地理位置
弦歌臺位于(yu)河南省淮陽(yang)區城西南隅水靜如練的南壇湖中(zhong),這里紅連映日,碧荷(he)接天,風景優美(mei),景色宜人。
孔子與弦歌臺
圣人菜
東周時(shi)期,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)曾(ceng)三(san)次(ci)來(lai)陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue),最后一(yi)次(ci)是(shi)公元前489年,楚(chu)昭王(wang)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue),但孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)講(jiang)(jiang)的(de)大道(dao)(dao)理(li)是(shi)讓統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)者如(ru)何(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de),讓統(tong)治(zhi)(zhi)者如(ru)何(he)(he)如(ru)何(he)(he)管理(li)百姓(xing)的(de),陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)老(lao)百姓(xing)不(bu)(bu)愿意了,沒等孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)到楚(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)見到楚(chu)昭王(wang),老(lao)百姓(xing)就(jiu)把孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)他(ta)(ta)的(de)弟(di)(di)子(zi)們圍困(kun)在南壇湖的(de)一(yi)個小島上(shang),不(bu)(bu)給他(ta)(ta)們吃(chi),不(bu)(bu)給他(ta)(ta)們喝,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟(di)(di)子(zi)們餓得頭暈眼花(hua)。沒辦法(fa),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟(di)(di)子(zi)們分(fen)頭到湖邊(bian)找吃(chi)的(de)。魚是(shi)捉(zhuo)不(bu)(bu)到的(de),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)看湖里(li)生長(chang)一(yi)種現(xian)(xian)在叫(jiao)蒲(pu)的(de)植物(wu),就(jiu)拔出來(lai),上(shang)邊(bian)的(de)綠(lv)莖不(bu)(bu)能吃(chi),而下(xia)邊(bian)的(de)蒲(pu)根細膩白嫩,脆甜可口,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)就(jiu)和(he)弟(di)(di)子(zi)們吃(chi)蒲(pu)根,一(yi)連七(qi)日,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)和(he)弟(di)(di)子(zi)們就(jiu)靠(kao)蒲(pu)根生活下(xia)來(lai)。現(xian)(xian)在,這(zhe)種蒲(pu)根叫(jiao)“圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)菜”,涼拌、紅燒(shao)味道(dao)(dao)都很美,成了陳(chen)(chen)州城各(ge)大餐館里(li)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)特色菜,有客人(ren)(ren)(ren)從(cong)遠方來(lai),這(zhe)道(dao)(dao)菜是(shi)必不(bu)(bu)可少的(de)。陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)老(lao)百姓(xing)看到孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)七(qi)日不(bu)(bu)曾(ceng)餓死,還整日給弟(di)(di)子(zi)們誦史講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue),便尊稱孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)為真“圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。后來(lai),陳(chen)(chen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)在孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)子(zi)被(bei)圍困(kun)的(de)島上(shang)建(jian)了一(yi)座圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)廟,學(xue)名叫(jiao)“弦(xian)(xian)歌臺”,弦(xian)(xian)歌臺正殿兩邊(bian)的(de)石柱上(shang),鐫(juan)刻著對聯一(yi)副,為“堂上(shang)弦(xian)(xian)歌七(qi)日不(bu)(bu)能容大道(dao)(dao),庭前俎(zu)豆千年猶自仰高山(shan)”,以紀念這(zhe)位老(lao)夫子(zi)三(san)次(ci)來(lai)陳(chen)(chen)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)的(de)佳(jia)話。
弩臺
弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),又稱厄臺(tai)(tai)、絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠,位于縣(xian)城西南(nan)隅的(de)(de)南(nan)壇湖中,臺(tai)(tai)上現存建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)有(you)(you)二門(men)(men),正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)七(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)。正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)主體建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),飛檐斗(dou)拱,上蓋(gai)綠色琉璃(li)瓦(wa)。周有(you)(you)青(qing)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)柱(zhu)二十(shi)(shi)四(si)根。正(zheng)門(men)(men)石(shi)柱(zhu)上鐫刻的(de)(de)對聯是(shi)(shi)“堂上弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)七(qi)(qi)日(ri)不能(neng)容(rong)大(da)(da)道;庭(ting)前(qian)俎豆千年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)猶(you)自仰高(gao)山。”前(qian)門(men)(men)上有(you)(you)清(qing)康(kang)熙五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1711年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))立的(de)(de)石(shi)匾(bian),上書(shu)“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”三個大(da)(da)字。弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),原名“弩(nu)臺(tai)(tai)”,《元(yuan)和志》說:“后(hou)漢陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)王寵(chong)(chong)善射,嘗于此教弩(nu)”所(suo)以(yi)得名。漢靈帝(di)時,爆發(fa)了(le)黃(huang)巾(jin)起義(yi),革命軍(jun)浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩蕩,所(suo)向披靡,各(ge)郡縣(xian)守兵望風而逃。惟獨陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)王劉寵(chong)(chong)占據陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)城四(si)面(mian)環水的(de)(de)地利,四(si)面(mian)吊橋高(gao)懸,自帶強弩(nu)手數千固守此臺(tai)(tai),義(yi)軍(jun)久攻不下,終于扼住了(le)黃(huang)巾(jin)軍(jun),所(suo)以(yi)又稱“扼臺(tai)(tai)”。到了(le)唐開元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)廟遷到這里。明憲宗成代(dai)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),知(zhi)州倪誥重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)廟并(bing)塑孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和十(shi)(shi)賢像。明世(shi)宗嘉靖七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),巡按御(yu)史(shi)譚纘增(zeng)拓正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)七(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian),門(men)(men)二座(zuo),題曰(yue)“絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)祠”。二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1542年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))巡按御(yu)史(shi)趙繼本改(gai)名為“弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)”。