簡介
那(nei)曲冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)產(chan)地于在西藏(zang)(zang)那(nei)曲地區(qu)，它屬(shu)于藏(zang)(zang)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)中的一種。從其生長環境(jing)來區(qu)分，因西藏(zang)(zang)那(nei)曲基本上都是(shi)草(cao)(cao)原，因此那(nei)曲冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)屬(shu)于草(cao)(cao)原蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)。
分布情況
西(xi)藏(zang)那曲(qu)冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)是指地理位置介于東經92°04′至(zhi)(zhi)94°10′，北(bei)緯(wei)38°40′至(zhi)(zhi)31°58′之間的(de)(de)西(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區那曲(qu)地區那曲(qu)、嘉黎、比如(ru)、索縣、巴青(qing)、聶(nie)榮6縣現轄行政區域的(de)(de)自然(ran)環境下，天然(ran)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)。一般(ban)產(chan)于海拔(ba)3600~6000米的(de)(de)西(xi)藏(zang)那曲(qu)地區羌(qiang)塘草(cao)(cao)原，和其他產(chan)地的(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)相(xiang)比具有蟲(chong)(chong)體粗、表面色澤黃凈、子座短、活性(xing)物質多、無污染等特點。目(mu)前，西(xi)藏(zang)那曲(qu)冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏是世(shi)界(jie)公認(ren)的(de)(de)最(zui)優質的(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)(chong)夏草(cao)(cao)，有“極草(cao)(cao)”、“黃金草(cao)(cao)”之稱。
采收時間
每年夏初5月中(zhong)旬(xun)至6月底(di)，子(zi)座未出土(tu)，孢(bao)子(zi)未發散時(shi)挖取，曬(shai)至6-7成干，除去纖維狀的附著(zhu)物及(ji)雜質，曬(shai)干或低溫干燥。
儲存方法
儲存關鍵(jian)在(zai)(zai)于防潮、防蛀和防蟲(chong)，把蟲(chong)草放(fang)(fang)進密封的玻(bo)璃瓶，里(li)面再放(fang)(fang)一些花椒或丹皮，然(ran)后放(fang)(fang)置在(zai)(zai)冰箱中；如果需要(yao)保存半年以上，在(zai)(zai)儲存冬蟲(chong)夏(xia)草的地(di)方旁邊(bian)還要(yao)擺放(fang)(fang)干燥劑(ji)，以更好(hao)地(di)防潮。
形態特點
那曲冬蟲夏草(cao)(cao)相比其他蟲草(cao)(cao)具有以下特點：
1、西藏那曲蟲(chong)草(cao)蟲(chong)體(ti)表面色(se)(se)澤(ze)黃凈，不論蟲(chong)體(ti)大(da)小(xiao)，色(se)(se)澤(ze)均(jun)一致。其他(ta)產(chan)地(di)(di)蟲(chong)草(cao)色(se)(se)或淡，或泛紅而灰(hui)白。另外，西藏那曲所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛顏色(se)(se)為棕色(se)(se)，青海(hai)玉樹和(he)果洛所(suo)(suo)產(chan)蟲(chong)草(cao)眼(yan)睛顏色(se)(se)為黃色(se)(se)，川草(cao)和(he)其它地(di)(di)區所(suo)(suo)產(chan)的草(cao)多為紅色(se)(se)。
2、西藏(zang)那曲蟲草無論蟲體(ti)大小，看上(shang)去均(jun)顯得粗肥勻(yun)稱(cheng)，尾(wei)寬長至少5cm以上(shang)。其(qi)他產地的(de)蟲草蟲體(ti)細瘦且尾(wei)細短。
3、西藏那曲蟲草(cao)蟲體(ti)和尾皆透亮油潤，有股(gu)濃酥(su)油的香(xiang)味。其他產地的蟲草(cao)香(xiang)味極淡，甚至只有草(cao)味，且無油潤感。
不(bu)(bu)同產地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)冬蟲(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)差(cha)異是(shi)(shi)(shi)比較大的(de)(de)。西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲蟲(chong)草(cao)、西(xi)藏(zang)林芝(zhi)蟲(chong)草(cao)、青海(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)草(cao)以及四(si)川(chuan)蟲(chong)草(cao)這些不(bu)(bu)同產地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有明(ming)顯區別(bie)的(de)(de)，采(cai)(cai)挖時間(jian)、蟲(chong)草(cao)體色(se)和藥用價值(zhi)都不(bu)(bu)同。一般從時間(jian)來(lai)說，5、6月間(jian)采(cai)(cai)集的(de)(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)最(zui)好，海(hai)(hai)拔越高，天氣轉暖(nuan)，冬蟲(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)挖期同樣就(jiu)越晚。而且海(hai)(hai)拔越高，蟲(chong)草(cao)質量(liang)也就(jiu)越上乘。從地(di)(di)(di)形來(lai)講，陽(yang)坡的(de)(de)蟲(chong)草(cao)相對于陰坡要(yao)好。從產區來(lai)講，西(xi)藏(zang)那(nei)(nei)曲蟲(chong)草(cao)為最(zui)上乘，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)度和大小；較差(cha)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)川(chuan)蟲(chong)草(cao)，個頭較小、顏色(se)較黑、子座較長。西(xi)藏(zang)由于氣候條件(jian)差(cha)異，西(xi)藏(zang)蟲(chong)草(cao)采(cai)(cai)挖期比其(qi)他省區再推遲半月或(huo)一月左右(you)。那(nei)(nei)曲地(di)(di)(di)區五月份蟲(chong)草(cao)就(jiu)已經開始生長。
