簡介
西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)位于寧夏(xia)回族(zu)自(zi)治區銀(yin)川市西(xi)(xi)(xi)部30公(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)賀(he)蘭山東(dong)麓,陵(ling)(ling)區北(bei)(bei)起泉齊溝,南至銀(yin)巴公(gong)(gong)路,南北(bei)(bei)長(chang)約(yue)10公(gong)(gong)里(li);東(dong)臨(lin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)干渠,西(xi)(xi)(xi)靠賀(he)蘭山,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬約(yue)5公(gong)(gong)里(li),總占地(di)(di)(di)面積約(yue)為50平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。陵(ling)(ling)區位于賀(he)蘭山中段(duan)南段(duan)東(dong)側,為山前洪(hong)積扇地(di)(di)(di)帶,海拔1150-1220米(mi)(mi)。地(di)(di)(di)表遍布礫石(shi)和(he)(he)粗(cu)砂,地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)承(cheng)重力大,保水性差,自(zi)然排(pai)水條件(jian)好。良好的(de)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)使西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)成功渡過了西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)(di)區歷史(shi)上的(de)多場大地(di)(di)(di)震。陵(ling)(ling)園所處(chu)位置常年(nian)降水量偏(pian)少,山洪(hong)暴發的(de)可能性很低,利于陵(ling)(ling)園的(de)整(zheng)體(ti)保護。初建時每個陵(ling)(ling)園均有(you)地(di)(di)(di)下陵(ling)(ling)寢、墓室(shi)、地(di)(di)(di)面建筑和(he)(he)園林,獨立占地(di)(di)(di)都(dou)在10萬平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)左右(you),形(xing)制與(yu)布局大體(ti)相同(tong)。
西夏(xia)(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)共有9座(zuo)(zuo),根據1990年(nian)所編號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼,一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)(hao)、三(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、五(wu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、七號(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)九號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)位于平(ping)原之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),四(si)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、六號(hao)(hao)(hao)和(he)八號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則(ze)依山(shan)而建。每一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)均坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南,呈縱向長(chang)方形,占地(di)面積達(da)10萬平(ping)方米(mi)以上(shang)。這些(xie)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)外(wai)郭(guo)形制雖然(ran)有開(kai)口式(shi)、封閉式(shi)和(he)無外(wai)郭(guo)式(shi)三(san)種,內部結構(gou)卻大體相(xiang)同,分(fen)為角(jiao)臺、闕臺、月城(cheng)(cheng)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)四(si)部分(fen)。這些(xie)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)外(wai)郭(guo)或宮城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)長(chang)寬比例都在(zai)1.5:1.7之(zhi)(zhi)間,與史(shi)籍記載(zai)(zai)的(de)興(xing)慶(qing)府城(cheng)(cheng)郭(guo)的(de)長(chang)寬比大致相(xiang)當(dang)。史(shi)籍當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記載(zai)(zai)西夏(xia)(xia)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)有名號(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)也(ye)只有9座(zuo)(zuo),而神宗李(li)遵頊、獻宗李(li)德旺(wang)、末主(zhu)李(li)晛的(de)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)史(shi)籍沒有記載(zai)(zai),可(ke)能(neng)存在(zai)的(de)其余三(san)座(zuo)(zuo)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)則(ze)或許由(you)于西夏(xia)(xia)末年(nian)兵荒馬(ma)亂而并未建造,也(ye)有可(ke)能(neng)在(zai)二十(shi)世紀六十(shi)年(nian)代被(bei)當(dang)地(di)某建筑單(dan)位夷平(ping)。在(zai)這些(xie)帝(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)4個區域,集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布著至少254座(zuo)(zuo)陪葬墓(mu)。在(zai)陪葬墓(mu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)七號(hao)(hao)(hao)、八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)一(yi)帶,考(kao)古(gu)人員(yuan)清理出(chu)1座(zuo)(zuo)西夏(xia)(xia)祖廟的(de)遺址。
此(ci)外,九(jiu)座(zuo)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)存(cun)碑亭(ting)遺址共(gong)16處(chu),其中一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二(er)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)各3座(zuo),三(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),四(si)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)現(xian)只存(cun)1座(zuo)西(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting),五號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)3座(zuo),六號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo),七(qi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)2座(zuo)。八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)除陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)塔外,所(suo)有地面建(jian)筑均被夷(yi)平,故碑亭(ting)已(yi)不存(cun)。按照西(xi)(xi)夏陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)其他(ta)帝陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園建(jian)筑規制、布局,估計八號(hao)(hao)(hao)、九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)原來至少(shao)各有2座(zuo)碑亭(ting)。九(jiu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)西(xi)(xi)碑亭(ting)曾于二(er)十世紀(ji)七(qi)十年代某單(dan)位基建(jian)時出土(tu)了(le)4件雕像(xiang)石碑座(zuo)。
陵(ling)區北部(bu)(bu)偏東,有(you)(you)一座規(gui)模較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)陵(ling)邑(yi)性質的(de)建筑遺址(zhi)。遺址(zhi)內廣場(chang)、道(dao)路、院(yuan)(yuan)落、水(shui)井和房(fang)屋等(deng)遺跡都清(qing)晰可見,布局十分規(gui)范整齊(qi),總面積近10萬平方米。四周筑有(you)(you)夯(hang)土城(cheng)(cheng)墻。城(cheng)(cheng)內分前、中(zhong)(zhong)、后(hou)(hou)三個部(bu)(bu)分,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)和后(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)的(de)正中(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)有(you)(you)一座規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)的(de)殿堂(tang),其(qi)他(ta)建筑多集中(zhong)(zhong)在城(cheng)(cheng)的(de)前部(bu)(bu)和中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu),并組成一座座封閉式庭院(yuan)(yuan)。遺址(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)發掘出大(da)(da)批色(se)澤鮮艷的(de)綠色(se)琉(liu)璃板(ban)瓦、筒(tong)瓦、瓦當、滴水(shui)、脊獸、鴟(chi)吻和其(qi)他(ta)建筑裝飾(shi)構件,如乳白色(se)或青白色(se)帶有(you)(you)冰裂紋的(de)小白瓷板(ban)瓦、側邊有(you)(you)黑色(se)釉(you)的(de)牛(niu)郎合瓦、精雕細琢的(de)石刻(ke)。
陵(ling)邑(yi)附近,西(xi)干渠西(xi)岸、昊王渠及其東西(xi)兩側的自然岡丘上,由北向南分布著一系列西(xi)夏(xia)窯(yao)址(zhi),綿延七(qi)八公里,計幾十(shi)余處之多。其中有燒制(zhi)方磚(zhuan)、長方磚(zhuan)、條磚(zhuan)、板筒瓦(wa)、瓦(wa)當(dang)、滴水、琉(liu)璃飾件等建材(cai)的磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)窯(yao)和石灰(hui)窯(yao)。據研究人員(yuan)推測,該窯(yao)址(zhi)為專門燒制(zhi)西(xi)夏(xia)王陵(ling)建筑材(cai)料而建。
除(chu)此九大陵(ling)區外,另有神宗李(li)(li)遵頊、獻宗李(li)(li)德(de)旺(wang)、末(mo)主李(li)(li)晛等獨立陵(ling)區。
主要陵區
綜述
截至2014年,西(xi)夏王(wang)陵(ling)遺(yi)址共確(que)認(ren)出西(xi)夏帝陵(ling)9座,陵(ling)邑遺(yi)址1座,陪葬(zang)(zang)墓254座,窯(yao)址幾十處,祖(zu)廟1座,除7號陵(ling)和(he)182號陪葬(zang)(zang)墓外(wai),其余墓葬(zang)(zang)的墓主(zhu)人尚無法(fa)得到最(zui)終確(que)認(ren)。
裕陵
陵區(qu)坐北朝南,方向南偏東15度。地面建筑(zhu)基(ji)本全部(bu)變成(cheng)廢(fei)墟(xu)。整個陵園為封閉式外神墻(qiang)包圍,墻(qiang)外有角臺(tai)(tai),陵園內(nei)從南到北有闕臺(tai)(tai)、碑亭(ting)、月城(cheng)(cheng)、內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng);內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)中有獻殿、墓道、陵臺(tai)(tai)等建筑(zhu)。
