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西夏陵
0 票數:0 #全國重點文物保護單位#
西夏王陵又稱西夏帝陵、西夏皇陵,是西夏歷代帝王陵以及皇家陵墓。王陵位于寧夏銀川市西,西傍賀蘭山,東臨銀川平原,海拔1130米至1200米之間,是中國現存規模最大、地面遺址最完整的帝王陵園之一,也是現存規模最大的一處西夏文化遺址。景區占地面積58余平方公里,核心景區20.9平方公里,分布9座帝王陵墓,200余座王侯勛戚的陪葬墓,規模宏偉,布局嚴整。每座帝陵都是坐北向南,呈縱長方形的獨立建筑群體,規模同明十三陵相當。
  • 官方網站:
  • 門票參考: 95元
  • 所在地/隸屬: 寧夏(xia)(xia)回(hui)族自治區銀(yin)川市西夏(xia)(xia)區賀蘭山東(dong)麓
  • 開放時間: 08:00~18:30
  • 適宜季節: 5月~10月
  • 建議游玩時間: 3~4小時(shi)
  • 旅游景區級別: 2008年(4A)
  • 文物保護單位: 國家第三批(西(xi)夏)
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簡介

西(xi)夏(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)位于寧(ning)夏(xia)回族自治區銀川(chuan)市西(xi)部30公(gong)(gong)里的(de)賀(he)蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)東麓,陵(ling)區北起泉(quan)齊溝,南至銀巴公(gong)(gong)路,南北長約(yue)10公(gong)(gong)里;東臨西(xi)干渠(qu),西(xi)靠賀(he)蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan),東西(xi)寬約(yue)5公(gong)(gong)里,總占(zhan)地(di)面積約(yue)為(wei)50平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里。陵(ling)區位于賀(he)蘭(lan)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)段南段東側,為(wei)山(shan)(shan)前洪積扇地(di)帶,海(hai)拔1150-1220米(mi)。地(di)表遍布礫石和(he)粗(cu)砂(sha),地(di)基承重力大(da),保水性差,自然排水條件(jian)好。良(liang)好的(de)地(di)基使西(xi)夏(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)成(cheng)功渡過了(le)西(xi)北地(di)區歷史上(shang)的(de)多(duo)場(chang)大(da)地(di)震。陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)所處位置常(chang)年降水量偏少(shao),山(shan)(shan)洪暴發的(de)可能性很低,利于陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)整體(ti)保護。初建(jian)時每(mei)個(ge)陵(ling)園(yuan)(yuan)均(jun)有地(di)下(xia)陵(ling)寢、墓(mu)室、地(di)面建(jian)筑和(he)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin),獨(du)立占(zhan)地(di)都在10萬平(ping)方米(mi)左右(you),形制與布局大(da)體(ti)相同。

西夏(xia)王陵(ling)中(zhong)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)共有(you)9座,根據1990年所編號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼,一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)(hao)、三(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、五號(hao)(hao)(hao)、七號(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)九(jiu)(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)位于平(ping)原之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),四號(hao)(hao)(hao)、六(liu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)八(ba)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)則依山而建。每一(yi)座帝(di)(di)陵(ling)均坐北朝南,呈縱(zong)向長方形(xing),占地面(mian)積達10萬平(ping)方米以上(shang)。這些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)的(de)(de)外(wai)郭形(xing)制雖然有(you)開口式(shi)、封閉式(shi)和(he)無(wu)外(wai)郭式(shi)三(san)種,內部(bu)結(jie)構(gou)卻大體相同,分(fen)為角臺、闕(que)臺、月(yue)城(cheng)、陵(ling)城(cheng)四部(bu)分(fen)。這些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)的(de)(de)外(wai)郭或宮城(cheng)的(de)(de)長寬比例都在(zai)1.5:1.7之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,與史籍(ji)記載的(de)(de)興慶府(fu)城(cheng)郭的(de)(de)長寬比大致相當(dang)。史籍(ji)當(dang)中(zhong)記載西夏(xia)王陵(ling)有(you)名號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)也只有(you)9座,而神宗李(li)遵頊、獻宗李(li)德(de)旺、末主(zhu)李(li)晛(xian)的(de)(de)陵(ling)墓史籍(ji)沒有(you)記載,可(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)的(de)(de)其余三(san)座帝(di)(di)陵(ling)則或許(xu)由(you)于西夏(xia)末年兵荒(huang)馬(ma)亂而并未(wei)建造,也有(you)可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)二十世紀(ji)六(liu)十年代被當(dang)地某建筑單位夷平(ping)。在(zai)這些(xie)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)4個區域,集中(zhong)分(fen)布著至少254座陪(pei)葬(zang)墓。在(zai)陪(pei)葬(zang)墓集中(zhong)的(de)(de)七號(hao)(hao)(hao)、八(ba)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)一(yi)帶,考古人員清理出(chu)1座西夏(xia)祖廟的(de)(de)遺址。

此外,九(jiu)座(zuo)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)現存碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺址共16處,其(qi)中一號(hao)(hao)、二(er)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)各3座(zuo),三(san)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),四號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)現只存1座(zuo)西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting),五號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)3座(zuo),六號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),七號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)2座(zuo)。八(ba)號(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)除陵(ling)(ling)塔(ta)外,所有(you)地面建筑(zhu)均被夷平(ping),故碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)已不存。按照西(xi)夏陵(ling)(ling)區其(qi)他(ta)帝(di)陵(ling)(ling)的陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)建筑(zhu)規(gui)制、布(bu)局,估計八(ba)號(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)原來至少各有(you)2座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)。九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)曾于二(er)十世(shi)紀七十年(nian)代某單位(wei)基建時出土了(le)4件雕像石碑(bei)(bei)座(zuo)。