明神宗萬歷二十(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),睢陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)道徐即登增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)門(men)(men),曰(yue)“美(mei)富之門(men)(men)”。清(qing)康(kang)熙二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1628年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),知(zhi)州蕭國(guo)弼重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)殿(dian)(dian)內塑像,五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1713年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),都御(yu)史(shi)揆敘重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)七(qi)(qi)楹(ying),改(gai)為方(fang)(fang)形(xing)石(shi)柱(zhu),上復綠琉璃(li)瓦(wa),重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)及十(shi)(shi)賢像。乾隆(long)、嘉慶、咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)又多(duo)次修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)葺,現存的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)是(shi)(shi)清(qing)乾隆(long)四(si)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de),由(you)于諸多(duo)的(de)(de)歷史(shi)原因,這座(zuo)被歷史(shi)文人墨客(ke)稱之為陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)州“八(ba)景”之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai),已失去(qu)了(le)昔日(ri)的(de)(de)輝煌,顯得破舊。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底,在(zai)縣(xian)委、政府的(de)(de)重(zhong)視下,弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)得以(yi)整(zheng)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)繕了(le)一(yi)(yi)進院落圍墻和正(zheng)門(men)(men),重(zhong)塑了(le)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像,使弦(xian)(xian)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)臺(tai)(tai)正(zheng)門(men)(men)量現一(yi)(yi)派巍(wei)峨氣(qi)勢。殿(dian)(dian)內,一(yi)(yi)尊身高(gao)三米(mi),面(mian)目(mu)慈祥,服(fu)飾飄逸的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)像,端坐在(zai)一(yi)(yi)米(mi)五(wu)(wu)高(gao)的(de)(de)石(shi)雕像基上。《史(shi)記(ji)·孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)世(shi)家》、《韓詩外(wai)傳》、《孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)家語》、《孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)集注》、《搜神記(ji)》等書(shu)都有(you)(you)關于孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)絕(jue)糧(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)記(ji)載(zai)。孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),還做(zuo)過陳(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)國(guo)的(de)(de)官(guan)。
厄臺碑
一(yi)代儒(ru)師(shi)、教(jiao)育家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi),其杰出的(de)思想(xiang)集中(zhong)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)些著(zhu)作中(zhong),不僅對中(zhong)國(guo)(guo),乃至世界(jie)都(dou)產(chan)生了巨(ju)大的(de)影響。歷(li)史文(wen)人(ren)都(dou)對他(ta)推崇備至,甚(shen)至連孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)游說于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai),在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)絕糧(liang)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)件不大光彩的(de)歷(li)史,也被(bei)儒(ru)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)贊為孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)偉(wei)績,一(yi)代文(wen)學(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)王禹在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州(zhou)《厄(e)臺碑(bei)》中(zhong),把孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)厄(e)于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)與“天地(di)厄(e)于(yu)晦月,日(ri)(ri)月厄(e)于(yu)薄(bo)蝕,帝舜厄(e)于(yu)歷(li)山,大禹厄(e)于(yu)洪(hong)水,成(cheng)湯厄(e)于(yu)夏臺,文(wen)王厄(e)于(yu)里”相提并論。“唐八大家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)”之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的(de)曾鞏(gong)也吹捧孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)陳(chen)(chen)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)絕糧(liang)是“圣人(ren)齊日(ri)(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),不能(neng)違日(ri)(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)道”。淮陽是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)教(jiao)澤(ze)所及之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),他(ta)的(de)七十二個(ge)(ge)得(de)意(yi)弟子(zi)中(zhong),淮陽人(ren)就(jiu)占4個(ge)(ge),加之(zhi)(zhi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)絕糧(liang),數(shu)千年來(lai),世人(ren)共(gong)知(zhi)。所以(yi)歷(li)代陳(chen)(chen)人(ren)建(jian)祠紀(ji)念(nian),教(jiao)化后(hou)人(ren)不忘儒(ru)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)老祖(zu)宗的(de)困苦與艱辛。一(yi)九(jiu)九(jiu)六年五月一(yi)日(ri)(ri),香港企業(ye)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),香港孔(kong)(kong)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)院(yuan)長湯恩佳先后(hou)為河(he)南這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座唯一(yi)孔(kong)(kong)廟捐(juan)贈的(de)三(san)米孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)銅像在(zai)陳(chen)(chen)州(zhou)落(luo)成(cheng)揭幕;臺內主要建(jian)筑大成(cheng)殿(dian)已(yi)修葺一(yi)新。目前,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)旅游局將這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座名勝(sheng)列入“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)周(zhou)游列國(guo)(guo)”國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)旅游專(zhuan)線必至景點,弦(xian)歌臺這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)座歷(li)史名勝(sheng),不久(jiu)將成(cheng)為人(ren)們(men)尋古探(tan)幽的(de)勝(sheng)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。
保護
1962年(nian)4月被淮陽區人民委員會公(gong)布(bu)為第一(yi)批重點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei),2006年(nian)7月被河南省人民政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu)為重點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)保護單(dan)位(wei)。