該陵園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)外(wai)城已經全部倒(dao)塌,呈南北(bei)長方形,南北(bei)長360米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)寬(kuan)250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);南墻(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)中(zhong)留(liu)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)道(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)約(yue)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其余(yu)三面(mian)封閉,墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)為夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)實(shi)心(xin),外(wai)表(biao)包(bao)砌石(shi)(shi)塊(kuai),厚度在(zai)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。陵園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南端外(wai)神門(men)內(nei)(nei)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)建有(you)(you)(you)東西(xi)相對的(de)2座闕臺(tai),彼此相距(ju)(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)黃(huang)沙質(zhi)夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)筑成,基(ji)底呈正(zheng)方形,每邊長8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。現殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存(cun)平(ping)頂(ding),周圍殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存(cun)板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)片以(yi)及(ji)磚塊(kuai)、褐紅泥皮堆(dui)(dui)積(ji)。陵園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)三座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺(yi)址(zhi),其中(zhong)在(zai)東側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)2座,西(xi)側(ce)(ce)有(you)(you)(you)1座。靠北(bei)的(de)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)東西(xi)兩(liang)(liang)座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)相對,距(ju)(ju)離闕臺(tai)各(ge)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)(liang)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)相距(ju)(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存(cun)臺(tai)基(ji)約(yue)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)邊長10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存(cun)鋪地磚,臺(tai)基(ji)周圍被倒(dao)塌的(de)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)磚亂瓦(wa)(wa)及(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)(shi)填起,堆(dui)(dui)積(ji)呈圓臺(tai)型,堆(dui)(dui)積(ji)之(zhi)上及(ji)其周圍散布(bu)大量磚瓦(wa)(wa)、石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)(bei)碎(sui)塊(kuai),還有(you)(you)(you)少量琉璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa)和槽心(xin)瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)。東碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)比西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)略高(gao),其他情況與西(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)類似(si)。東碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)南側(ce)(ce)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)1座小碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting),堆(dui)(dui)積(ji)高(gao)約(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正(zheng)方形臺(tai)基(ji),邊長約(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其他殘(can)(can)(can)(can)骸與另兩(liang)(liang)座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)類似(si)。在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)以(yi)北(bei)約(yue)110米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)月城遺(yi)址(zhi),神墻(qiang)(qiang)多已倒(dao)塌,門(men)址(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存(cun)一(yi)段較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)。月城的(de)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)為黃(huang)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)筑,夯(hang)層厚8至13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等,月城內(nei)(nei)神道(dao)(dao)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)(ce)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)列石(shi)(shi)像(xiang)生遺(yi)址(zhi),間距(ju)(ju)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),石(shi)(shi)像(xiang)生殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)已很難找(zhao)到。
月(yue)城(cheng)以北(bei)(bei)為內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)遺址(zhi),該遺址(zhi)呈(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方形,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)115米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西長(chang)(chang)(chang)200米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。四面(mian)(mian)以神墻(qiang)(qiang)環繞,南(nan)端(duan)距(ju)(ju)離外(wai)城(cheng)137米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)、西、北(bei)(bei)三面(mian)(mian)均相距(ju)(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)。墻(qiang)(qiang)基寬約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃沙土(tu)(tu)分(fen)段夯筑(zhu)(zhu),殘存最高(gao)(gao)可達(da)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)余。南(nan)神門遺址(zhi)寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)大(da)量(liang)磚(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)以及琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、槽心瓦(wa)(wa)殘塊。門址(zhi)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)墻(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)加(jia)寬,另外(wai)3面(mian)(mian)神墻(qiang)(qiang)正中(zhong)亦辟門,都散(san)(san)見(jian)(jian)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa),門道暢通。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)四個轉(zhuan)角處(chu)夯土(tu)(tu)皆(jie)殘存較多(duo),均有(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)散(san)(san)布(bu)。在(zai)南(nan)神門內(nei)(nei)偏西約(yue)(yue)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)有(you)一處(chu)獻(xian)(xian)殿遺址(zhi),殘存臺(tai)(tai)基為東(dong)(dong)(dong)西向(xiang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方形,臺(tai)(tai)面(mian)(mian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其上及周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)(san)見(jian)(jian)大(da)量(liang)磚(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)、琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、槽心瓦(wa)(wa)、脊(ji)飾等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)。從(cong)遺址(zhi)堆積分(fen)析,獻(xian)(xian)殿的風格疑似為歇山式殿堂。在(zai)獻(xian)(xian)殿之后約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)為墓道封(feng)土(tu)(tu),成(cheng)魚脊(ji)形狀隆起,東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)低西北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao),除砂礫填土(tu)(tu)外(wai),表面(mian)(mian)多(duo)較大(da)的石塊,其末端(duan)已經被破壞。墓道封(feng)土(tu)(tu)北(bei)(bei)端(duan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)側(ce)(ce)約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)近距(ju)(ju)陵臺(tai)(tai)的地方有(you)1處(chu)鐘虡遺址(zhi),僅剩高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底(di)面(mian)(mian)邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的夯土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai),其周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)(san)見(jian)(jian)琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)陵園內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西北(bei)(bei)有(you)1處(chu)陵臺(tai)(tai),該陵臺(tai)(tai)距(ju)(ju)離北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),距(ju)(ju)離西墻(qiang)(qiang)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)形呈(cheng)(cheng)八(ba)角形,分(fen)七個層(ceng)次,每層(ceng)向(xiang)內(nei)(nei)收(shou)分(fen),頂部(bu)趨尖。