陵區北部(bu)偏東,有(you)一座(zuo)規模較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)陵邑性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址(zhi)。遺(yi)址(zhi)內(nei)廣場、道(dao)路、院落、水(shui)井和房屋(wu)等遺(yi)跡(ji)都清晰可見,布局十分規范整齊,總(zong)面積近10萬(wan)平方米。四周筑(zhu)有(you)夯土(tu)城墻。城內(nei)分前、中(zhong)、后三(san)個部(bu)分,中(zhong)部(bu)和后部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正中(zhong)各有(you)一座(zuo)規模宏(hong)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)殿堂,其他建(jian)筑(zhu)多集(ji)中(zhong)在城的(de)(de)(de)(de)前部(bu)和中(zhong)部(bu),并組成一座(zuo)座(zuo)封閉式庭(ting)院。遺(yi)址(zhi)中(zhong)發掘出大批色澤鮮艷的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色琉璃板瓦、筒瓦、瓦當、滴(di)水(shui)、脊獸、鴟吻和其他建(jian)筑(zhu)裝(zhuang)飾構件(jian),如乳白(bai)色或(huo)青白(bai)色帶有(you)冰(bing)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)白(bai)瓷板瓦、側(ce)邊有(you)黑(hei)色釉的(de)(de)(de)(de)牛郎合瓦、精雕細琢的(de)(de)(de)(de)石刻。

陵(ling)邑附近,西(xi)干渠(qu)西(xi)岸(an)、昊王渠(qu)及其東西(xi)兩側的(de)(de)自然(ran)岡丘上,由北向南分布著一系列西(xi)夏窯址(zhi),綿延七八公里,計幾十(shi)余(yu)處之(zhi)多。其中(zhong)有燒制方磚、長方磚、條磚、板(ban)筒(tong)瓦、瓦當、滴水、琉璃飾件等建(jian)材的(de)(de)磚瓦窯和石灰窯。據研究人(ren)員(yuan)推測(ce),該窯址(zhi)為專門燒制西(xi)夏王陵(ling)建(jian)筑材料而建(jian)。

除此九大陵區(qu)外(wai),另有神宗李(li)遵頊(xu)、獻宗李(li)德旺、末主李(li)晛等獨立陵區(qu)。

主要陵區

綜述

截至2014年,西夏王陵遺(yi)址(zhi)共確認(ren)出西夏帝陵9座,陵邑遺(yi)址(zhi)1座,陪葬墓(mu)254座,窯址(zhi)幾十處,祖廟(miao)1座,除7號陵和182號陪葬墓(mu)外(wai),其余墓(mu)葬的墓(mu)主人尚無法得到(dao)最終確認(ren)。

裕陵

陵(ling)(ling)區坐(zuo)北(bei)(bei)朝南(nan),方向南(nan)偏東15度。地面建筑基本全部變(bian)成廢墟。整個(ge)陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)為(wei)封閉式外(wai)神墻(qiang)包圍,墻(qiang)外(wai)有角臺,陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)內(nei)從(cong)南(nan)到北(bei)(bei)有闕臺、碑亭、月(yue)城、內(nei)城;內(nei)城中有獻殿(dian)、墓道、陵(ling)(ling)臺等建筑。

該陵園的(de)外城已經全部倒(dao)(dao)塌,呈南北長方形,南北長360米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);南墻正中留有(you)門道,寬約35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)余三面封閉,墻體為夯土實(shi)心(xin),外表包砌石(shi)塊,厚(hou)度在(zai)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。陵園南端外神(shen)門內兩側(ce)(ce)建有(you)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相對(dui)的(de)2座(zuo)(zuo)闕臺,彼(bi)此相距65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由黃沙質(zhi)夯土筑(zhu)成,基(ji)底呈正方形,每(mei)邊(bian)(bian)長8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。現殘(can)(can)存平頂,周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)殘(can)(can)存板瓦、筒瓦殘(can)(can)片(pian)以及磚(zhuan)塊、褐紅泥皮堆積(ji)(ji)。陵園內共有(you)三座(zuo)(zuo)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)遺址(zhi),其(qi)中在(zai)東(dong)側(ce)(ce)有(you)2座(zuo)(zuo),西(xi)(xi)側(ce)(ce)有(you)1座(zuo)(zuo)。靠(kao)北的(de)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩座(zuo)(zuo)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)相對(dui),距離闕臺各40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)相距65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。西(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)殘(can)(can)存臺基(ji)約1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺面邊(bian)(bian)長10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺面殘(can)(can)存鋪地磚(zhuan),臺基(ji)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)被(bei)倒(dao)(dao)塌的(de)殘(can)(can)磚(zhuan)亂瓦及土石(shi)填(tian)起,堆積(ji)(ji)呈圓臺型(xing),堆積(ji)(ji)之上及其(qi)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)散布大量(liang)磚(zhuan)瓦、石(shi)碑碎塊,還有(you)少(shao)量(liang)琉(liu)璃瓦和(he)槽心(xin)瓦殘(can)(can)塊。東(dong)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)比西(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)略(lve)高,其(qi)他情況與西(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)類似(si)。東(dong)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)南側(ce)(ce)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)1座(zuo)(zuo)小碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting),堆積(ji)(ji)高約1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正方形臺基(ji),邊(bian)(bian)長約8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)他殘(can)(can)骸與另兩座(zuo)(zuo)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)類似(si)。在(zai)碑亭(ting)(ting)(ting)以北約110米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)一(yi)處月(yue)城遺址(zhi),神(shen)墻多已倒(dao)(dao)塌,門址(zhi)兩側(ce)(ce)各殘(can)(can)存一(yi)段較高的(de)墻體。月(yue)城的(de)墻體為黃沙土夯筑(zhu),夯層厚(hou)8至13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,月(yue)城內神(shen)道兩側(ce)(ce)各有(you)兩列石(shi)像生遺址(zhi),間距15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),石(shi)像生殘(can)(can)塊已很難找到。

