大工山銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)址面積約(yue)400平方公里，從公元(yuan)前11世紀至公元(yuan)1279年，南(nan)(nan)陵大工山銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)從西周到南(nan)(nan)宋(song)，延續(xu)時間長達(da)兩千余年，其(qi)采(cai)冶、煉銅(tong)(tong)十(shi)萬余噸，可供打(da)造(zao)百萬件的青銅(tong)(tong)器(qi)。銅(tong)(tong)在戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時期是戰(zhan)略意義的物資，南(nan)(nan)陵銅(tong)(tong)質優量大。據史料記載，楚國(guo)(guo)在消(xiao)滅越國(guo)(guo)之后，旋即在皖(wan)南(nan)(nan)設置“陵陽郡”，所產銅(tong)(tong)材被譽(yu)為“陵陽之金”。
1984年開始(shi)，南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)部門在第二(er)次全國文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)普(pu)查(cha)中(zhong)，發(fa)現在大工(gong)山一帶的(de)地表(biao)存有大量陶片，甚(shen)至連農民的(de)菜園(yuan)地里都有，還發(fa)現多(duo)處(chu)疑為(wei)人工(gong)開鑿的(de)坑(keng)道以及多(duo)處(chu)古(gu)(gu)人生活及燒烤的(de)痕跡。南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)管(guan)所將這一發(fa)現逐級上報(bao)，引起了(le)蕪湖市、安徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)部門的(de)高度(du)重視(shi)。1986年，安徽(hui)省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)考古(gu)(gu)研究所的(de)專(zhuan)家們(men)根據南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)普(pu)查(cha)情況對(dui)南(nan)(nan)陵(ling)境內這些(xie)發(fa)現進行(xing)了(le)專(zhuan)題調查(cha)和(he)復查(cha)，終確定了(le)它就是湮沒在地下、沉睡了(le)千年的(de)古(gu)(gu)銅(tong)冶(ye)遺址。
1987年開始，安徽省(sheng)銅(tong)陵(ling)市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)部門先后多次對鳳凰山(shan)銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺址進行搶救性清理發(fa)掘，清理出多處(chu)古代采(cai)(cai)礦(kuang)井(jing)巷(xiang)和(he)一批采(cai)(cai)掘生產工具，并在附近相繼發(fa)現了不少采(cai)(cai)礦(kuang)和(he)冶(ye)煉遺址。
大工(gong)山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包括塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)銅礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、江木沖(chong)冶(ye)煉(lian)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶(ye)煉(lian)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、破頭山(shan)采礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于大工(gong)山(shan)西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)，距縣(xian)城18公里(li)，與另(ling)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)古銅礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江木沖(chong)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔山(shan)相守。塌(ta)里(li)牧(mu)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)面(mian)(mian)毗(pi)鄰銅陵(ling)市，占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)積22萬平方米。是(shi)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)集采礦(kuang)、冶(ye)煉(lian)為一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)自漢至宋代時(shi)期的(de)(de)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)源于大工(gong)山(shan)的(de)(de)江木沖(chong)河流經遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)側，匯入(ru)繁昌(chang)黃(huang)滸河，由荻(di)港入(ru)長(chang)江。
