)情感需求(qiu)，另一方面(mian)存在(zai)著相當(dang)豐富的(de)理論思維(wei)內容(rong)。

文廟(miao)(miao)最吸引人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)去處無疑(yi)是大(da)成殿(dian)。它(ta)是文廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)建筑，一(yi)字(zi)排開的(de)(de)(de)五間殿(dian)堂，正堂內(nei)置龍寶座，供奉(feng)(feng)著(zhu)孔子塑像(xiang)。殿(dian)堂單檐(yan)(yan)九脊歇山頂(ding)，琉璃黃瓦，翹(qiao)角飛(fei)甍，巍(wei)巍(wei)宏麗，氣(qi)象莊嚴。這里(li)有很多的(de)(de)(de)字(zi)匾(bian)和塑像(xiang)，字(zi)大(da)多是歷代皇帝所(suo)題(ti)，像(xiang)都是對弘揚(yang)儒(ru)家文化作(zuo)出貢獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)名人(ren)(ren)。大(da)殿(dian)檐(yan)(yan)下懸掛著(zhu)“先師廟(miao)(miao)”三個鎏金大(da)字(zi)匾(bian)，筆力(li)雄渾遒(qiu)勁，匾(bian)沿鑲嵌(qian)著(zhu)玲瓏(long)剔透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)木雕龍鳳(feng)。東西廂房是祀奉(feng)(feng)先儒(ru)的(de)(de)(de)場所(suo)，先賢79人(ren)(ren)、先儒(ru)75人(ren)(ren)依次供奉(feng)(feng)于(yu)內(nei)。

建筑

文(wen)廟(miao)座北朝南，基(ji)本按照(zhao)山東曲阜孔廟(miao)布局建造，原有(you)一(yi)池（泮池），一(yi)壇(tan)(tan)（杏壇(tan)(tan)），一(yi)圃(pu)（射(she)圃(pu)），二殿（大成(cheng)殿、崇圣(sheng)殿）、二廡（東廡、西(xi)廡）、二堂(tang)（東明(ming)倫堂(tang)、西(xi)明(ming)倫堂(tang)）、三部長（尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge)、文(wen)星閣(ge)、柱香閣(ge)）、四(si)門(men)（欞星門(men)、大成(cheng)門(men)、金聲門(men)、玉振門(men)）、五(wu)亭(ting)（敬一(yi)亭(ting)、思樂亭(ting)、齋宿(su)亭(ting)、東碑亭(ting)、西(xi)碑亭(ting)）、六祠（寄賢(xian)(xian)祠、倉圣(sheng)祠、名宦祠、鄉賢(xian)(xian)祠、節(jie)教祠、忠義孝悌祠）、八坊(fang)(fang)（太(tai)和(he)元氣坊(fang)(fang)、洙(zhu)泗淵(yuan)源坊(fang)(fang)、禮(li)門(men)坊(fang)(fang)、義路坊(fang)(fang)、道冠古今坊(fang)(fang)、德配(pei)天地坊(fang)(fang)、圣(sheng)域由(you)茲坊(fang)(fang)、賢(xian)(xian)關(guan)近仰坊(fang)(fang)）。碑文(wen)記載：此廟(miao)“殿堂(tang)門(men)廡，圣(sheng)賢(xian)(xian)肖像，刻雕藻繪，金碧輝煌”，“遂成(cheng)一(yi)觀焉(yan)。”數百(bai)年來，不(bu)斷維修，后來除杏壇(tan)(tan)、射(she)圃(pu)、尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge)、文(wen)星閣(ge)、敬一(yi)亭(ting)和(he)齊(qi)宿(su)亭(ting)不(bu)存(cun)外(wai)，其他建筑(zhu)仍然完(wan)好如初。