月城(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)內城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址,該遺(yi)址呈(cheng)南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)方形,南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)約115米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)長(chang)(chang)200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。四(si)面(mian)以(yi)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)環繞(rao),南端(duan)距(ju)離外(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)137米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東、西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)三面(mian)均相距(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。墻(qiang)基寬約3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙土(tu)(tu)分(fen)段夯(hang)筑(zhu),殘(can)存最高(gao)(gao)(gao)可(ke)達4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)余。南神(shen)(shen)門遺(yi)址寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)量磚、瓦(wa)(wa)以(yi)及(ji)琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、槽心瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)塊(kuai)。門址兩側(ce)墻(qiang)體(ti)加寬,另外(wai)(wai)(wai)3面(mian)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)正中亦辟門,都(dou)散見(jian)磚瓦(wa)(wa),門道暢通。內城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)個轉角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)皆(jie)殘(can)存較多,均有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)散布(bu)。在(zai)南神(shen)(shen)門內偏(pian)西(xi)約30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)(chu)獻殿(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址,殘(can)存臺(tai)(tai)基為(wei)東西(xi)向長(chang)(chang)方形,臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)長(chang)(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)上及(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)散見(jian)大(da)(da)量磚、瓦(wa)(wa)、琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、槽心瓦(wa)(wa)、脊飾(shi)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)。從遺(yi)址堆積分(fen)析,獻殿(dian)(dian)的(de)風(feng)格疑(yi)似為(wei)歇山式殿(dian)(dian)堂。在(zai)獻殿(dian)(dian)之后約5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)墓道封土(tu)(tu),成魚脊形狀隆起,東南低西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao),除砂礫填(tian)土(tu)(tu)外(wai)(wai)(wai),表面(mian)多較大(da)(da)的(de)石塊(kuai),其(qi)末(mo)端(duan)已經被破壞。墓道封土(tu)(tu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)端(duan)東側(ce)約15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)近距(ju)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)地方有(you)(you)(you)(you)1處(chu)(chu)(chu)鐘虡(ju)遺(yi)址,僅剩高(gao)(gao)(gao)約4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底(di)面(mian)邊長(chang)(chang)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai),其(qi)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)散見(jian)琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園內城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1處(chu)(chu)(chu)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai),該陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)距(ju)離北(bei)(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),距(ju)離西(xi)墻(qiang)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形呈(cheng)八(ba)角(jiao)(jiao)形,分(fen)七個層(ceng)次,每(mei)層(ceng)向內收(shou)分(fen),頂部(bu)趨尖(jian)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)周(zhou)(zhou)身有(you)(you)(you)(you)椽(chuan)洞,洞孔隨收(shou)分(fen)成層(ceng)分(fen)布(bu),其(qi)孔徑10至30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)(deng),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)數布(bu)大(da)(da)量青(qing)磚、灰瓦(wa)(wa)及(ji)琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、糟(zao)心瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao)。在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4處(chu)(chu)(chu)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai),外(wai)(wai)(wai)形呈(cheng)覆斗(dou)型,高(gao)(gao)(gao)約5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。前角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)緊(jin)靠外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang),其(qi)連線跨越月城(cheng)(cheng)中央。臺(tai)(tai)體(ti)為(wei)底(di)邊長(chang)(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)成,均坍塌嚴重,周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料(liao),后角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)轉角(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)側(ce)。

嘉陵

號陵(ling)(ling)。陵(ling)(ling)主李(li)德明(ming),李(li)繼(ji)遷之長子,系西(xi)夏(xia)皇帝(di)李(li)元昊之父。墓號嘉陵(ling)(ling)。二號陵(ling)(ling)位于一號陵(ling)(ling)西(xi)北部約30米的位置處(chu)。地面建筑基本全部變成廢墟。其除(chu)四周角臺殘存(cun)高度比一號陵(ling)(ling)略低之外,其余殘存(cun)情況(kuang)、整體架(jia)構(gou)、建筑組成、地理朝(chao)向等均(jun)與(yu)一號陵(ling)(ling)類似。

泰陵

落在一片開闊地(di)上,其(qi)西南約3公(gong)里遠處為一號(hao)、二號(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)北(bei)約1.5公(gong)里為五(wu)號(hao)、六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)西約2公(gong)里則為四號(hao)陵(ling)。三(san)(san)號(hao)陵(ling)園(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,方向南偏東55度(du)。地(di)面建筑(zhu)被嚴重破(po)壞。整座陵(ling)園(yuan)從南到北(bei)由角(jiao)臺、闕臺、碑亭、月(yue)城、內城、獻殿、墓道封土、陵(ling)臺等共同組成。2000年10月(yue)至11月(yue)、2001年4月(yue)至6月(yue)以及2001年9月(yue)至10月(yue),考古人員對三(san)(san)號(hao)陵(ling)園(yuan)建筑(zhu)遺址進行了三(san)(san)次大規模考古發掘,揭露面積2萬多平方米。

陵(ling)園南端左(zuo)右兩側(ce)各有(you)1座(zuo)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址,兩座(zuo)遺址東西(xi)(xi)相距(ju)約(yue)120米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由純(chun)凈黃土筑(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)。東闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方(fang)形,邊長(chang)(chang)約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)向內(nei)(nei)收(shou),頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)一較小的臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)散(san)落(luo)有(you)大(da)量建(jian)筑(zhu)殘(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai),經過細致(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)后發(fa)(fa)(fa)現根部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)經被(bei)掏空。西(xi)(xi)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已(yi)剝落(luo)成(cheng)(cheng)2層(ceng)圓(yuan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)形狀,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)高(gao)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)散(san)落(luo)磚(zhuan)瓦殘(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。位于(yu)雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)北(bei)約(yue)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)2座(zuo)碑(bei)亭(ting)遺址。碑(bei)亭(ting)東西(xi)(xi)相對(dui),間距(ju)120米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已(yi)經全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)。其(qi)中東碑(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)呈(cheng)方(fang)形,邊長(chang)(chang)21.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯筑(zhu)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)四(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)扭繩(sheng)紋(wen)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)(cheng)三級逐漸收(shou)縮(suo)的臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)階(jie),高(gao)2.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)而為圓(yuan)角方(fang)形,邊長(chang)(chang)15.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為一圓(yuan)形基(ji)(ji)址,直徑13.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),室(shi)內(nei)(nei)直徑7.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)外(wai)為寬2.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji),室(shi)內(nei)(nei)鋪方(fang)磚(zhuan)、中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)殘(can)(can)(can)存3個人像石座(zuo)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)有(you)大(da)量西(xi)(xi)夏(xia)文碑(bei)殘(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)及銅鈴鐺(dang)、甲片(pian)等(deng)(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)材料。碑(bei)亭(ting)南面開門(men),門(men)內(nei)(nei)有(you)25塊(kuai)方(fang)形花(hua)紋(wen)磚(zhuan)呈(cheng)方(fang)形排列,門(men)外(wai)延伸出斜坡(po)式(shi)踏道(dao)。在(zai)西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)兩邊側(ce)有(you)5座(zuo)灶坑,灶坑鑿穿(chuan)了臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)堅硬(ying),有(you)很重的煙(yan)痕,坑內(nei)(nei)堆積與臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)堆積的殘(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)種(zhong)類相同。發(fa)(fa)(fa)掘(jue)物中以(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)用磚(zhuan)最(zui)多,數量驚人,卻極少見列瓦片(pian)。由于(yu)破壞燒毀嚴重,屋頂(ding)的建(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格已(yi)無法推測。富(fu)有(you)物征的花(hua)紋(wen)磚(zhuan),圖案達8種(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)。粗繩(sheng)紋(wen)磚(zhuan)中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)多在(zai)凹槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)有(you)1漢(han)字,如李、牛、言、五等(deng)(deng)漢(han)字姓氏或記號(hao),表明了營建(jian)陵(ling)園過程中曾有(you)漢(han)族工(gong)匠參與。

