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基本介紹

沅水國家濕(shi)地(di)公園位于(yu)湖南省桃(tao)源縣(xian)境(jing)內，以保護中華秋(qiu)沙鴨為主的38種鳥類越冬棲息地(di)為目(mu)標，是集濕(shi)地(di)保護與修復、文(wen)化展示(shi)、科普(pu)宣教、科研監測、濕(shi)地(di)生態旅游為一(yi)體(ti)的綜合性濕(shi)地(di)公園，沅水濕(shi)地(di)公園上至(zhi)(zhi)張家灣洞洲、下至(zhi)(zhi)堯河渡口(kou)，規劃總面積一(yi)萬余畝、總投資(zi)8000多(duo)萬元。

前不(bu)久，國(guo)家林業局正式下(xia)發文件，同(tong)意開展桃源(yuan)沅水(shui)國(guo)家濕地公(gong)園試(shi)點工作(zuo)，這是桃源(yuan)縣縣第(di)一個國(guo)家濕地公(gong)園。

地理環境

周(zhou)邊交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)方便。沅(yuan)水桃源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)境有港口3個，碼頭42座；省道1848和1801線縱橫(heng)桃源(yuan)(yuan)；319國道、杭瑞高速(su)公路(lu)(lu)緊(jin)鄰(lin)公園東側(ce)；桃花源(yuan)(yuan)機場距公園15公里。內(nei)部(bu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，菱洲公路(lu)(lu)在西側(ce)穿(chuan)過濕(shi)地(di)公園從桃源(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)城通(tong)(tong)(tong)往剪市鎮，大部(bu)分(fen)區(qu)域(yu)目(mu)前(qian)暫未開發(fa)，無水泥路(lu)(lu)和碼頭等交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)設施，只有當地(di)村民自發(fa)形成(cheng)漁船航道。

濕地(di)面積701.64公頃(qing)，占總面積的93.33%。濕地(di)類型為：永久性河流濕地(di)530.62公頃(qing)，洪泛濕地(di)171.02公頃(qing)。

榮譽及其他

旅游資源

人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)旅游資(zi)源豐富。優良(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)質、充(chong)沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)量(liang)和開闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)域(yu)空間，與兩(liang)岸(an)綺(qi)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)光(guang)，周邊層巒(luan)疊嶂的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)、古(gu)老懷舊的(de)(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)屋組(zu)成(cheng)良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)風(feng)景。其自(zi)身景觀資(zi)源獨特，歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)悠(you)久(jiu)，又與桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)花源風(feng)景區(qu)、武(wu)陵漁村(cun)(cun)、雙(shuang)洲(zhou)公(gong)園等(deng)多(duo)處(chu)景點交相輝映，共同(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個以濕地公(gong)園為(wei)(wei)核心，向沅(yuan)江(jiang)上(shang)下(xia)游輻(fu)射的(de)(de)(de)(de)沅(yuan)江(jiang)風(feng)光(guang)帶，為(wei)(wei)濕地公(gong)園建(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)普宣傳(chuan)和生態旅游提供良(liang)(liang)好(hao)基礎。相傳(chuan)中原(yuan)隱(yin)士善卷歸隱(yin)德山(shan)(shan)(shan)，數(shu)次沿沅(yuan)江(jiang)而上(shang)，教化(hua)萬民；兩(liang)千多(duo)年前(qian)，愛國詩人(ren)屈原(yuan)曾(ceng)溯(su)沅(yuan)江(jiang)南下(xia)，寫下(xia)不(bu)朽(xiu)詩篇(pian)《涉江(jiang)》。歷(li)代文(wen)(wen)(wen)人(ren)墨(mo)客酈(li)道元、李(li)白(bai)、劉禹(yu)錫、陸游、黃庭堅、朱熹、王陽(yang)明、袁宏道，無不(bu)流連(lian)其中，暢抒(shu)胸臆。而今，訪古(gu)探(tan)幽(you)，問(wen)津賞景，亦然(ran)快(kuai)哉。沅(yuan)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)帶，有(you)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)源八景“桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)川仙隱(yin)、潼舫古(gu)渡、漳江(jiang)夜(ye)月(yue)(yue)、梅溪煙雨、楚山(shan)(shan)(shan)春曉、綠蘿(luo)晴畫、潯陽(yang)古(gu)寺、白(bai)馬雪濤”；更有(you)瀟湘八景之一(yi)(yi)“漁村(cun)(cun)夕照”，還(huan)有(you)三塔(ta)三閣(ge)“白(bai)佛閣(ge)，漳江(jiang)閣(ge)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)昌閣(ge)；楚望(wang)塔(ta)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)星塔(ta)，回(hui)風(feng)塔(ta)”。一(yi)(yi)條夷望(wang)溪，如(ru)青(qing)羅帶串連(lian)了水(shui)心寨(zhai)、鐘鼓山(shan)(shan)(shan)、月(yue)(yue)亮巖、象山(shan)(shan)(shan)和十萬畝竹海，可感“清溪滌塵(chen)，幽(you)篁長(chang)嘯”。一(yi)(yi)處(chu)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)花源，歷(li)經千年，沉淀了德文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、陶文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、儺文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、道教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)、佛教文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)與隱(yin)逸文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)，盡顯(xian)“桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)花流水(shui)、福地洞(dong)天”。每年3月(yue)(yue)28日桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)花節，如(ru)織游人(ren)，往來不(bu)絕。武(wu)陵漁村(cun)(cun)、桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)源人(ren)家屋舍儼(yan)然(ran)，良(liang)(liang)田美(mei)地，桑(sang)梓竹林，回(hui)歸田園、體(ti)驗農趣(qu)；“三棒鼓”、“九子(zi)鞭”、“草把龍”等(deng)民間藝術，在此傳(chuan)承并(bing)發揚光(guang)大。擂茶歷(li)史悠(you)久(jiu)、源遠流長(chang)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)濃郁(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農家人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)。臺灣詩人(ren)余光(guang)中品過擂茶，留下(xia) “識得擂茶味，更羨(xian)武(wu)陵人(ren)” 的(de)(de)(de)(de)詠嘆。