大(da)門(men)太和元(yuan)氣(qi)坊(fang)(fang)三(san)楹，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)一(yi)楹高約九米，石(shi)(shi)(shi)木(mu)結構，坊(fang)(fang)座上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕獅、象、麒麟(lin)和龍。頂(ding)部斗拱密集，與(yu)兩側(ce)的(de)花磚短墻(qiang)(qiang)組(zu)成(cheng)五(wu)檁(lin)三(san)重檐(yan)牌樓(lou)頂(ding)，甚為(wei)美觀(guan)。當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩扇大(da)門(men)飾以(yi)鼓釘，門(men)前(qian)置(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓一(yi)對(dui)。坊(fang)(fang)后為(wei)泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)，俗稱學(xue)(xue)(xue)海，明成(cheng)化年間(jian)按(an)古學(xue)(xue)(xue)宮之(zhi)制開(kai)挖，弘治年間(jian)拓寬為(wei)橢圓形(xing)，水面(mian)即(ji)達四十余(yu)畝。池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)小(xiao)島(dao)，有(you)(you)(you)堤(di)和橋相通。島(dao)上(shang)建(jian)鰲亭，也稱思樂亭，取“書山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)路(lu)勤為(wei)徑，學(xue)(xue)(xue)海無涯苦作舟”之(zhi)意，以(yi)勉(mian)勵生員奮(fen)發學(xue)(xue)(xue)習，他日(ri)功名成(cheng)就，猶如釣得(de)海中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)鰲。東(dong)西(xi)兩岸有(you)(you)(you)路(lu)和紅墻(qiang)(qiang)相圍，路(lu)旁有(you)(you)(you)林蔭花木(mu)。池(chi)(chi)后筑有(you)(you)(you)半(ban)月形(xing)臺(tai)唇，臺(tai)前(qian)圍以(yi)白石(shi)(shi)(shi)欄桿。左右有(you)(you)(you)“禮門(men)”、“義路(lu)”石(shi)(shi)(shi)牌坊(fang)(fang)，坊(fang)(fang)前(qian)各(ge)(ge)立“官員兵(bing)民(min)人(ren)(ren)等于此下馬(ma)”碑(bei)一(yi)塊(kuai)，坊(fang)(fang)側(ce)面(mian)紅墻(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)鑲嵌“鳶飛魚躍(yue)”石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻大(da)字(zi)四塊(kuai)，各(ge)(ge)高一(yi)米。南面(mian)煥(huan)文(wen)山(shan)倒(dao)(dao)影(ying)(ying)映(ying)(ying)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山(shan)光水色，與(yu)藍天白云(yun)綠(lv)樹相映(ying)(ying)襯(chen)，分(fen)外(wai)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)。舊志記(ji)載：泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)“澄(cheng)泓如鏡，上(shang)面(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)臺(tai)肪截，宮墻(qiang)(qiang)萬仞，金碧交(jiao)(jiao)輝，宏整巨麗冠迤東(dong)西(xi)”“煥(huan)山(shan)倒(dao)(dao)影(ying)(ying)”或“學(xue)(xue)(xue)海文(wen)瀾(lan)”，為(wei)建(jian)水古十景之(zhi)一(yi)。昔時每逢農歷六(liu)月二十四日(ri)火把(ba)節夜，彝(yi)族和漢族百(bai)姓在煥(huan)文(wen)山(shan)上(shang)點燃火把(ba)，巡行在同山(shan)梯田之(zhi)間(jian)，以(yi)祈年照歲，企盼(pan)五(wu)谷豐登。紅色的(de)火苗星(xing)星(xing)點點映(ying)(ying)入泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)之(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，與(yu)天上(shang)的(de)繁星(xing)交(jiao)(jiao)相輝映(ying)(ying)，相傳所(suo)見星(xing)點越多，預(yu)兆(zhao)來年開(kai)科取士中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)榜者亦多。清代滇南著名文(wen)人(ren)(ren)張漢《學(xue)(xue)(xue)海觀(guan)炬》靈(ling)詩(shi)云(yun)：“煥(huan)文(wen)峰影(ying)(ying)泮(pan)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，幾點遙窺野炬紅。陸地已成(cheng)星(xing)宿海，靈(ling)槎欲貫(guan)斗牛宮……待得(de)今夕見，科名有(you)(you)(you)婁信先通。”如此情趣，全(quan)國文(wen)廟(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)絕無僅有(you)(you)(you)。