西(xi)(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)堆積高(gao)約3米(mi),表面布滿殘(can)磚塊,其間生有雜草(cao),堆積范圍在1000平方米(mi)左右。在發掘過后,西(xi)(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)上方加蓋了簡易保護棚,東(dong)(dong)碑亭(ting)已用砂土封蓋。碑亭(ting)北(bei)側有一處月城遺址(zhi),該(gai)遺址(zhi)呈東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長方形(xing),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長約130米(mi),南北(bei)寬(kuan)約50米(mi)。月城筑于陵城南面,由東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)、南墻(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)圍成(cheng),南墻(qiang)中部(bu)辟門,月城東(dong)(dong)墻(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)北(bei)接陵城的(de)(de)南墻(qiang)。月城內(nei)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)部(bu)各有兩列(lie)南北(bei)向的(de)(de)石像生基(ji)址(zhi)殘(can)跡(ji),兩列(lie)基(ji)址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)間距8.8米(mi),神道(dao)兩側的(de)(de)基(ji)址(zhi)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)間距32米(mi)。墻(qiang)垣夯(hang)土版筑,基(ji)寬(kuan)2.45至2.55米(mi),夯(hang)層厚0.07至0.1米(mi),墻(qiang)體殘(can)高(gao)多不到1米(mi)。

月(yue)城(cheng)北側為(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)遺(yi)址,四面(mian)用神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)環繞,呈南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing),南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)(kuan)160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。占(zhan)地(di)(di)約(yue)(yue)(yue)40畝(mu)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)中部較窄,靠(kao)近轉角(jiao)漸(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)大(da)(da),純(chun)凈黃(huang)土分段(duan)(duan)夯(hang)(hang)筑而(er)成,中部每(mei)段(duan)(duan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),比較平齊,各段(duan)(duan)如(ru)須彌座(zuo)(zuo)形(xing)狀。神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)四處(chu)(chu)轉角(jiao)皆(jie)(jie)很高(gao)大(da)(da),類(lei)圓柱(zhu)形(xing),從各轉角(jiao)往(wang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)兩側,連體圓柱(zhu)愈來(lai)愈矮(ai)小(xiao),各有(you)5個,共40個。其(qi)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)最(zui)高(gao)達6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang),最(zui)低的(de)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),發現在轉角(jiao)處(chu)(chu)5個連體圓柱(zhu)夯(hang)(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)四面(mian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)皆(jie)(jie)正(zheng)中辟門(men),門(men)址寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)面(mian)散布瓦(wa)片(pian)、脊(ji)飾殘(can)塊(kuai)等。根據(ju)統計,內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)坍塌墻(qiang)體在2002年(nian)時已達189.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),約(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)墻(qiang)體總長(chang)(chang)(chang)度的(de)27.8%。南(nan)(nan)神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)約(yue)(yue)(yue)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西處(chu)(chu)有(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)獻殿遺(yi)址。根據(ju)考古發掘情(qing)況看,可能原為(wei)一(yi)正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堆積(ji)厚約(yue)(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基以純(chun)凈黃(huang)土墊起,其(qi)上(shang)及周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)殘(can)存(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)量(liang)青(qing)磚(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)及琉(liu)璃構件(jian)。獻殿之后約(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)墓道封(feng)土,南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈東南(nan)(nan)——西北走向(xiang),形(xing)似(si)魚脊(ji),以砂石(shi)填充(chong)。其(qi)末(mo)端(duan)為(wei)盜坑,盜坑直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。坑內(nei)(nei)(nei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)有(you)若干小(xiao)樹,兩側有(you)土堆。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西北隅有(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),八角(jiao)形(xing),高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分7級,每(mei)級向(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)收分。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)收分處(chu)(chu)及周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)面(mian)散布大(da)(da)量(liang)瓦(wa)片(pian)、瓦(wa)當、滴水等建(jian)筑材料。夯(hang)(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)整體形(xing)狀為(wei)塔形(xing),其(qi)上(shang)露出一(yi)個個椽洞,有(you)水平方(fang)向(xiang)的(de),還有(you)豎斜(xie)方(fang)向(xiang)的(de),證(zheng)明(ming)原來(lai)有(you)椽出頭(tou)。距離陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)較遠的(de)四角(jiao)各有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),其(qi)中東南(nan)(nan)、西南(nan)(nan)的(de)兩座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已坍塌,西南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)尚(shang)可分辨認出臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,相(xiang)距約(yue)(yue)(yue)520米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)連線在雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之前,北面(mian)的(de)2座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距290米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東北角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,坍塌嚴(yan)(yan)重,只有(you)西北處(chu)(chu)的(de)角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保存(cun)(cun)比較完好(hao),殘(can)高(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),但嚴(yan)(yan)重風(feng)化。北邊兩角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)距272米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)(nan)北聯線約(yue)(yue)(yue)460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯(hang)(hang)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)因剝蝕已趨圓柱(zhu)形(xing),底面(mian)周(zhou)(zhou)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。純(chun)凈黃(huang)土夯(hang)(hang)筑,周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)散落著(zhu)大(da)(da)量(liang)紅(hong)褐色板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)殘(can)片(pian)。