陵臺(tai)(tai)夯土(tu)(tu)周(zhou)身有(you)椽洞,洞孔隨收(shou)分(fen)成(cheng)層(ceng)分(fen)布(bu),其孔徑10至30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng),陵臺(tai)(tai)周(zhou)圍(wei)數布(bu)大(da)量(liang)青(qing)磚(zhuan)、灰瓦(wa)(wa)及琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)(wa)、糟心瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)。在(zai)外(wai)神墻(qiang)(qiang)的外(wai)側(ce)(ce)有(you)4處(chu)角臺(tai)(tai),外(wai)形呈(cheng)(cheng)覆斗型(xing),高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。前(qian)角臺(tai)(tai)緊靠外(wai)神墻(qiang)(qiang),其連線跨(kua)越月(yue)城(cheng)中(zhong)央。臺(tai)(tai)體(ti)為底(di)邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的夯土(tu)(tu)筑(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng),均坍(tan)塌嚴重(zhong),周(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)等(deng)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao),后角臺(tai)(tai)在(zai)外(wai)神墻(qiang)(qiang)轉(zhuan)角外(wai)側(ce)(ce)。
嘉陵
號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)。陵(ling)主李(li)(li)德明(ming),李(li)(li)繼遷之(zhi)長子,系(xi)西夏(xia)皇帝李(li)(li)元(yuan)昊之(zhi)父(fu)。墓號(hao)(hao)(hao)嘉陵(ling)。二號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)位于一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)西北部約30米的位置處。地面建筑基本全部變成(cheng)(cheng)廢墟。其(qi)除四周角臺殘存(cun)高度(du)比一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)略低之(zhi)外,其(qi)余殘存(cun)情況、整體架構、建筑組成(cheng)(cheng)、地理朝(chao)向等均(jun)與一(yi)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)類似。
泰陵
落在一片開闊(kuo)地上,其(qi)(qi)西南約3公(gong)(gong)里遠(yuan)處(chu)為(wei)一號(hao)(hao)(hao)、二號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)(qi)北約1.5公(gong)(gong)里為(wei)五號(hao)(hao)(hao)、六號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling),其(qi)(qi)西約2公(gong)(gong)里則為(wei)四號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)。三(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)園(yuan)坐北朝南,方(fang)向南偏東55度。地面建(jian)(jian)筑被嚴重(zhong)破壞。整座陵(ling)園(yuan)從南到北由角臺、闕臺、碑亭、月(yue)城、內城、獻(xian)殿、墓道(dao)封土(tu)、陵(ling)臺等共同組成(cheng)。2000年(nian)10月(yue)至(zhi)11月(yue)、2001年(nian)4月(yue)至(zhi)6月(yue)以及2001年(nian)9月(yue)至(zhi)10月(yue),考古(gu)人員(yuan)對(dui)三(san)號(hao)(hao)(hao)陵(ling)園(yuan)建(jian)(jian)筑遺址進行了(le)三(san)次大規(gui)模考古(gu)發掘,揭露面積2萬(wan)多(duo)平方(fang)米。
陵(ling)園南(nan)端(duan)左右兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)1座(zuo)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi)(zhi),兩(liang)座(zuo)遺址(zhi)(zhi)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)相距約120米(mi)(mi),由純(chun)凈黃(huang)土筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成(cheng)。東闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長約8米(mi)(mi),高(gao)約8米(mi)(mi),上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)向內(nei)(nei)收,頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)一較(jiao)小的(de)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)和周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落有(you)大量(liang)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殘(can)(can)(can)塊,經過(guo)細致發掘(jue)(jue)后發現根(gen)部(bu)(bu)(bu)已經被(bei)掏空。西(xi)(xi)(xi)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已剝落成(cheng)2層圓臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)高(gao)6.8米(mi)(mi)。周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落磚(zhuan)瓦殘(can)(can)(can)塊等建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料。位于雙(shuang)闕(que)(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)北約50米(mi)(mi)有(you)2座(zuo)碑亭(ting)遺址(zhi)(zhi)。碑亭(ting)東西(xi)(xi)(xi)相對,間距120米(mi)(mi),已經全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)被(bei)發掘(jue)(jue)。其中(zhong)(zhong)東碑亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長21.5米(mi)(mi),夯(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)土臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)四周(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)扭繩紋長方形(xing)(xing)(xing)磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)三級逐漸(jian)收縮的(de)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)階,高(gao)2.35米(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)而為(wei)圓角方形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長15.5米(mi)(mi),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)一圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)址(zhi)(zhi),直(zhi)徑13.4米(mi)(mi),室內(nei)(nei)直(zhi)徑7.5米(mi)(mi),其外(wai)為(wei)寬(kuan)2.85米(mi)(mi)的(de)墻基(ji),室內(nei)(nei)鋪(pu)方磚(zhuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)殘(can)(can)(can)存3個(ge)人像石座(zuo)。周(zhou)(zhou)圍(wei)有(you)大量(liang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)夏(xia)文碑殘(can)(can)(can)塊及銅鈴鐺、甲片等建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料。碑亭(ting)南(nan)面開(kai)門(men),門(men)內(nei)(nei)有(you)25塊方形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)紋磚(zhuan)呈方形(xing)(xing)(xing)排列,門(men)外(wai)延伸出斜坡式踏(ta)道。在西(xi)(xi)(xi)、北兩(liang)邊(bian)(bian)側(ce)有(you)5座(zuo)灶(zao)(zao)坑,灶(zao)(zao)坑鑿穿了(le)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji),內(nei)(nei)壁堅硬,有(you)很重的(de)煙痕,坑內(nei)(nei)堆積(ji)與(yu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)堆積(ji)的(de)殘(can)(can)(can)塊種(zhong)類相同(tong)。發掘(jue)(jue)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用磚(zhuan)最多(duo),數量(liang)驚人,卻(que)極少見列瓦片。由于破壞燒毀嚴重,屋頂的(de)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格已無法推(tui)測(ce)。富有(you)物(wu)征(zheng)的(de)花(hua)紋磚(zhuan),圖(tu)案達8種(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)。粗(cu)繩紋磚(zhuan)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)在凹(ao)槽內(nei)(nei)有(you)1漢字,如李(li)、牛、言、五等漢字姓氏或(huo)記號,表明了(le)營建陵(ling)園過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)曾有(you)漢族工匠參與(yu)。
西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)亭(ting)堆積(ji)高約3米(mi),表(biao)面布滿殘(can)(can)磚(zhuan)塊,其間(jian)生(sheng)有雜草,堆積(ji)范圍(wei)在(zai)1000平方米(mi)左右。在(zai)發掘過(guo)后,西(xi)(xi)碑(bei)亭(ting)上方加蓋了簡易保護棚,東碑(bei)亭(ting)已用砂土封蓋。碑(bei)亭(ting)北側有一處月(yue)(yue)(yue)城遺址(zhi)(zhi),該遺址(zhi)(zhi)呈東西(xi)(xi)長方形,東西(xi)(xi)長約130米(mi),南北寬約50米(mi)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)城筑(zhu)于陵城南面,由東墻、南墻、西(xi)(xi)墻圍(wei)成(cheng),南墻中(zhong)部辟門,月(yue)(yue)(yue)城東墻、西(xi)(xi)墻北接陵城的南墻。月(yue)(yue)(yue)城內東部、西(xi)(xi)部各有兩(liang)列(lie)南北向的石像生(sheng)基址(zhi)(zhi)殘(can)(can)跡,兩(liang)列(lie)基址(zhi)(zhi)東西(xi)(xi)間(jian)距8.8米(mi),神道兩(liang)側的基址(zhi)(zhi)東西(xi)(xi)間(jian)距32米(mi)。墻垣夯土版筑(zhu),基寬2.45至2.55米(mi),夯層厚0.07至0.1米(mi),墻體(ti)殘(can)(can)高多(duo)不到(dao)1米(mi)。
