黃石水庫歷史文化
黃石水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)一級支流(liu)(liu)白洋河上游、桃源(yuan)縣黃石鎮上2公里(li)處,控(kong)制集雨(yu)(yu)面積552平(ping)方公里(li),流(liu)(liu)域多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1465毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.59億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)17.7秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),實測最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1920秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(1958年(nian)(nian)6月21日),實測最(zui)小流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)0.46 秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(1959年(nian)(nian)9月17日)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)6.02億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),正常(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),相(xiang)應(ying)庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)4.58億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有效(xiao)庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)3.38億(yi)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),庫(ku)(ku)容(rong)系數(shu)0.6,屬多(duo)年(nian)(nian)調(diao)節水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。 樞紐工程(cheng)由主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)、發(fa)電(dian)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)及廠房、灌(guan)溉輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)等組成。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)粘土心墻混合壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)為(wei)40.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)94.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)219米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)均質粘土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)18.98米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)291米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)為(wei)特矮(ai)實用(yong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),堰頂高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)81米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堰頂凈寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),安設(she)2扇(10×9.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))鋼弧形門,采用(yong)鼻坎挑流(liu)(liu),最(zui)大(da)泄(xie)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1700秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);發(fa)電(dian)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)長(chang)196米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內徑2.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進口(kou)(kou)底(di)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設(she)計(ji)引用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2×11.8秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后式廠房裝機(ji)2臺3000千瓦機(ji)組;灌(guan)溉輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)左(zuo)側,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身埋管長(chang)63米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),隧(sui)洞(dong)長(chang)213米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),內徑3.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),進口(kou)(kou)底(di)板高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)77米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)引用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)23.4秒(miao)立(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),隧(sui)洞(dong)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)裝2臺×650千瓦機(ji)組,尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)進入(ru)總(zong)干渠。
水庫作用
水庫以(yi)灌(guan)(guan)溉為主,兼有發電(dian)、防(fang)洪(hong)、養殖等效益。設(she)計灌(guan)(guan)田(tian)37.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,實灌(guan)(guan)31萬(wan)(wan)畝;總裝機(ji)容量7300千(qian)瓦,年發電(dian)量1800萬(wan)(wan)千(qian)瓦小時(shi);下游保(bao)護耕地8萬(wan)(wan)畝,防(fang)洪(hong)標準提高到10-20年一遇(yu);庫內養殖水面4.26萬(wan)(wan)畝。
樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)1958年(nian)9月動工(gong)興建,1968年(nian)4月基(ji)本竣(jun)工(gong),同年(nian)開始放水灌溉(gai),1970年(nian)7月壩后電站(zhan)發電受益。