安陵

位(wei)(wei)于泰(tai)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)西(xi)(xi)(xi)約(yue)2公里的賀蘭山(shan)山(shan)腳(jiao)下(xia),陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三面(mian)(mian)環山(shan),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)10萬(wan)平方米(mi),坐北(bei)(bei)朝南。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)八(ba)面(mian)(mian)五級(ji),高(gao)(gao)(gao)15米(mi)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園布局與泰(tai)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)相同,由闕(que)(que)臺(tai)、碑(bei)亭、月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、獻殿(dian)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)、墓(mu)道(dao)等(deng)部(bu)(bu)分組成。嫌遺存碑(bei)亭一座。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園南端有東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)2座闕(que)(que)臺(tai),相距70米(mi),由黃沙(sha)土夯筑而成,基(ji)底呈(cheng)方形(xing),邊長(chang)9米(mi),殘高(gao)(gao)(gao)8米(mi)有余(yu)。夯土臺(tai)個別部(bu)(bu)位(wei)(wei)發生坍(tan)塌,闕(que)(que)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)都(dou)有所收縮,頂部(bu)(bu)有臺(tai)基(ji),周(zhou)(zhou)圍散落(luo)著磚、瓦等(deng)建筑材料(liao)。在西(xi)(xi)(xi)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)之后(hou)約(yue)45米(mi)略(lve)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)、在月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之南50米(mi)略(lve)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)的位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)有該(gai)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園內唯一一處碑(bei)亭遺址,堆積(ji)(ji)高(gao)(gao)(gao)約(yue)1米(mi),迎(ying)積(ji)(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)邊長(chang)68米(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)方形(xing)臺(tai)基(ji),邊長(chang)10米(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)平面(mian)(mian)夯土中(zhong)有大(da)青石板、臺(tai)簽(qian),周(zhou)(zhou)圍散落(luo)大(da)量磚瓦、碑(bei)石殘塊。該(gai)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)(ce)相應位(wei)(wei)置(zhi)已經變成廣(guang)場,無法確認(ren)是否曾經存在碑(bei)亭。碑(bei)亭北(bei)(bei)側(ce)(ce)為(wei)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),曾長(chang)期(qi)被(bei)當(dang)地放(fang)羊(yang)人(ren)占(zhan)用,破(po)壞嚴(yan)重。現存墻基(ji)寬約(yue)2米(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)方形(xing),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)90米(mi),南北(bei)(bei)寬40米(mi),南墻正中(zhong)留門,門址兩側(ce)(ce)各殘存加寬的斷(duan)墻,長(chang)約(yue)15米(mi),寬約(yue)3米(mi)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)約(yue)2.5米(mi),黃沙(sha)土夯筑。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內石像生基(ji)址已看不清楚,在二十世紀九十年代(dai)初,此(ci)處地面(mian)(mian)布滿(man)羊(yang)糞,旁(pang)邊不遠處圍有羊(yang)圈,神道(dao)正上(shang)(shang)方還蓋有放(fang)羊(yang)人(ren)居住(zhu)的房子,后(hou)已由當(dang)地政府出面(mian)(mian),借旅游開發之機全部(bu)(bu)整(zheng)頓(dun)拆除。

獻陵

考古調查稱5號(hao)陵(ling)。五號(hao)陵(ling)位于六號(hao)陵(ling)東(dong)約500米,整(zheng)體朝(chao)向為南偏東(dong)15度。整(zheng)個陵(ling)園布局和建筑構成與六號(hao)陵(ling)相似,由闕臺、碑(bei)亭、月城、內(nei)城、獻殿、陵(ling)臺、角(jiao)臺、開口式外神墻等部分(fen)組成。

陵園最南端有(you)(you)(you)(you)2座(zuo)(zuo)闕臺(tai),東西(xi)相對(dui),間距65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)砂(sha)土(tu)夯筑而成(cheng)(cheng)。基(ji)底呈方(fang)形,邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,夯土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)央有(you)(you)(you)(you)數層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)石(shi)塊(kuai)、椽洞(dong)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),間距1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔徑10-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)孔由(you)二根(gen)椽洞(dong)組成(cheng)(cheng)。以1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度為(wei)分(fen)界,夯土(tu)臺(tai)上、下皆向內(nei)收(shou)縮,周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)皆散(san)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塊(kuai)、板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉(liu)璃(li)構件等(deng)建筑材料(liao)。雙闕臺(tai)北側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),其中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)1座(zuo)(zuo),東邊(bian)(bian)(bian)2座(zuo)(zuo)南小北大(da)。兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)各距闕臺(tai)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),二者(zhe)相距55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已(yi)經(jing)(jing)全部清(qing)(qing)理完畢(bi)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)臺(tai)基(ji)呈方(fang)形,邊(bian)(bian)(bian)沿豎宜,臺(tai)基(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)14.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土(tu)夯筑,其中(zhong)(zhong)夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)塊(kuai),夯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)7至10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)。臺(tai)基(ji)皆在(zai)內(nei)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一踏步,斜(xie)長(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)作9級臺(tai)階,臺(tai)基(ji)之(zhi)上以方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌出方(fang)形,邊(bian)(bian)(bian)線已(yi)不(bu)清(qing)(qing),共殘(can)存邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)為(wei)36厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)5塊(kuai)。西(xi)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)(zhong)心有(you)(you)(you)(you)約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)見方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)(zhuan),可能原(yuan)放有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)像(xiang)(xiang)座(zuo)(zuo)。從旁邊(bian)(bian)(bian)清(qing)(qing)理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堆積物中(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you):陶質板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、獸(shou)面瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)當、花(hua)卉滴水,琉(liu)璃(li)筒(tong)(tong)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊飾及灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、碎(sui)殘(can)塊(kuai)、人像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)座(zuo)(zuo)殘(can)塊(kuai)等(deng)。東碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)之(zhi)前約(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)1個小碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),未(wei)經(jing)(jing)清(qing)(qing)理,方(fang)形,臺(tai)基(ji)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)長(chang)約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)堆積物基(ji)本上類似已(yi)經(jing)(jing)清(qing)(qing)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)。在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)以北約(yue)28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)(you)(you)(you)一月(yue)臺(tai)遺址,整體形狀(zhuang)為(wei)東西(xi)長(chang)方(fang)形,長(chang)130米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)城(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong)開門,門址兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)1個方(fang)形土(tu)臺(tai),已(yi)坍(tan)塌,范圍(wei)(wei)不(bu)清(qing)(qing),可能是(shi)門闕,在(zai)夯層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)夾雜著大(da)量(liang)石(shi)塊(kuai)。沿月(yue)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)散(san)見板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、簡瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、滴水等(deng)殘(can)塊(kuai),在(zai)月(yue)城(cheng)東南部墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)內(nei)側(ce)發現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)堆積層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),可能是(shi)原(yuan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面涂抹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色(se)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)皮。靠(kao)南墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)內(nei)側(ce)約(yue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)一段,沿墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)底有(you)(you)(you)(you)豎直(zhi)嵌入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),可能是(shi)原(yuan)來作排水用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。月(yue)城(cheng)神道兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)3列石(shi)像(xiang)(xiang)生基(ji)址,殘(can)存大(da)量(liang)紅砂(sha)巖石(shi)像(xiang)(xiang)生殘(can)塊(kuai),大(da)多風化成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)小碎(sui)塊(kuai),基(ji)寬約(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),間距16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。