月城(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)側(ce)為(wei)內城(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址(zhi),四面(mian)用神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)環繞,呈(cheng)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東西(xi)寬160米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。占(zhan)地約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)40畝(mu)。神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)中部較(jiao)(jiao)窄,靠近轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)漸寬大(da)(da),純凈黃土(tu)(tu)分(fen)段夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)而(er)成(cheng),中部每段約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)高約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),比較(jiao)(jiao)平齊(qi),各(ge)段如須彌座(zuo)(zuo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四處(chu)(chu)(chu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)皆很高大(da)(da),類(lei)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),從各(ge)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)往神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)兩側(ce),連(lian)體(ti)(ti)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)愈來(lai)愈矮小,各(ge)有(you)5個(ge),共40個(ge)。其(qi)殘(can)存最(zui)高達(da)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang),最(zui)低(di)的3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),發現(xian)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)5個(ge)連(lian)體(ti)(ti)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)周圍皆有(you)磚瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)存。內城(cheng)(cheng)四面(mian)神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)皆正中辟門,門址(zhi)寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),地面(mian)散(san)(san)布瓦(wa)(wa)片(pian)、脊飾(shi)殘(can)塊等(deng)。根(gen)據統計,內城(cheng)(cheng)坍(tan)塌(ta)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)在2002年時已達(da)189.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)總長度的27.8%。南(nan)(nan)神(shen)門內約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西(xi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)獻殿遺(yi)址(zhi)。根(gen)據考古發掘情況看,可能原(yuan)為(wei)一(yi)正方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)周長65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堆(dui)積(ji)厚約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基以純凈黃土(tu)(tu)墊起,其(qi)上(shang)及周圍殘(can)存大(da)(da)量(liang)青磚灰瓦(wa)(wa)及琉(liu)璃構件。獻殿之(zhi)后約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)為(wei)墓(mu)道封土(tu)(tu),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)42米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈(cheng)東南(nan)(nan)——西(xi)北(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)似魚(yu)脊,以砂石填充(chong)。其(qi)末端(duan)為(wei)盜坑,盜坑直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深(shen)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。坑內長有(you)若干小樹,兩側(ce)有(you)土(tu)(tu)堆(dui)。內城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)隅有(you)一(yi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),八角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing),高約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)7級,每級向(xiang)(xiang)內收(shou)分(fen)。陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)收(shou)分(fen)處(chu)(chu)(chu)及周圍地面(mian)散(san)(san)布大(da)(da)量(liang)瓦(wa)(wa)片(pian)、瓦(wa)(wa)當、滴水等(deng)建筑(zhu)材(cai)料。夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)整體(ti)(ti)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)為(wei)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)上(shang)露出(chu)一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)椽洞,有(you)水平方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的,還有(you)豎斜方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的,證(zheng)明原(yuan)來(lai)有(you)椽出(chu)頭(tou)。距(ju)離陵臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)較(jiao)(jiao)遠的四角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各(ge)有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),其(qi)中東南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)南(nan)(nan)的兩座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)已坍(tan)塌(ta),西(xi)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)尚可分(fen)辨認出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基,相距(ju)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)520米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。其(qi)連(lian)線(xian)在雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)前,北(bei)面(mian)的2座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相距(ju)290米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東北(bei)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)殘(can)高1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,坍(tan)塌(ta)嚴(yan)重,只有(you)西(xi)北(bei)處(chu)(chu)(chu)的角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)存比較(jiao)(jiao)完好,殘(can)高約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),但嚴(yan)重風化。北(bei)邊(bian)兩角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)相距(ju)272米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。南(nan)(nan)北(bei)聯(lian)線(xian)約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)460米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)因剝(bo)蝕已趨(qu)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),底面(mian)周長20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。純凈黃土(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu),周圍散(san)(san)落(luo)著大(da)(da)量(liang)紅褐色(se)板瓦(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)殘(can)片(pian)。
安陵
位(wei)于泰陵(ling)西(xi)約(yue)(yue)2公(gong)里的(de)賀(he)蘭山山腳下,陵(ling)園東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三面(mian)(mian)環山,面(mian)(mian)積約(yue)(yue)10萬平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),坐北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)南。陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)八面(mian)(mian)五(wu)級,高(gao)(gao)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。陵(ling)園布(bu)局(ju)與(yu)泰陵(ling)相同,由闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)、月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)、獻殿(dian)、陵(ling)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、墓(mu)道(dao)等部(bu)(bu)分組成(cheng)。嫌(xian)遺存(cun)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)。陵(ling)園南端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)2座(zuo)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai),相距70米(mi)(mi)(mi),由黃(huang)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑而成(cheng),基(ji)(ji)底(di)呈方(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing),邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)9米(mi)(mi)(mi),殘高(gao)(gao)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)余。夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)個別部(bu)(bu)位(wei)發生(sheng)坍塌,闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)上下都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所收縮,頂部(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),周圍(wei)(wei)散落(luo)著磚(zhuan)、瓦等建(jian)筑材料(liao)。在(zai)西(xi)闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之后(hou)約(yue)(yue)45米(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏西(xi)、在(zai)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)之南50米(mi)(mi)(mi)略偏西(xi)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)該陵(ling)園內唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)遺址(zhi),堆積高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)1米(mi)(mi)(mi),迎積周邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)68米(mi)(mi)(mi),中部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji),邊長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)平面(mian)(mian)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大青石板、臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)簽(qian),周圍(wei)(wei)散落(luo)大量磚(zhuan)瓦、碑(bei)石殘塊。該闕(que)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)東(dong)(dong)側(ce)相應位(wei)置(zhi)已經變成(cheng)廣(guang)場(chang),無法確認(ren)是(shi)否(fou)曾(ceng)經存(cun)在(zai)碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)。碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)(ting)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng),曾(ceng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期被(bei)當地(di)放(fang)羊(yang)人占用,破壞嚴重。現(xian)存(cun)墻(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)90米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)40米(mi)(mi)(mi),南墻(qiang)正(zheng)中留(liu)門(men),門(men)址(zhi)兩(liang)側(ce)各殘存(cun)加寬(kuan)的(de)斷墻(qiang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)、高(gao)(gao)約(yue)(yue)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)內石像生(sheng)基(ji)(ji)址(zhi)已看不(bu)清(qing)楚,在(zai)二十世紀(ji)九十年代(dai)初(chu),此處(chu)(chu)地(di)面(mian)(mian)布(bu)滿羊(yang)糞,旁邊不(bu)遠(yuan)處(chu)(chu)圍(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)羊(yang)圈,神(shen)道(dao)正(zheng)上方(fang)(fang)(fang)還(huan)蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)放(fang)羊(yang)人居住(zhu)的(de)房子(zi),后(hou)已由當地(di)政府出面(mian)(mian),借(jie)旅游開發之機全部(bu)(bu)整頓拆除。
獻陵
考古(gu)調查稱5號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)。五號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)位于(yu)六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)東約500米(mi),整(zheng)體(ti)朝(chao)向為南(nan)偏(pian)東15度(du)。整(zheng)個陵(ling)(ling)園(yuan)布局和建筑構(gou)成(cheng)與(yu)六(liu)號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)相似,由闕臺、碑(bei)亭(ting)、月城(cheng)、內城(cheng)、獻殿、陵(ling)(ling)臺、角臺、開(kai)口式(shi)外神墻等部分組成(cheng)。
陵(ling)園最(zui)南端(duan)有(you)2座(zuo)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)相(xiang)對(dui),間距(ju)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃砂(sha)土(tu)夯筑而成(cheng)。基(ji)(ji)底(di)呈(cheng)方形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),殘(can)(can)(can)(can)高5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,夯土(tu)層中(zhong)央有(you)數層石(shi)塊(kuai)、椽洞(dong)共(gong)有(you)3層,間距(ju)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),孔(kong)(kong)徑10-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)(bu)等(deng),有(you)的(de)洞(dong)孔(kong)(kong)由二(er)根椽洞(dong)組(zu)成(cheng)。以(yi)(yi)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)高度為分界,夯土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)上、下皆向內收縮(suo),周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)皆散(san)布有(you)磚(zhuan)塊(kuai)、板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、琉璃(li)構件等(deng)建筑材料。雙(shuang)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)北(bei)側(ce)有(you)3座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting),其中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)邊(bian)(bian)1座(zuo),東(dong)邊(bian)(bian)2座(zuo)南小(xiao)(xiao)北(bei)大。兩(liang)座(zuo)較大的(de)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)各距(ju)闕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),二(er)者相(xiang)距(ju)55米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),已(yi)經全(quan)部(bu)清(qing)理完畢。碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)呈(cheng)方形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)沿豎(shu)宜,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)14.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土(tu)夯筑,其中(zhong)夾有(you)石(shi)塊(kuai),夯層7至10厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不(bu)(bu)等(deng)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)皆在(zai)內側(ce)有(you)一踏步,斜長(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),分作9級(ji)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)階,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)上以(yi)(yi)方磚(zhuan)砌出方形(xing)(xing),邊(bian)(bian)線已(yi)不(bu)(bu)清(qing),共(gong)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)為36厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)方磚(zhuan)5塊(kuai)。西(xi)(xi)亭(ting)中(zhong)心有(you)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)見方的(de)范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)內沒有(you)磚(zhuan),可能(neng)(neng)原放有(you)石(shi)像(xiang)座(zuo)。從旁邊(bian)(bian)清(qing)理后(hou)的(de)堆積物中(zhong)發(fa)現有(you):陶質板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、獸面瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)當、花卉滴(di)水(shui),琉璃(li)筒瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、脊(ji)飾及灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、碎殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)、人像(xiang)石(shi)座(zuo)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai)等(deng)。東(dong)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)約(yue)(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)有(you)1個(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting),未經清(qing)理,方形(xing)(xing),臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊(bian)(bian)長(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堆積物基(ji)(ji)本上類似已(yi)經清(qing)理的(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)。在(zai)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)約(yue)(yue)28米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處有(you)一月(yue)(yue)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)遺址(zhi),整體形(xing)(xing)狀為東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)130米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)正中(zhong)開門,門址(zhi)兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)1個(ge)方形(xing)(xing)土(tu)臺(tai)(tai)(tai),已(yi)坍(tan)塌,范圍(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)清(qing),可能(neng)(neng)是門闕,在(zai)夯層中(zhong)夾雜著大量石(shi)塊(kuai)。