從泮(pan)池(chi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺唇登(deng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)數級(ji)石(shi)(shi)(shi)階，有“洙(zhu)(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)楹(ying)，高(gao)九米，木(mu)(mu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)結構，龍、麟、獅(shi)、象(xiang)巨型(xing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)高(gao)踞于坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，拱(gong)衛著木(mu)(mu)構架的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌樓(lou)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)檐下密密層(ceng)層(ceng)地(di)飾以(yi)(yi)精巧玲瓏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斗拱(gong)，這些斗拱(gong)主(zhu)要起裝飾作用，而(er)不能全部承檐坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)壓，古代建筑(zhu)設計師匠(jiang)心獨運，巧妙地(di)在中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)一楹(ying)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)麒麟和(he)(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅(shi)子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)打主(zhu)意，在麒麟和(he)(he)獅(shi)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)各雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻一個跪姿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)人，頭(tou)頂(ding)(ding)一朵石(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)蓮(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)安(an)裝一根(gen)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍細圓木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)，四(si)個石(shi)(shi)(shi)人四(si)根(gen)木(mu)(mu)柱(zhu)(zhu)支(zhi)撐起最(zui)高(gao)一層(ceng)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)個檐角，形(xing)成(cheng)兩根(gen)主(zhu)柱(zhu)(zhu)并(bing)列懸掛(gua)四(si)根(gen)吊(diao)腳輔(fu)柱(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)架勢，仔細觀賞，騰挪自如。牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)兩側各有磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍鳳(feng)壁畫一幅(fu)(fu)，其一為(wei)(wei)“二龍戲珠”另一幅(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)“雙鳳(feng)朝(chao)陽”，亦(yi)甚精美。壁畫上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)用磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)斗拱(gong)樣，覆以(yi)(yi)瓦(wa)頂(ding)(ding)，與三(san)楹(ying)坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)頂(ding)(ding)組合成(cheng)疊羅漢式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)重(zhong)(zhong)檐歇(xie)山頂(ding)(ding)，檐角飛翹，遠觀如雁陣飛臨泮(pan)池(chi)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，令人賞心悅目。“洙(zhu)(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)背面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門楣(mei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)寫(xie)有“萬世宗師”四(si)字。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)后(hou)東西(xi)向又橫陳四(si)座磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)底座，土木(mu)(mu)筑(zhu)頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，亦(yi)各高(gao)九米，分別題寫(xie)“德配天(tian)(tian)地(di)”、“道冠古今”、“圣域由茲”、“賢(xian)關近(jin)仰”。正中(zhong)方頂(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)柱(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)有龍雕(diao)(diao)(diao)，造型(xing)與“洙(zhu)(zhu)泗淵源”坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)相(xiang)近(jin)，只是坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)座上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)缺少獅(shi)象(xiang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)。坊(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)間(jian)(jian)空地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)陳列著二十(shi)余塊石(shi)(shi)(shi)碑，記載著明清時期增(zeng)修文廟(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經過，是研(yan)究古代邊(bian)疆文化教育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴史(shi)料(liao)。中(zhong)軸(zhou)線上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)原有杏(xing)壇(tan)，明天(tian)(tian)順間(jian)(jian)建，壇(tan)中(zhong)豎(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻孔子(zi)統育圖，后(hou)地(di)震坍(tan)毀，石(shi)(shi)(shi)刻像移至大成(cheng)殿(dian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。

其后為(wei)欞(ling)星門(men)，三開間，雕梁(liang)畫棟，瓦頂(ding)(ding)，四根木柱穿(chuan)脊而出，柱上有木刻飾(shi)物(wu)，柱頂(ding)(ding)套(tao)有明代燒制的青花(hua)瓷罩，罩頂(ding)(ding)雕盤龍(long)，龍(long)首嘯天。門(men)后為(wei)園(yuan)(yuan)林，數株迎客松，競相婆娑，似在向游人招手致意(yi)。園(yuan)(yuan)東原有魁(kui)星閣一座(zuo)，已毀，現存名宦祠。園(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)有桂香(xiang)閣和(he)鄉賢(xian)祠。桂香(xiang)閣曾是(shi)解放戰爭時期(qi)中國共產黨滇南地下組織負責(ze)人寓所在活動的舊址。