月城

北(bei)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)內(nei)城,四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)環繞的補墻(qiang)多已坍塌,從遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)看(kan)近(jin)似(si)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)正中各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)門(men),南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)出地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)半(ban)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)比其他地(di)方(fang)的更寬,周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落著大(da)量建筑(zhu)材料,其它(ta)各門(men)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)圍(wei)亦散(san)見(jian)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建筑(zhu)用材。各轉角處(chu)(chu)(chu)略顯(xian)高(gao)大(da),可(ke)能(neng)原來建有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)角樓(lou)。南(nan)神(shen)(shen)門(men)內(nei)中軸線40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)獻(xian)殿遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已清理,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬15.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)70厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)邊(bian)緣向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)略有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)收分,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯筑(zhu),下部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)層與砂(sha)石(shi)層相(xiang)(xiang)間(jian)(jian)夯筑(zhu),南(nan)部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)踏(ta)(ta)道(dao)(dao),斜長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)踏(ta)(ta)道(dao)(dao)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce),各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)列基(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)像生殘(can)塊,基(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)北(bei)向(xiang)(xiang),南(nan)北(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西寬2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)縱側(ce)砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)。獻(xian)殿清理出的堆積(ji)(ji)物主(zhu)要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)磚(zhuan)、方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)和板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)、灰槽瓦(wa)(wa)及瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水等(deng)遺(yi)物殘(can)塊,以筒瓦(wa)(wa)最多。距(ju)獻(xian)殿約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu),呈(cheng)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)-西北(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang),但方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)擺動不(bu)大(da)。寬6至(zhi)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西北(bei)端(duan)高(gao)大(da),整(zheng)個墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)度(du)介于0.5至(zhi)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間(jian)(jian),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)似(si)魚脊,主(zhu)要為(wei)(wei)砂(sha)石(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。北(bei)端(duan)靠(kao)近(jin)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)盜(dao)坑(keng),直徑約(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),破壞了(le)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)底邊(bian)。內(nei)城西北(bei)處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),四(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)坍塌嚴(yan)重,殘(can)高(gao)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯筑(zhu),各層夯土(tu)(tu)(tu)之間(jian)(jian)夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幾層石(shi)塊,椽洞分布不(bu)勻,夯層的厚(hou)度(du)在8至(zhi)13厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等(deng)。西側(ce)清理的堆積(ji)(ji)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建筑(zhu)用材。從盜(dao)坑(keng)斷面(mian)(mian)(mian)來看(kan),陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)似(si)乎是平(ping)地(di)起建的,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)打(da)地(di)基(ji)(ji)(ji)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)底部(bu)(bu)的外表覆蓋(gai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)泥皮(pi)。位于內(nei)城墻(qiang)外約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)外神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)寬1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)準礫石(shi),最終連通至(zhi)內(nei)城南(nan)墻(qiang)。外神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)到達東(dong)(dong)、西、北(bei)三神(shen)(shen)門(men)處(chu)(chu)(chu),皆向(xiang)(xiang)外凸出一(yi)(yi)個長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)空間(jian)(jian),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,空地(di)內(nei)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)整(zheng),沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其它(ta)遺(yi)跡現象(xiang)。外神(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),已經(jing)全部(bu)(bu)坍塌,北(bei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座(zuo)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)距(ju)340米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)(liang)座(zuo)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)(xiang)距(ju)365米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)還殘(can)存(cun)大(da)約(yue)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的部(bu)(bu)分,方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)夯土(tu)(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯土(tu)(tu)(tu)中央有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)塊,周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落部(bu)(bu)分建筑(zhu)材料,其余三座(zuo)角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)存(cun)均不(bu)超(chao)過1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。

顯陵

考古調查稱6號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)。六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)是西夏王陵(ling)(ling)當中截(jie)至(zhi)2014年唯一一個(ge)打開地宮進行發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)遺址,在(zai)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)時候該陵(ling)(ling)址的(de)(de)(de)編號(hao)為八(ba)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)。六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)位于陵(ling)(ling)區中部偏西,依賀蘭山而建,整(zheng)體朝(chao)向(xiang)為南偏東15度,整(zheng)個(ge)陵(ling)(ling)園由闕臺、碑亭、月城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)、獻殿(dian)、墓(mu)道、陵(ling)(ling)臺、角臺等部分組成(cheng)。

陵園南端有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2座闕(que)臺(tai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相(xiang)對(dui),間距為65米(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)夯土(tu)筑成(cheng),基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)部(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)方形,邊長9米(mi)(mi)(mi),高7.1米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),以土(tu)坯砌成(cheng),殘(can)高1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上及四周散落(luo)著(zhu)大量(liang)磚(zhuan)瓦等建(jian)筑材料。闕(que)臺(tai)北側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2座碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,這2處遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相(xiang)對(dui),東(dong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)近方形,長22米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬21米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)四周以條磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)5級(ji)逐漸收縮的臺(tai)階,高2.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)長19米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬18米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)上有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)1個圓(yuan)形基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)址,地面(mian)(mian)鋪方磚(zhuan),西(xi)(xi)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)斜坡踏(ta)步。在東(dong)側(ce)(ce)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭周圍(wei)發現大量(liang)西(xi)(xi)夏文、漢文碑(bei)(bei)(bei)殘(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)及磚(zhuan)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai),但卻沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)瓦片。西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)近似方形,長16米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬15米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)四面(mian)(mian)外壁用(yong)碎石(shi)(shi)縱向砌成(cheng),臺(tai)面(mian)(mian)鋪方磚(zhuan),以自然扁平(ping)石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)為柱(zhu)礎。堆積(ji)(ji)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)磚(zhuan)、瓦、鴟吻等建(jian)筑材料,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩側(ce)(ce)正(zheng)中均有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)斜坡踏(ta)道,堆積(ji)(ji)巾發現有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)西(xi)(xi)夏文碑(bei)(bei)(bei)殘(can)塊(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)。碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭北側(ce)(ce)為月城(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長100米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北寬45米(mi)(mi)(mi),正(zheng)小有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)門,月城(cheng)內神道兩側(ce)(ce)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩列石(shi)(shi)像生基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)址。