沿月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)散(san)見板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、簡瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、磚(zhuan)、灰槽(cao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、滴(di)水(shui)等(deng)殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai),在(zai)月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)東(dong)南部(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)內側(ce)發(fa)現有(you)成(cheng)片(pian)的(de)紅(hong)色堆積層,可能(neng)(neng)是原墻(qiang)(qiang)面涂(tu)抹的(de)紅(hong)色墻(qiang)(qiang)皮。靠南墻(qiang)(qiang)內側(ce)約(yue)(yue)有(you)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)一段,沿墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)底(di)有(you)豎(shu)直嵌(qian)入的(de)板瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),可能(neng)(neng)是原來作排水(shui)用的(de)。月(yue)(yue)城(cheng)神(shen)道兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)3列(lie)石(shi)像(xiang)生基(ji)(ji)址(zhi),殘(can)(can)(can)(can)存大量紅(hong)砂(sha)巖石(shi)像(xiang)生殘(can)(can)(can)(can)塊(kuai),大多風(feng)化(hua)成(cheng)為小(xiao)(xiao)碎塊(kuai),基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),間距(ju)16米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
月城
北(bei)(bei)側為(wei)(wei)內城(cheng)(cheng),四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)環繞的(de)補(bu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)多已(yi)坍塌(ta),從遺(yi)(yi)址上看(kan)近似方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)正(zheng)中各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)門,南(nan)神(shen)門址高出地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)半(ban)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)多,寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),門址兩(liang)側神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)比其他地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)更寬(kuan),周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落(luo)著大量建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料,其它(ta)各門址周(zhou)圍(wei)亦(yi)散(san)見磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)材。各轉角(jiao)(jiao)處(chu)(chu)略顯高大,可(ke)能原來建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)樓。南(nan)神(shen)門內中軸線40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)偏西(xi)(xi)約(yue)(yue)(yue)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)(chu)獻殿(dian)遺(yi)(yi)址,已(yi)清(qing)理,臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形,長(chang)(chang)20.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高70厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)邊緣向(xiang)上略有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)收分,上部(bu)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),下(xia)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)砂石層(ceng)(ceng)相間夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),南(nan)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)踏道(dao)(dao),斜(xie)長(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)踏道(dao)(dao)兩(liang)側,各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一列基(ji)(ji)址.地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石像生殘塊,基(ji)(ji)址南(nan)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)2.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩(liang)縱側砌有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形磚(zhuan)。獻殿(dian)清(qing)理出的(de)堆(dui)積(ji)物主要有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形磚(zhuan)和板瓦(wa)、筒瓦(wa)、灰(hui)槽瓦(wa)及(ji)瓦(wa)當(dang)、滴水等(deng)遺(yi)(yi)物殘塊,以(yi)筒瓦(wa)最多。距獻殿(dian)約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)墓道(dao)(dao)封土(tu)(tu),呈東(dong)(dong)南(nan)-西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang),但(dan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)擺動不大。寬(kuan)6至(zhi)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)端高大,整(zheng)個(ge)墓道(dao)(dao)封土(tu)(tu)高度(du)(du)介于(yu)(yu)0.5至(zhi)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)之間,形似魚脊,主要為(wei)(wei)砂石土(tu)(tu)。北(bei)(bei)端靠近陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一半(ban)圓形盜坑(keng),直徑約(yue)(yue)(yue)6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),深約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),破(po)壞(huai)了陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)南(nan)部(bu)底(di)邊。內城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)處(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai),四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)坍塌(ta)嚴重,殘高約(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)筑(zhu)(zhu),各層(ceng)(ceng)夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)之間夾有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幾層(ceng)(ceng)石塊,椽洞分布不勻,夯(hang)(hang)(hang)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)在(zai)8至(zhi)13厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等(deng)。西(xi)(xi)側清(qing)理的(de)堆(dui)積(ji)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)等(deng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)材。從盜坑(keng)斷面(mian)(mian)來看(kan),陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)似乎(hu)是平地(di)(di)起建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de),沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)打地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)底(di)部(bu)的(de)外表(biao)覆蓋有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紅(hong)泥皮。位于(yu)(yu)內城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外約(yue)(yue)(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)外神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)址,墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)寬(kuan)1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),沿墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)準礫石,最終連通(tong)至(zhi)內城(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)。外神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)到(dao)達(da)東(dong)(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)(bei)三神(shen)門處(chu)(chu),皆(jie)向(xiang)外凸出一個(ge)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形空間,長(chang)(chang)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右,空地(di)(di)內地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)平整(zheng),沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其它(ta)遺(yi)(yi)跡現象。外神(shen)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)遺(yi)(yi)址,已(yi)經全部(bu)坍塌(ta),北(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)(ji)址相距340米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)相距365米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)還殘存大約(yue)(yue)(yue)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)部(bu)分,方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)形夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)臺(tai)(tai)邊長(chang)(chang)4.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),夯(hang)(hang)(hang)土(tu)(tu)中央有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石塊,周(zhou)圍(wei)散(san)落(luo)部(bu)分建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料,其余三座(zuo)角(jiao)(jiao)臺(tai)(tai)殘存均不超過1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