再(zai)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門，亦(yi)三(san)(san)開(kai)間(jian)(jian)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)通道，門上(shang)(shang)飾以鼓釘，門前(qian)石(shi)(shi)階正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)飛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)。入內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)庭院(yuan)(yuan)，庭院(yuan)(yuan)后部丹墀上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)廟(miao)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)建(jian)(jian)筑大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)。兩(liang)廂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)廡、西廡，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)房舍十(shi)五間(jian)(jian)。門、殿(dian)和(he)(he)兩(liang)廡組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)套方形(xing)建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，氣(qi)勢宏闊。大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)五開(kai)間(jian)(jian)，琉璃黃瓦(wa)，歇山頂，由二(er)十(shi)根高(gao)五米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨(ju)(ju)柱(zhu)支撐，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)十(shi)二(er)根青(qing)(qing)石(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)柱(zhu)，全用(yong)整(zheng)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)鑿磨而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。撐持左右前(qian)檐(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)根石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部鐫(juan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)騰(teng)祥云狀，“石(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)抱柱(zhu)”雕(diao)(diao)(diao)工精巧，甚是(shi)珍(zhen)奇。二(er)十(shi)二(er)扇木屏(ping)門透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)出(chu)神采各(ge)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物圖(tu)畫(hua)，當中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)六扇為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“六龍(long)(long)(long)(long)捧圣(sheng)”圖(tu)，六條立(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)在(zai)(zai)云水(shui)間(jian)(jian)騰(teng)挪翻飛，環衛著殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔子(zi)圣(sheng)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，象征(zheng)孔子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學說和(he)(he)思(si)想在(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)意識形(xing)態領域內(nei)(nei)至(zhi)高(gao)無(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位。兩(liang)旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屏(ping)門上(shang)(shang)分別鐫(juan)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)出(chu)“雙獅(shi)分水(shui)”、“喜鵲鬧梅”、“犀牛望月”、“三(san)(san)羊開(kai)泰”、“麟吐玉書”、“封（蜂）侯（猴）掛(gua)印”、“旭日東(dong)升”、“竹(zhu)報平安”等(deng)畫(hua)面，共雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)百多(duo)個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)(da)小動(dong)物形(xing)象，維(wei)(wei)妙維(wei)(wei)肖，栩(xu)(xu)栩(xu)(xu)如(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)，而(er)(er)且一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)高(gao)度鏤空成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)(li)體(ti)(ti)(ti)狀。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)對小松鼠，呼之欲出(chu)，活靈活現(xian)，體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)藝人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)超技術，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)屏(ping)門中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)品。門檻五道亦(yi)用(yong)整(zheng)塊(kuai)紋石(shi)(shi)盤(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)道各(ge)長五米(mi)(mi)七，高(gao)寬各(ge)四十(shi)厘米(mi)(mi)，石(shi)(shi)色(se)灰白(bai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含黑紋，細膩有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光(guang)，無(wu)絲毫裂痕，儼如(ru)油光(guang)漆成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，乍(zha)看(kan)不知是(shi)整(zheng)塊(kuai)巨(ju)(ju)石(shi)(shi)琢磨而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)下懸(xuan)掛(gua)著“先師廟(miao)”三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)鎏金大(da)(da)(da)字匾(bian)，筆(bi)力雄渾遒勁(jing)，匾(bian)沿(yan)鑲(xiang)(xiang)嵌(qian)著玲瓏剔透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)鳳。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)懸(xuan)掛(gua)著摹刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清代(dai)(dai)歷朝皇帝贊孔尊孔“御題”貼金匾(bian)額八(ba)塊(kuai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)康熙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“萬(wan)世師表”，雍正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“生(sheng)(sheng)民(min)未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)”，乾隆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“與天地參”，直(zhi)到光(guang)緒(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“斯文(wen)在(zai)(zai)茲”。殿(dian)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)尊供奉孔子(zi)牌(pai)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣(sheng)龕，龕座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)亦(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)整(zheng)塊(kuai)巨(ju)(ju)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，四足朝內(nei)(nei)彎(wan)曲。座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)置(zhi)精工鏤刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)木閣一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)。孔子(zi)牌(pai)位供在(zai)(zai)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)寶(bao)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)。殿(dian)前(qian)置(zhi)乾隆年間(jian)(jian)鑄(zhu)造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)銅香爐一(yi)(yi)尊，高(gao)近(jin)三(san)(san)米(mi)(mi)，四足鑄(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)象頭，卷曲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象鼻支在(zai)(zai)蓮座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，象征(zheng)著這一(yi)(yi)帶古(gu)(gu)時(shi)曾(ceng)是(shi)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故鄉。香爐上(shang)(shang)部覆以樓臺，盤(pan)繞(rao)游龍(long)(long)(long)(long)十(shi)余(yu)條。又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)“孔圣(sheng)弦頌圖(tu)”一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)，高(gao)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)五，寬八(ba)十(shi)厘米(mi)(mi)，孔子(zi)席地而(er)(er)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)撫琴授課，四弟子(zi)肅立(li)(li)(li)恭聽，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明代(dai)(dai)所刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)兩(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭，西碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭立(li)(li)(li)滿漢文(wen)《御制平定(ding)回中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)告太(tai)太(tai)學碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)》，通高(gao)五米(mi)(mi)，寬二(er)米(mi)(mi)，兩(liang)塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)并列在(zai)(zai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)滿文(wen)，一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)漢文(wen)，兩(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之上(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)(shang)，一(yi)(yi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)漢文(wen)，兩(liang)塊(kuai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之上(shang)(shang)鑲(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)(yi)塊(kuai)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)頂，將其聯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)記載乾隆年間(jian)(jian)清軍平定(ding)新(xin)疆準(zhun)噶爾反(fan)動(dong)貴州叛亂，統一(yi)(yi)祖國版(ban)圖(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史料(liao)，原碑(bei)(bei)(bei)立(li)(li)(li)于北京文(wen)廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)，臨安知府雙鼎(ding)摹刻(ke)(ke)(ke)于建(jian)(jian)水(shui)文(wen)廟(miao)。滿漢文(wen)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)全國罕有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。東(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內(nei)(nei)立(li)(li)(li)用(yong)漢文(wen)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)乾隆《平定(ding)青(qing)(qing)海(hai)告成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)太(tai)學記》。殿(dian)前(qian)庭院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)(shu)兩(liang)株(zhu)，古(gu)(gu)柏數株(zhu)，相傳植于元時(shi)。又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山茶花兩(liang)株(zhu)，蒼老遒勁(jing)，仍(reng)繁(fan)花似錦。林蔭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)伏坐石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)白(bai)象兩(liang)頭，馱(tuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)多(duo)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)銅花瓶，瓶內(nei)(nei)植花木。庭院(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)側有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)西明倫(lun)堂，原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臨安府學和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)水(shui)縣學所在(zai)(zai)。西明倫(lun)堂前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)奇異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)榕柏共生(sheng)(sheng)樹(shu)(shu)，榕樹(shu)(shu)包柏樹(shu)(shu)，連(lian)理(li)同(tong)心，三(san)(san)人才能(neng)合(he)抱。