月(yue)城北(bei)側為內(nei)(nei)(nei)城,呈南北(bei)長(chang)方(fang)形,南北(bei)長(chang)183米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)134米(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)段(duan)夯筑(zhu)(zhu),殘高(gao)(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi),南神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)正中有(you)(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)、門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)均有(you)(you)(you)(you)3條(tiao)斜(xie)坡式踏(ta)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),每條(tiao)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),用(yong)(yong)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鑲砌,門(men)(men)址內(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)散落(luo)著(zhu)大(da)(da)量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)、鴟吻等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)(yong)材。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)(wai)三面(mian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)正中也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),但(dan)(dan)門(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)側用(yong)(yong)土坯砌成高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)堵墻(qiang)(qiang),看起來(lai)無法通(tong)行。位于南神(shen)(shen)(shen)門(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)(nei)偏(pian)西(xi)位置有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)獻殿遺址,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)為東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)方(fang)形,高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)90厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)面(mian)以(yi)方(fang)形花(hua)紋磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌之(zhi),殘缺不(bu)全,底端可見柱礎。內(nei)(nei)(nei)城西(xi)北(bei)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)座陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),用(yong)(yong)黃沙土夯筑(zhu)(zhu),八角(jiao)形,底面(mian)邊長(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)成7級,從下(xia)至上逐級收縮,原建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)底部(bu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)包磚(zhuan)(zhuan),其(qi)中幾層涂有(you)(you)(you)(you)紅泥(ni)。陡臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)每層出槽,形狀看起來(lai)像(xiang)是浮圖。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)后部(bu)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)。該(gai)陵(ling)園(yuan)的(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)呈30度斜(xie)坡,水平(ping)長(chang)度49米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)西(xi)兩壁(bi)(bi)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)上下(xia)二(er)列(lie)與墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)相平(ping)行的(de)(de)椽洞,相距(ju)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)基(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)表面(mian)做有(you)(you)(you)(you)草拌泥(ni),但(dan)(dan)不(bu)甚光整,但(dan)(dan)多(duo)已剝蝕,并沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)繪制壁(bi)(bi)畫。甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)前發現有(you)(you)(you)(you)散亂的(de)(de)圓木和(he)(he)朽木板,可能是用(yong)(yong)于封閉甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口的(de)(de)。南道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)兩壁(bi)(bi)繪有(you)(you)(you)(you)武士(shi)修番一(yi)(yi)幅,但(dan)(dan)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)已遭破(po)壞。武士(shi)像(xiang)臉面(mian)朝甬(yong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)口,南道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)以(yi)北(bei)直到(dao)(dao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)全部(bu)被(bei)盜坑(keng)破(po)壞。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)距(ju)地(di)表將(jiang)近25米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)主室(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)左(zuo)右配(pei)室(shi)(shi)(shi),中室(shi)(shi)(shi)前寬(kuan)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),后寬(kuan)7.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)長(chang)5.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壁(bi)(bi)和(he)(he)頂部(bu)已經被(bei)破(po)壞,左(zuo)右配(pei)室(shi)(shi)(shi)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi),過道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)為窿夸頂,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)壁(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)護地(di)板痕跡(ji),空間較小。中室(shi)(shi)(shi)充滿淤泥(ni)及回填盜坑(keng)時的(de)(de)大(da)(da)石塊(kuai)(kuai)和(he)(he)陵(ling)園(yuan)地(di)面(mian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)石雕,室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)發現葬具。該(gai)陵(ling)園(yuan)的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)距(ju)離內(nei)(nei)(nei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)南端通(tong)到(dao)(dao)碑亭,以(yi)石塊(kuai)(kuai)壘成。此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)陵(ling)園(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4座角(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),總(zong)共4座,是兆域的(de)(de)標界,基(ji)部(bu)呈方(fang)形,邊長(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)7米(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍散落(luo)著(zhu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料。

壽陵

考古調查稱7號陵。七號陵在陵區北(bei)部,距離五號陵約1.5公里,在柏油馬路(lu)以南約200米。陵園(yuan)大部分(fen)為(wei)現代住房和場院(yuan)侵占,破壞(huai)嚴重,陵園(yuan)建(jian)筑(zhu)僅剩下雙闕臺、雙碑(bei)亭、月城、內城的(de)南神墻(qiang)和西神墻(qiang)、陵臺及西南角臺、外神墻(qiang)的(de)一部分(fen)。