顯陵
考古調查稱6號陵(ling)(ling)。六號陵(ling)(ling)是西(xi)夏王陵(ling)(ling)當(dang)中截(jie)至2014年唯一(yi)一(yi)個打開地宮進行發掘(jue)(jue)的遺址(zhi),在發掘(jue)(jue)的時候該陵(ling)(ling)址(zhi)的編號為(wei)八號陵(ling)(ling)。六號陵(ling)(ling)位于陵(ling)(ling)區中部偏西(xi),依賀蘭山(shan)而(er)建,整體朝(chao)向為(wei)南偏東15度,整個陵(ling)(ling)園由闕臺(tai)、碑亭、月城、內城、獻殿、墓(mu)道、陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)、角(jiao)臺(tai)等(deng)部分組成。
陵園(yuan)南端有(you)(you)2座闕臺(tai)遺(yi)址,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相對,間距為(wei)65米(mi)(mi),由夯土筑成(cheng),基部呈(cheng)方(fang)形,邊長(chang)(chang)9米(mi)(mi),高(gao)7.1米(mi)(mi),頂部有(you)(you)臺(tai)基,以土坯砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng),殘高(gao)1.3米(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基上(shang)及(ji)四(si)(si)周散(san)落著大(da)量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)等(deng)建筑材料(liao)。闕臺(tai)北側有(you)(you)2座碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)遺(yi)址,這2處遺(yi)址東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相對,東(dong)(dong)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)基近方(fang)形,長(chang)(chang)22米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)21米(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基四(si)(si)周以條磚(zhuan)(zhuan)砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng)5級(ji)逐漸收縮的臺(tai)階,高(gao)2.4米(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)長(chang)(chang)19米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)18米(mi)(mi),臺(tai)面(mian)上(shang)有(you)(you)1個圓(yuan)形基址,地面(mian)鋪方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)側有(you)(you)斜(xie)坡踏(ta)步。在東(dong)(dong)側碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)周圍發現大(da)量西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)夏(xia)(xia)文、漢文碑(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)(kuai)及(ji)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塊(kuai)(kuai),但卻沒有(you)(you)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)片。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)臺(tai)基也近似方(fang)形,長(chang)(chang)16米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)15米(mi)(mi),臺(tai)基四(si)(si)面(mian)外壁用碎石縱向砌(qi)(qi)成(cheng),臺(tai)面(mian)鋪方(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan),以自然扁平石塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)柱礎。堆積(ji)中(zhong)有(you)(you)大(da)量磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、鴟吻(wen)等(deng)建筑材料(liao),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兩側正(zheng)中(zhong)均(jun)有(you)(you)斜(xie)坡踏(ta)道,堆積(ji)巾發現有(you)(you)大(da)量西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)夏(xia)(xia)文碑(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)(kuai)。碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)北側為(wei)月(yue)城(cheng)遺(yi)址,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)100米(mi)(mi),南北寬(kuan)45米(mi)(mi),正(zheng)小(xiao)有(you)(you)門,月(yue)城(cheng)內神道兩側各有(you)(you)兩列石像(xiang)生基址。
月城(cheng)北(bei)側為內(nei)(nei)城(cheng),呈南北(bei)長(chang)方形(xing),南北(bei)長(chang)183米(mi)(mi)(mi),東西寬(kuan)(kuan)134米(mi)(mi)(mi),神墻(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)段夯筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),殘高(gao)5米(mi)(mi)(mi),南神門(men)(men)(men)正(zheng)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),寬(kuan)(kuan)17米(mi)(mi)(mi)、門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)均有(you)(you)(you)3條斜坡式踏道(dao)(dao)(dao),每(mei)條寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)3米(mi)(mi)(mi),用(yong)磚鑲砌,門(men)(men)(men)址內(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)散(san)落(luo)著大量磚瓦、鴟(chi)吻等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)用(yong)材(cai)。另(ling)外(wai)(wai)三面神墻(qiang)正(zheng)中(zhong)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao),但門(men)(men)(men)道(dao)(dao)(dao)內(nei)(nei)側用(yong)土(tu)坯砌成高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)多(duo)的一堵墻(qiang),看起來無法(fa)通行(xing)(xing)。位于南神門(men)(men)(men)內(nei)(nei)偏(pian)西位置有(you)(you)(you)一處(chu)獻殿遺址,臺基(ji)為東西長(chang)方形(xing),高(gao)約(yue)90厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)面以方形(xing)花紋磚砌之,殘缺不(bu)全,底端(duan)可(ke)見柱礎。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)西北(bei)處(chu)有(you)(you)(you)一座(zuo)(zuo)陵(ling)臺,用(yong)黃沙土(tu)夯筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),八角(jiao)形(xing),底面邊長(chang)12米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)約(yue)20米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)成7級(ji),從下至上(shang)(shang)逐級(ji)收縮,原建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)底部(bu)(bu)外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)包磚,其(qi)中(zhong)幾層涂(tu)有(you)(you)(you)紅泥。陡臺每(mei)層出槽,形(xing)狀看起來像是(shi)浮圖。陵(ling)臺在墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)后部(bu)(bu)約(yue)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)。該陵(ling)園(yuan)的墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)呈30度斜坡,水平長(chang)度49米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)東西兩(liang)壁各有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)下二(er)列與墓(mu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)相(xiang)平行(xing)(xing)的椽洞(dong),相(xiang)距2米(mi)(mi)(mi),甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)的基(ji)道(dao)(dao)(dao)表面做有(you)(you)(you)草拌(ban)泥,但不(bu)甚光整,但多(duo)已(yi)(yi)剝蝕,并沒有(you)(you)(you)繪制壁畫(hua)。甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)前發(fa)(fa)現有(you)(you)(you)散(san)亂的圓(yuan)木和(he)朽(xiu)木板(ban)(ban),可(ke)能是(shi)用(yong)于封閉(bi)甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)(kou)的。南道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩(liang)壁繪有(you)(you)(you)武士修番一幅,但大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)已(yi)(yi)遭破壞。武士像臉面朝甬道(dao)(dao)(dao)口(kou)(kou),南道(dao)(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men)以北(bei)直到墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)全部(bu)(bu)被盜(dao)坑(keng)破壞。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)地(di)面距地(di)表將近25米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)分(fen)主室(shi)(shi)和(he)左右配室(shi)(shi),中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)前寬(kuan)(kuan)6.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),后寬(kuan)(kuan)7.8米(mi)(mi)(mi),南北(bei)長(chang)5.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)壁和(he)頂部(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi)經被破壞,左右配室(shi)(shi)寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)約(yue)5米(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)為窿夸(kua)頂,墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)下壁有(you)(you)(you)護地(di)板(ban)(ban)痕跡(ji),空間較(jiao)小。中(zhong)室(shi)(shi)充滿淤泥及回填盜(dao)坑(keng)時的大石(shi)塊和(he)陵(ling)園(yuan)地(di)面建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)石(shi)雕(diao),室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)現葬具。該陵(ling)園(yuan)的外(wai)(wai)神墻(qiang)距離內(nei)(nei)神墻(qiang)約(yue)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)2米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)南端(duan)通到碑(bei)亭,以石(shi)塊壘成。此外(wai)(wai)陵(ling)園(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)(zuo)角(jiao)臺,總共4座(zuo)(zuo),是(shi)兆域的標(biao)界,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)呈方形(xing),邊長(chang)6米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)7米(mi)(mi)(mi),周(zhou)圍散(san)落(luo)著建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)。