大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)后又陳(chen)列著元明(ming)清碑(bei)刻(ke)十(shi)余塊，其中(zhong)有(you)元至大(da)元年武宗皇帝(di)追封孔(kong)子為“大(da)成(cheng)至圣(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)宣王”的(de)(de)圣(sheng)(sheng)旨牌，為滇南現存(cun)最古老的(de)(de)碑(bei)刻(ke)。其后為崇圣(sheng)(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)，是祈奉孔(kong)子父母的(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)堂，雕梁畫棟，與(yu)大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)相(xiang)呼應(ying)，蔚為壯觀(guan)，殿(dian)(dian)前石欄上刻(ke)有(you)杭州西湖二十(shi)四景(jing)圖。殿(dian)(dian)東(dong)還(huan)有(you)倉(cang)圣(sheng)(sheng)祠(ci)、景(jing)賢(xian)祠(ci)。前祠(ci)奉祀傳說中(zhong)的(de)(de)漢(han)字創造者(zhe)倉(cang)頡。后者(zhe)為鄉人紀念明(ming)洪武年間被貶謫至此講學近十(shi)余年，與(yu)邊地文(wen)(wen)稿教有(you)功(gong)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)人學士王奎(kui)、韓宜(yi)可而建的(de)(de)祠(ci)堂，也稱二賢(xian)祠(ci)。

崇圣殿后原有尊經部長，為滇南最古(gu)老的藏書樓，已毀，唯剩古(gu)柏百余株。