位(wei)于(yu)陵園南(nan)(nan)端有(you)(you)2座(zuo)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi),東(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)對,距(ju)離70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、雙闕周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)皆(jie)已(yi)(yi)坍塌,邊(bian)長(chang)難(nan)以測(ce)量,高約(yue)7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),平頂(ding)處(chu)攀上(shang)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu),煙臺(tai)(tai)(tai)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)見(jian)磚瓦(wa)建筑(zhu)材料。位(wei)于(yu)雙闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)以北約(yue)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)城(cheng)以南(nan)(nan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的位(wei)置有(you)(you)2處(chu)碑(bei)亭遺址(zhi),皆(jie)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)過清(qing)(qing)理,高2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基呈正方形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)長(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)殘存(cun)大量磚、瓦(wa)、石(shi)碑(bei)殘塊(kuai),在清(qing)(qing)理后發現西(xi)夏(xia)文殘塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai),漢(han)文碑(bei)殘塊(kuai)51塊(kuai)。月(yue)城(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)碑(bei)亭北側(ce),呈東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing),東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)125米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北寬45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)城(cheng)內全部(bu)(bu)被(bei)破壞,依稀可辯神(shen)道兩側(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)2列石(shi)像生(sheng)基址(zhi),相(xiang)距(ju)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。內城(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)月(yue)城(cheng)北側(ce),近似(si)方形(xing)(xing)(xing),東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)(nan)北寬180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內城(cheng)除南(nan)(nan)神(shen)墻(qiang)、西(xi)神(shen)墻(qiang)殘存(cun)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)外(wai)(wai),其余基本都被(bei)破壞,墻(qiang)寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯筑(zhu)而成(cheng),夯層厚度為10-12厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)等。獻殿(dian)和(he)墓道封土皆(jie)己不(bu)存(cun)在,地面已(yi)(yi)經(jing)成(cheng)為一(yi)片場地。位(wei)于(yu)內城(cheng)偏西(xi)處(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)座(zuo)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai),八角形(xing)(xing)(xing),分(fen)(fen)作7級,從下(xia)至上(shang)逐(zhu)級收縮(suo),出(chu)檐結(jie)構明顯。陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)在二十(shi)世(shi)紀九十(shi)年代時被(bei)改建為場地和(he)庫房。從陵園西(xi)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)殘存(cun)有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)外(wai)(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang),從其走向看大致為封閉式。殘存(cun)的外(wai)(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)寬約(yue)1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯筑(zhu),但(dan)因破壞嚴重,總寬度和(he)長(chang)度皆(jie)不(bu)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)無法看出(chu),內外(wai)(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)相(xiang)距(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在陵園的西(xi)北角,緊挨外(wai)(wai)神(shen)墻(qiang)邊(bian)側(ce)有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)已(yi)(yi)經(jing)坍塌的角臺(tai)(tai)(tai),該角臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的位(wei)置在月(yue)城(cheng)中部(bu)(bu)連線(xian)的延長(chang)線(xian)上(shang),由黃土夯筑(zhu)而成(cheng)。

在清(qing)理東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)亭(ting)時,共(gong)發(fa)現西(xi)(xi)夏文碑(bei)殘(can)塊1265塊。其中部分殘(can)塊經(jing)過整理,其上的西(xi)(xi)夏文可(ke)譯為(wei)(wei):“大白高國(guo)護城圣德至繳(jiao)皇帝壽陵(ling)志(zhi)銘(ming)”,史籍記載壽陵(ling)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)夏第五代(dai)皇帝仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝之陵(ling)號,可(ke)以確定該陵(ling)為(wei)(wei)壽陵(ling)。

莊陵

考古調查稱8號(hao)陵(ling),墓(mu)主李純(chun)祐(1177年~1206年)為仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝長子。八號(hao)陵(ling)位于(yu)陵(ling)區北部(bu),僅存1座陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)。在(zai)(zai)九號(hao)陵(ling)場塌裂(lie)的(de)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)之西約(yue)300米(mi),在(zai)(zai)七號(hao)陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)西北約(yue)300米(mi),陵(ling)園其(qi)它(ta)建筑已(yi)經全部(bu)被(bei)破(po)壞,二十(shi)世紀(ji)九十(shi)年代初(chu),陵(ling)園被(bei)現代住(zhu)房、道路(lu)、廣場侵占(zhan),當時陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)就在(zai)(zai)一(yi)排住(zhu)房之后(hou)的(de)一(yi)片樹林中、陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)頂部(bu)修(xiu)有(you)水塔,水塔后(hou)被(bei)拆除。

康陵

考古調查稱9號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)。九號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)在陵(ling)(ling)(ling)邑宗廟遺(yi)址以(yi)西約(yue)500米,七號陵(ling)(ling)(ling)以(yi)北約(yue)300米,陵(ling)(ling)(ling)園遭到現代建筑的徹底毀壞(huai),地面建筑僅(jin)剩一(yi)座毀壞(huai)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)臺,夯土僅(jin)剩三分之(zhi)一(yi)。

康陵(ling)墓主李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),為仁宗(zong)仁孝弟(di)越王仁友之子(zi),崇(chong)宗(zong)乾(qian)順(shun)之孫。西夏(xia)桓宗(zong)天慶十(shi)二年(nian)(1205年(nian)),與桓宗(zong)母羅氏(shi)合謀廢(fei)(fei)桓宗(zong)自(zi)立,改元應天。六月(yue),羅氏(shi)為子(zi)請(qing)封(feng)冊于(yu)金,金冊封(feng)為夏(xia)國王。蒙(meng)古多次用兵(bing)西夏(xia),并(bing)破克夷(yi)門,進圍中興府。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)親自(zi)登城激(ji)勵將士守御。蒙(meng)古兵(bing)引黃河水灌城,城中居(ju)民(min)淹(yan)死極多。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)遣(qian)使乞(qi)援(yuan)于(yu)金,金拒絕出兵(bing)。李安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)只得向蒙(meng)古納(na)女請(qing)和(he),夏(xia)金關系(xi)趨于(yu)破裂。西夏(xia)光定元年(nian)(1211年(nian))夏(xia)齊王遵環(huan)廢(fei)(fei)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)自(zi)立。同年(nian)8月(yue)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)死,年(nian)42歲,謚靜穆皇帝,廟號襄宗(zong),墓號康陵(ling)。

交通

1.市(shi)區(qu)可以先乘2路(lu)(lu)、4路(lu)(lu)、18路(lu)(lu)公交車(che)(che)到新(xin)市(shi)區(qu),然后包(bao)車(che)(che)前去(qu)。包(bao)車(che)(che)價(jia)格(ge)為(wei)(wei)面(mian)的30元(yuan)。銀川旅(lv)游汽車(che)(che)站(北門汽車(che)(che)站)每天有車(che)(che)發(fa)往(wang)西夏(xia)王陵(ling)(冬季(ji)、夏(xia)季(ji)無班車(che)(che)),發(fa)車(che)(che)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)8:30、9:30,返回時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)13:30、15:30,票價(jia)9元(yuan)/人,行程(cheng)約70分鐘。

2.銀川市區南(nan)門汽車(che)站、北門旅游汽車(che)站及南(nan)關清(qing)真寺均有發(fa)往西夏王陵的(de)旅游班車(che),票(piao)價8元左右,但間(jian)隔較長,視客流而定,在1至(zhi)2小(xiao)時之間(jian)。

3.自駕車較為方便,由(you)市區內北京路向西到頭,丁字路口向南拐上110國道,直行(xing)10公里路西即到,景區設(she)有面積很大(da)的停車場(chang)。

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