壽陵
考古調查稱7號(hao)陵。七號(hao)陵在陵區北(bei)部,距離五號(hao)陵約(yue)1.5公里,在柏油馬(ma)路(lu)以南約(yue)200米。陵園大部分(fen)為現代住房和場院侵(qin)占,破壞嚴重,陵園建筑(zhu)僅剩下(xia)雙闕臺(tai)、雙碑亭、月城、內城的南神(shen)墻和西神(shen)墻、陵臺(tai)及西南角臺(tai)、外(wai)神(shen)墻的一部分(fen)。
位(wei)于(yu)(yu)陵(ling)園南(nan)端有(you)(you)2座闕(que)臺遺址(zhi)(zhi),東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)相(xiang)對,距(ju)(ju)離70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)形、雙闕(que)周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)皆(jie)已坍塌(ta),邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)難(nan)以測(ce)量,高(gao)約7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),平頂處攀上頂部,煙臺周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)散見磚瓦建(jian)筑材料。位(wei)于(yu)(yu)雙闕(que)臺以北(bei)約50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月城(cheng)以南(nan)50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)位(wei)置有(you)(you)2處碑(bei)(bei)亭遺址(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)已經(jing)過清(qing)理(li),高(gao)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),臺基呈正方形,邊(bian)長(chang)(chang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)殘存(cun)(cun)大量磚、瓦、石(shi)碑(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai),在清(qing)理(li)后(hou)發(fa)現西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)夏文殘塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai),漢文碑(bei)(bei)殘塊(kuai)51塊(kuai)。月城(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)碑(bei)(bei)亭北(bei)側(ce),呈東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)方形,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)125米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),月城(cheng)內全部被(bei)破壞,依稀可辯神道(dao)兩側(ce)各有(you)(you)2列石(shi)像生基址(zhi)(zhi),相(xiang)距(ju)(ju)20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。內城(cheng)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)月城(cheng)北(bei)側(ce),近似方形,東(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)長(chang)(chang)190米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)寬180米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內城(cheng)除(chu)南(nan)神墻(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)神墻(qiang)(qiang)殘存(cun)(cun)一(yi)部分(fen)外,其余基本都被(bei)破壞,墻(qiang)(qiang)寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯(hang)(hang)筑而成,夯(hang)(hang)層厚度(du)為(wei)10-12厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等。獻殿和墓道(dao)封(feng)土皆(jie)己不存(cun)(cun)在,地面已經(jing)成為(wei)一(yi)片場(chang)地。位(wei)于(yu)(yu)內城(cheng)偏西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)處有(you)(you)一(yi)座陵(ling)臺,八角(jiao)形,分(fen)作(zuo)7級(ji),從(cong)(cong)下(xia)至上逐級(ji)收縮,出檐結構(gou)明顯。陵(ling)臺周圍(wei)(wei)(wei)在二十世紀九十年代時(shi)被(bei)改建(jian)為(wei)場(chang)地和庫(ku)房。從(cong)(cong)陵(ling)園西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)部殘存(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)部分(fen)外神墻(qiang)(qiang),從(cong)(cong)其走向看大致(zhi)為(wei)封(feng)閉式。殘存(cun)(cun)的(de)外神墻(qiang)(qiang)寬約1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),黃土夯(hang)(hang)筑,但因(yin)破壞嚴重,總(zong)寬度(du)和長(chang)(chang)度(du)皆(jie)不已經(jing)無法(fa)看出,內外神墻(qiang)(qiang)相(xiang)距(ju)(ju)22米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。在陵(ling)園的(de)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao),緊挨外神墻(qiang)(qiang)邊(bian)側(ce)有(you)(you)一(yi)處已經(jing)坍塌(ta)的(de)角(jiao)臺,該角(jiao)臺的(de)位(wei)置在月城(cheng)中部連線(xian)的(de)延長(chang)(chang)線(xian)上,由黃土夯(hang)(hang)筑而成。
在(zai)清理東、西(xi)碑(bei)亭時(shi),共發(fa)現西(xi)夏文碑(bei)殘塊(kuai)1265塊(kuai)。其中部分(fen)殘塊(kuai)經過整理,其上的西(xi)夏文可(ke)譯為(wei):“大(da)白高國護城圣德至繳皇帝壽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)志銘”,史籍記載壽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)西(xi)夏第五代皇帝仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝之陵(ling)(ling)(ling)號(hao),可(ke)以確定該陵(ling)(ling)(ling)為(wei)壽陵(ling)(ling)(ling)。
莊陵
考古調查稱8號(hao)陵(ling),墓(mu)主李(li)純祐(1177年~1206年)為仁(ren)宗仁(ren)孝長子。八號(hao)陵(ling)位于陵(ling)區北(bei)部(bu),僅存(cun)1座(zuo)陵(ling)臺(tai)。在(zai)(zai)九號(hao)陵(ling)場塌裂(lie)的陵(ling)臺(tai)之西(xi)約300米,在(zai)(zai)七號(hao)陵(ling)臺(tai)西(xi)北(bei)約300米,陵(ling)園其(qi)它建筑已(yi)經全部(bu)被(bei)破壞,二十(shi)世紀九十(shi)年代(dai)初,陵(ling)園被(bei)現代(dai)住(zhu)房、道(dao)路(lu)、廣場侵占(zhan),當時陵(ling)臺(tai)就在(zai)(zai)一(yi)排住(zhu)房之后的一(yi)片(pian)樹林(lin)中、陵(ling)臺(tai)頂部(bu)修有水塔(ta),水塔(ta)后被(bei)拆(chai)除。
康陵
考古調查稱(cheng)9號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)。九號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)在(zai)陵(ling)(ling)邑(yi)宗廟遺址以(yi)西約500米(mi),七號(hao)陵(ling)(ling)以(yi)北約300米(mi),陵(ling)(ling)園遭到(dao)現代(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)的徹底毀壞,地面建(jian)筑(zhu)僅(jin)剩一(yi)座(zuo)毀壞的陵(ling)(ling)臺,夯(hang)土僅(jin)剩三分之一(yi)。
康(kang)陵墓主李安全,為仁(ren)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)仁(ren)孝弟越王(wang)仁(ren)友之子,崇宗(zong)(zong)(zong)乾順之孫。西夏(xia)桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)天慶十二年(nian)(1205年(nian)),與桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)母羅氏(shi)合謀廢(fei)桓宗(zong)(zong)(zong)自立,改元(yuan)應天。六(liu)月(yue),羅氏(shi)為子請封(feng)冊于(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)冊封(feng)為夏(xia)國王(wang)。蒙古多(duo)次(ci)用兵西夏(xia),并(bing)破克夷門,進(jin)圍中興府。李安全親自登城(cheng)激勵將士(shi)守御。蒙古兵引黃河水(shui)灌城(cheng),城(cheng)中居(ju)民淹死(si)極多(duo)。李安全遣使(shi)乞援于(yu)(yu)金(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)拒絕出兵。李安全只(zhi)得向蒙古納女請和(he),夏(xia)金(jin)(jin)關(guan)系趨于(yu)(yu)破裂。西夏(xia)光定元(yuan)年(nian)(1211年(nian))夏(xia)齊王(wang)遵環(huan)廢(fei)安全自立。同年(nian)8月(yue)安全死(si),年(nian)42歲,謚(shi)靜穆皇(huang)帝,廟號襄宗(zong)(zong)(zong),墓號康(kang)陵。
交通
1.市區(qu)可以(yi)先乘2路、4路、18路公交(jiao)車(che)到(dao)新市區(qu),然(ran)后(hou)包車(che)前去。包車(che)價格為面的30元。銀川旅游汽車(che)站(北門汽車(che)站)每(mei)天有車(che)發往西(xi)夏王陵(冬季(ji)、夏季(ji)無班車(che)),發車(che)時間為8:30、9:30,返(fan)回時間為13:30、15:30,票(piao)價9元/人,行程約(yue)70分(fen)鐘。
2.銀(yin)川市區南門(men)(men)汽車(che)站、北門(men)(men)旅游汽車(che)站及南關清真寺均有(you)發往(wang)西夏王陵的旅游班車(che),票(piao)價8元左(zuo)右,但(dan)間(jian)(jian)隔較(jiao)長,視客流而定,在(zai)1至2小(xiao)時之間(jian)(jian)。
3.自駕車較為方便,由(you)市區內北京路向西(xi)到頭(tou),丁字路口向南拐上110國道,直行(xing)10公里(li)路西(xi)即到,景區設(she)有面積很(hen)大的停車場(chang)。