桃源沅(yuan)(yuan)水濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分為四大功(gong)能區(qu)：濕地保(bao)育區(qu)，是濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體和生態基(ji)質，也是濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)景觀(guan)載體，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)為范圍內沅(yuan)(yuan)江水域(yu)，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為530.62公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)70.58%。恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)重建(jian)區(qu)，是濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)和重建(jian)濕地系統的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)示范區(qu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括沙洲、吳家洲北部和沅(yuan)(yuan)江西岸張家堰(yan)護(hu)堤灘林帶。該區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為131.39公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)17.48%。管理(li)宣教區(qu)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)管理(li)服務(wu)機構設施和科普宣教館。面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)14.8公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)1.97%。生態旅游(you)區(qu)，是濕地公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開(kai)展濕地休閑和游(you)憩體驗的(de)(de)場(chang)所，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)包括洞洲和吳家洲南部，面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為74.98公(gong)頃(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)9.97%。

其(qi)結(jie)構布局為(wei)(wei)(wei) “一(yi)核(he)、兩軸(zhou)(zhou)、四片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”。 “一(yi)核(he)”：是(shi)指以洞洲(zhou)和(he)(he)吳家洲(zhou)南部濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統良好、濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)資(zi)源較為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富的區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心(xin)(xin)依托，在陸(lu)地(di)(di)上聯(lian)系(xi)(xi)外部城市(shi)，也是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內部各(ge)個功能片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的連接紐帶和(he)(he)輻射平臺(tai)。“兩軸(zhou)(zhou)”：主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)(he)輔(fu)(fu)軸(zhou)(zhou)，主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)：以“一(yi)核(he)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)軸(zhou)(zhou)心(xin)(xin)，在主(zhu)河道向(xiang)南北(bei)方向(xiang)延(yan)伸(shen)，串聯(lian)起公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園各(ge)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園進行日常管理巡護(hu)的主(zhu)要(yao)軸(zhou)(zhou)線。輔(fu)(fu)軸(zhou)(zhou)：該軸(zhou)(zhou)也是(shi)以“一(yi)核(he)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)輻射平臺(tai)，在輔(fu)(fu)河道向(xiang)北(bei)延(yan)伸(shen)，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內部開展(zhan)生態(tai)旅游和(he)(he)科普宣傳的連接紐帶。“四片(pian)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”：分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)水域(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、洲(zhou)灘區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、林地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)河堤區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。水域(yu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園內分布廣，是(shi)整個濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園的主(zhu)體(ti)和(he)(he)載體(ti)；洲(zhou)灘區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植被茂盛(sheng)，生物多(duo)樣性高(gao)，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態(tai)系(xi)(xi)統的“營養供體(ti)”；林地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園陸(lu)路上與外界連通的區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)，該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)地(di)(di)勢較高(gao)，視野開闊，濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)豐富，是(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園的管理核(he)心(xin)(xin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)；河堤區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)保(bao)護(hu)邊緣山體(ti)和(he)(he)人工(gong)護(hu)堤，是(shi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園的“保(bao)護(hu)傘”。