普(pu)(pu)定水電站位于烏江(jiang)上(shang)游(you)南源三(san)岔(cha)河的中游(you)、貴(gui)州省普(pu)(pu)定縣境內,距貴(gui)陽市131km。本工程(cheng)以 發電為(wei)主,兼(jian)有供水、灌溉、養殖及旅游(you)等綜合效益(yi)。電站裝機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)7.5萬kW(3×2.5),保證出(chu)力(li)1.5萬kW,年平均發電量(liang)3.4億kW·h,主要滿足普(pu)(pu)定、織金(jin)等地區用(yong)電,還可增(zeng)加(jia)下游(you)東風、烏江(jiang)渡等電站保證出(chu)力(li)約(yue)4萬kW。
歷史
介紹
普(pu)定水(shui)電站(zhan)于(yu)(yu)1995年(nian)建(jian)成發電,裝有3臺25MW水(shui)輪發電機組。設計(ji)多年(nian)平均發電量3.16kW.h,年(nian)利用小時約4,213h。從普(pu)定水(shui)電站(zhan)1996年(nian)至2003年(nian)運行情況看,8年(nian)間水(shui)庫累計(ji)來水(shui)量327.8億(yi)立(li)(li)方米,其中發電用水(shui)195.66億(yi)立(li)(li)方米,占(zhan)總來水(shui)量的(de)59.7%,泄(xie)洪(hong)棄(qi)水(shui)132.14億(yi)立(li)(li)方米,占(zhan)總來水(shui)量的(de)40.3%。為(wei)提高水(shui)能資源的(de)利用率,有利于(yu)(yu)上下游電站(zhan)的(de)協調運行,董事會建(jian)議,開展普(pu)定水(shui)電站(zhan)擴機1臺50MW發電機組的(de)前期準備工作。
發展
普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)下游為(wei)(wei)引(yin)子渡(du)(du)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan),該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)裝有3臺120MW水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji),已于(yu)(yu)2003年實(shi)現投產(chan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。引(yin)子渡(du)(du)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)具(ju)有季調節性能,正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位1,086m,死(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位1,052m,裝機(ji)(ji)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)360MW,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)最大引(yin)用(yong)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)435立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)最大引(yin)用(yong)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)188立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),兩者相差247立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao),而普(pu)定(ding)至引(yin)子渡(du)(du)的(de)(de)區間(jian)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅18.8立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。 普(pu)定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)擴機(ji)(ji)后,將增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)引(yin)用(yong)流量(liang)(liang)(liang),提(ti)高引(yin)子渡(du)(du)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭和發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效益,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)引(yin)子渡(du)(du)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)日運行方(fang)式(shi),同時(shi)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)(liang)。擴機(ji)(ji)規(gui)模裝機(ji)(ji)1臺50MW,年發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約5,000萬kwh以(yi)上,單位電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度(du)投資(zi)約1.6元/kwh左右。經(jing)初步測算,擴機(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)投資(zi)約10,000萬元,資(zi)金(jin)來源于(yu)(yu)自有資(zi)金(jin)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)(yu)1991年列入國(guo)家(jia)年度(du)基(ji)建(jian)計劃(hua)開工(gong)(gong)項目,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由國(guo)家(jia)能源投資(zi)公司與貴州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)合資(zi)建(jian)設。由貴州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)負責工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設及籌集資(zi)金(jin),并履行業主職責。 主體工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang):土石方(fang)開挖(wa)為(wei)(wei)27萬余立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),混凝土為(wei)(wei)21萬余立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),總工(gong)(gong)期4年,總投資(zi)1.93億元。
庫區地形地質
庫區地處灰巖地區,巖溶發育。庫區兩岸有相對隔水層包圍,且北與六沖河、南與北盤江均有地下分水嶺存在,水位高程均遠高于正常蓄水位,不會產生鄰谷滲漏。岸坡基巖成層分布,傾角平緩,不存(cun)在岸坡坍滑(hua)問題(ti)。壩址位于灰巖和(he)白云巖地(di)段,兩岸陡峻,巖層走向N35°~40°E,傾向NW,傾角18°~20°。壩址(zhi)主要(yao)斷層有20條(tiao),大多為高角度平(ping)移斷層,斷距小,影響(xiang)帶窄(zhai),規模不大(da),延(yan)伸不(bu)遠,且(qie)大(da)多膠結(jie)良(liang)好(hao)。大(da)壩帷幕采用懸掛(gua)布置,處理(li)深度以(yi)單位吸水率小(xiao)于3Alu(呂容)的界限(xian)為下限(xian)。壩區地(di)震烈度為6度。
設計
壩址(zhi)控制(zhi)流域面積5871平方(fang)公(gong)里。流域內雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)豐沛(pei),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1181mm。壩址(zhi)實測最大流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang) 為3380立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),實測最小流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為8.8立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),壩址(zhi)多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)年(nian)徑(jing)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為38.8億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)流量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為 123立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)年(nian)輸沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為406萬t,多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)懸沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為1.042kg/立方(fang)米(mi)。
庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)處灰巖地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu),巖溶發育。庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)(qu)兩(liang)岸(an)有相對隔水(shui)層包圍,且北與六沖河、南(nan)與北盤江均(jun)有 地(di)下(xia)(xia)分(fen)水(shui)嶺(ling)存在,水(shui)位(wei)高(gao)程(cheng)均(jun)遠高(gao)于正常蓄水(shui)位(wei),不(bu)會產(chan)生鄰谷滲漏。岸(an)坡基巖成層分(fen)布(bu),傾(qing)角平(ping)緩,不(bu)存在岸(an)坡坍滑(hua)問題。壩(ba)址(zhi)位(wei)于灰巖和白云巖地(di)段,兩(liang)岸(an)陡峻,巖層走向(xiang)(xiang)N35°-40°E,傾(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)NW,傾(qing)角18°-20°。壩(ba)址(zhi)主要斷(duan)層有20條,大(da)多(duo)為高(gao)角度平(ping)移斷(duan)層,斷(duan)距小,影(ying)響帶窄,規模不(bu)大(da),延伸不(bu)遠,且大(da)多(duo)膠(jiao)結良好。大(da)壩(ba)帷幕采用懸掛布(bu)置,處理深度以單位(wei)吸水(shui)率小于3Alu(呂容)的界限為下(xia)(xia)限。壩(ba)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)震(zhen)烈度為6度。
水(shui)庫(ku)正(zheng)常蓄水(shui)位為(wei)1145m,總庫(ku)容(rong)4.2億立方米,庫(ku)區(qu)淹(yan)沒面積為(wei)14平(ping)方公里,遷移(yi)人(ren)口5466人(ren),淹(yan)沒耕地7600畝。整個樞紐由碾(nian)壓混凝土(tu)拱壩、壩頂溢(yi)洪道、沖沙孔、右岸引水(shui)式地面廠房等建筑物(wu)組成(cheng)。大壩采用單心圓(yuan)拱壩,呈不對稱布置,右岸設有30m長(chang)的(de)重(zhong)力(li)墩(dun)。中部(bu)設有4孔寬12.5m、高(gao)(gao)16m的(de)表孔,采用高(gao)(gao)低(di)坎分流對撞消能。最大壩高(gao)(gao)75m,壩頂弧長(chang)165.67,壩頂總長(chang)195.67,壩頂寬6.3,厚(hou)高(gao)(gao)比(bi)為(wei)1∶0.386。筑壩采用高(gao)(gao)摻粉煤灰低(di)水(shui)泥(ni)用量干硬性碾(nian)壓混凝土(tu),并由碾(nian)壓混凝土(tu)自身(shen)防滲。壩體混凝土(tu)量13萬余立方米。
右(you)岸(an)引(yin)水(shui)系統由進(jin)水(shui)塔、引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)、壓力斜井和壓力管(guan)(guan)道(dao)組成,全(quan)長(chang)290m,最(zui)大(da)洞(dong)徑8m。岔管(guan)(guan)采用鋼筋混凝土岔管(guan)(guan)。廠房位(wei)于壩下(xia)游160m處,由主機間、安裝間、上游副廠房、左(zuo)副廠房,進(jin)廠交通洞(dong)及電梯塔組成。
由于河谷(gu)狹窄,洪(hong)枯水(shui)位(wei)變(bian)幅大(da),廠(chang)房采用半封(feng)閉式布置(zhi)。長(chang)76.6,最大(da)寬32.6。開關(guan)站布置(zhi)在廠(chang)房后坡,長(chang)120m,寬38m。施工(gong)導(dao)流采用隧洞(dong)導(dao)流方案,導(dao)流設計流量為560立方米/秒(miao)。上、下(xia)游圍(wei)堰為土(tu)石(shi)過水(shui)圍(wei)堰,最大(da)堰高19.5。導(dao)流洞(dong)全(quan)長(chang)470m,洞(dong)身(shen)不襯砌。
運行發電
由國電(dian)紅楓水力(li)發(fa)電(dian)廠代(dai)管的(de)普定水電(dian)站(zhan)發(fa)電(dian)量已達(da)到(dao)3.141548億(yi)千瓦時,提前67天圓滿完成年計劃(hua)3.14億(yi)千瓦時的(de)發(fa)電(dian)任務。
三岔河流域(yu)降雨相對平穩(wen),來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)基(ji)本接(jie)近正常(chang)年(nian)份,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫運行情況正常(chang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫來水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量共計320413.7萬立方米,比去年(nian)同(tong)期多(duo)75475.2萬立方米。汛期,電站與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工值班人員(yuan)密(mi)切(qie)配合(he),合(he)理調度水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,充分利(li)用(yong)發電“消水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)”,合(he)理利(li)用(yong)沖沙(sha)底孔泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),采(cai)用(yong)“多(duo)開少放”的方法,將水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫維持(chi)在較高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位運行,在多(duo)蓄了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的同(tong)時,也提(ti)高(gao)了水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)利(li)用(yong)率,為電站多(duo)發電奠定了基(ji)礎。
在(zai)總(zong)廠的(de)(de)統一安(an)(an)排和指導下,電站配合機(ji)電公司(si)在(zai)汛前完成了1號機(ji)大(da)(da)修、1號蝶(die)閥大(da)(da)修等大(da)(da)型工作,消(xiao)除了影響安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)缺陷(xian),確保了主設(she)備的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)可靠(kao)性;通過(guo)全(quan)(quan)站職(zhi)工共(gong)同努力(li),認真開展以“加(jia)強管(guan)理(li)、確保安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、提高效益”為(wei)目標的(de)(de)“管(guan)理(li)效益年活(huo)動(dong)”,高度(du)重視安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)生(sheng)產及計(ji)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)工作,加(jia)強設(she)備消(xiao)缺及運行維護(hu)管(guan)理(li),為(wei)發電任務(wu)的(de)(de)完成提供了有力(li)的(de)(de)保證。
技術維修
水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)對(dui)液壓(ya)啟(qi)閉機進行了改造(zao)和(he)維(wei)修。有關專(zhuan)家結(jie)合普定水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)液壓(ya)啟(qi)閉機改造(zao)和(he)維(wei)修工(gong)作的經驗,解決了液壓(ya)啟(qi)閉機閘(zha)門開啟(qi)至工(gong)作高位時啟(qi)閉機不(bu)能鎖定、閘(zha)門下(xia)滑量很大的原因,并介紹相應解決問題(ti)的措(cuo)施。