蟲(chong)(chong)草因其產(chan)地(di)(di)海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度不同(tong)、品(pin)質差異較大。西藏(zang)(zang)那曲是海拔(ba)最高(gao)(gao)的蟲(chong)(chong)草產(chan)區，產(chan)區海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度約4500－6000米；其次(ci)是青(qing)(qing)海，產(chan)區海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度約 3000－4000米；再次(ci)是四川(chuan)和其它地(di)(di)區，蟲(chong)(chong)草的品(pin)質就較差了。色(se)(se)澤也各異，以蟲(chong)(chong)草眼(yan)(yan)睛(jing)的顏(yan)色(se)(se)最明顯。西藏(zang)(zang)那曲所產(chan)蟲(chong)(chong)草眼(yan)(yan)睛(jing)顏(yan)色(se)(se)為棕色(se)(se)，青(qing)(qing)海玉(yu)樹和果洛所產(chan)蟲(chong)(chong)草眼(yan)(yan)睛(jing)顏(yan)色(se)(se)為黃(huang)色(se)(se)，川(chuan)草和其它地(di)(di)區所產(chan)的草多為紅(hong)色(se)(se)。
生長過程
那(nei)曲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)西藏高原那(nei)曲地區海(hai)拔4500~6000米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高原上。冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)簡稱(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，是(shi)(shi)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)寄生(sheng)(sheng)于蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蝙蝠蛾幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)，到(dao)了(le)(le)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季發(fa)育而成。冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)因(yin)此(ci)得名。真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)，具有醫藥療效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產地是(shi)(shi)西藏那(nei)曲和青海(hai)玉樹兩個(ge)(ge)產地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，藏曲堂冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和同(tong)仁堂是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)產地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代表品牌，其中(zhong)以(yi)同(tong)仁堂價格最高。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)季，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)子卵產于地面，經過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)月左右(you)孵化變成幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)后鉆入潮濕松軟(ruan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)。土(tu)(tu)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)孢子囊侵襲了(le)(le)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，在(zai)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。經過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)冬(dong)(dong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，到(dao)第二年春天(tian)(tian)(tian)來臨，真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)開始生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，到(dao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)天(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)出地面，外觀(guan)象(xiang)一(yi)根小(xiao)(xiao)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，這(zhe)樣(yang)，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軀殼與(yu)真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)菌(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)共同(tong)組(zu)成了(le)(le)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”。菌(jun)(jun)孢把蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)養(yang)料，生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)迅(xun)速，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)四至(zhi)五(wu)厘(li)米，菌(jun)(jun)孢一(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)內(nei)即可長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度，這(zhe)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“頭草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子座(zuo)普遍短小(xiao)(xiao)，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿(man)度都(dou)(dou)屬(shu)上等，藥用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)最好(hao)(hao)；第2～3天(tian)(tian)(tian)菌(jun)(jun)孢長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1.5～2倍(bei)左右(you)，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度適中(zhong)或(huo)稍(shao)稍(shao)偏長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿(man)度都(dou)(dou)屬(shu)中(zhong)等或(huo)偏上，藥用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)較(jiao)好(hao)(hao)；超過(guo)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，菌(jun)(jun)孢長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)或(huo)者以(yi)上，稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)”，子座(zuo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)度較(jiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，顏色(se)與(yu)飽滿(man)度很一(yi)般或(huo)較(jiao)差，藥用(yong)(yong)價值(zhi)較(jiao)差。
藥用價值
性(xing)味功(gong)(gong)能(neng)：味甘，性(xing)平。有補肺益腎，止喘咳，補精氣，扶正抑癌，提高免疫力(li)的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)的；
主(zhu)治用法：用于咳虛喘，勞嗽咯血，陽痿遺精，腰膝酸(suan)痛(tong)。用量3-9g；
應用：
1.病后體虛，貧血，頭暈，白細胞(bao)、紅細胞(bao)減少，冬蟲夏草9g，燉童子雞吃(chi)。或燉鴨、豬肉吃(chi)了；
2.陽痿、遺精，腰(yao)酸腿軟(ruan)：冬蟲夏草、杜仲、淫(yin)羊霍、肉蓯蓉。水煎服；
3.肺結(jie)核咳血(xue)：冬蟲夏草(cao)、白芨、百部各12g，杏仁、川貝、麥(mai)冬各9g，阿膠珠5g。水煎服；
4.慢性腎炎(yan)：冬蟲夏(xia)草。水煎，常服。
近代醫學臨床(chuang)研究(jiu)證(zheng)實(shi)，那(nei)曲冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)含有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)約(yue)7%，糖類28.9%，脂(zhi)肪約(yue)8.4%，蛋(dan)白質約(yue)25%，脂(zhi)肪中82.2%為不飽和(he)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)，此(ci)外(wai)，尚含有(you)維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素B12、麥角(jiao)脂(zhi)醇、六碳糖醇、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物堿等(deng)(deng)。據醫學科(ke)學分析，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)體(ti)內(nei)含蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)酸(suan)。維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素B12、脂(zhi)肪、蛋(dan)白等(deng)(deng)。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性甘、溫平、無毒，是著(zhu)名的(de)滋補(bu)強壯藥(yao)，常用(yong)肉類燉食，有(you)補(bu)虛健體(ti)之效(xiao)。適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)治療肺(fei)氣(qi)虛和(he)肺(fei)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)兩虛、肺(fei)結(jie)核等(deng)(deng)所致的(de)咯血或痰中帶血、咳嗽。氣(qi)短、盜汗等(deng)(deng)，對腎(shen)(shen)(shen)虛陽(yang)痿、腰膝酸(suan)疼等(deng)(deng)亦有(you)良好(hao)的(de)療效(xiao)，也(ye)是老年(nian)體(ti)弱者的(de)滋補(bu)佳品。現代醫學研究(jiu)表明，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)吞噬(shi)腫瘤(liu)細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)能(neng)力是硒的(de)4倍，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)所含蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)素能(neng)明顯(xian)增強紅細胞(bao)(bao)粘附(fu)腫瘤(liu)細胞(bao)(bao)的(de)能(neng)力，抑制腫瘤(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)和(he)轉移，能(neng)明顯(xian)提升(sheng)白血球(qiu)和(he)血小板數量，迅速改善放(fang)化療后(hou)的(de)嘔吐(tu)惡心、胃口差、頭發脫落、失眠等(deng)(deng)癥狀。在美國，已將冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)列為抗(kang)腫瘤(liu)新(xin)藥(yao)，進入臨床(chuang)三期。此(ci)外(wai)，冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)對于(yu)(yu)某些腎(shen)(shen)(shen)病與呼吸系統(tong)疾病也(ye)有(you)很好(hao)的(de)治療作用(yong)。清代吳儀(yi)洛《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢新(xin)》，書(shu)中認為冬(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)夏(xia)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)性味(wei)甘，溫。功能(neng)補(bu)肺(fei)益腎(shen)(shen)(shen)，化痰止咳。可用(yong)之于(yu)(yu)久咳虛喘，產后(hou)虛弱、陽(yang)痿陰冷等(deng)(deng)“虛”的(de)病癥。
大腳走天下 