1991年(nian)10月至12月，安(an)徽省文(wen)物考古(gu)研究(jiu)所(suo)和(he)南(nan)陵縣文(wen)物管(guan)理所(suo)組(zu)成的(de)(de)考古(gu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)隊，對南(nan)陵縣大工(gong)(gong)山(shan)區西邊沖古(gu)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)址進行(xing)發(fa)(fa)掘。發(fa)(fa)掘揭露(lu)面(mian)積400平(ping)方(fang)米，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)春秋時(shi)期煉(lian)銅(tong)爐(lu)5座(zuo)，其(qi)中1號(hao)爐(lu)的(de)(de)爐(lu)基結構(gou)清(qing)楚(chu)，爐(lu)缸、風(feng)溝、渣(zha)坑保存(cun)完(wan)好。爐(lu)西側有一座(zuo)用(yong)石(shi)塊(kuai)壘(lei)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)房基，長(chang)3米，寬(kuan)4米，是當年(nian)用(yong)以休息和(he)堆(dui)放(fang)冶(ye)銅(tong)器材的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)棚(peng)，爐(lu)前有一片開闊地，是爐(lu)前工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)操(cao)作(zuo)臺，操(cao)作(zuo)臺下是一個(ge)深3米的(de)(de)大渣(zha)坑，用(yong)以存(cun)放(fang)煉(lian)銅(tong)的(de)(de)棄渣(zha)。在操(cao)作(zuo)臺的(de)(de)東(dong)側，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了一塊(kuai)用(yong)于鑄造(zao)青銅(tong)工(gong)(gong)具的(de)(de)石(shi)范(fan),其(qi)型(xing)腔清(qing)晰光滑、澆口明顯。在2號(hao)爐(lu)東(dong)側的(de)(de)灰坑里，發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了大量陶(tao)器殘片，可辨認的(de)(de)器形有夾砂陶(tao)盆(pen)形鼎、高(gao)(gao)足鬲(li)、印紋陶(tao)雙(shuang)耳(er)罐、泥(ni)質陶(tao)高(gao)(gao)柄豆(dou)、原(yuan)始青瓷碗(wan)等春秋時(shi)期的(de)(de)生活用(yong)具。發(fa)(fa)掘過程中還發(fa)(fa)現(xian)了銅(tong)礦石(shi)、小銅(tong)塊(kuai)、小鉛塊(kuai)、小件(jian)銅(tong)器和(he)石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔形銅(tong)渣(zha)、木炭(tan)等冶(ye)銅(tong)生產的(de)(de)原(yuan)料、燃料和(he)工(gong)(gong)具。
銅陵(ling)(ling)市的木魚山、金牛洞，南(nan)陵(ling)(ling)縣的江木沖、塌里牧四處，發現一(yi)批(pi)西周、春秋(qiu)煉(lian)鋼豎爐，唐(tang)宋礦石焙燒窯、圓形煉(lian)銅地爐，漢(han)唐(tang)地下采礦場等重要遺跡(ji)，出土(tu)銅錠、銅器、鐵(tie)器、陶器等物(wu)。
大工山(shan)——鳳凰山(shan)銅(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)遺址的(de)(de)發(fa)現，具有(you)極(ji)其重要(yao)的(de)(de)學術價(jia)值。它不僅為尋(xun)找中(zhong)國的(de)(de)“丹陽銅(tong)(tong)”產(chan)地提供了(le)重要(yao)線索和物(wu)證(zheng)，而且為探索中(zhong)國長江中(zhong)下游地區青銅(tong)(tong)文明的(de)(de)起源與發(fa)展(zhan)，研究中(zhong)國古代采(cai)礦(kuang)、冶金技術的(de)(de)歷史(shi)進步，以(yi)及當時(shi)的(de)(de)社(she)會經濟史(shi)等方面，提供了(le)豐富的(de)(de)資料。
銅(tong)(tong)礦的大(da)規模開發(fa)(fa)，是皖南(nan)地區(qu)青銅(tong)(tong)文化(hua)得以(yi)發(fa)(fa)展的一個(ge)重要的動力。20世紀(ji)80年代以(yi)來，在以(yi)大(da)工山(shan)、鳳(feng)凰山(shan)為中心的南(nan)陵、銅(tong)(tong)陵、繁(fan)昌等地先后發(fa)(fa)現周代采銅(tong)(tong)礦井遺(yi)址和銅(tong)(tong)冶煉遺(yi)址數十處(chu)，時代早可達(da)西(xi)周。這(zhe)(zhe)一區(qu)域內還分布著(zhu)眾多西(xi)周至春秋(qiu)時期的遺(yi)址，同(tong)時這(zhe)(zhe)里也是土(tu)墩(dun)墓分布密集的區(qu)域，如(ru)此繁(fan)盛景象的出現，說明皖南(nan)地區(qu)在周代江南(nan)文化(hua)的發(fa)(fa)展過程中，應占有一個(ge)相當重要的地位。
1996年11月，南陵(ling)縣大工山銅礦遺址和毗鄰的銅陵(ling)鳳(feng)凰山銅礦遺址一起(qi)被(bei)國(guo)務(wu)院批準為第四批全國(guo)文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。
2012年，為加強遺(yi)址保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，銅陵(ling)(ling)市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)局委(wei)托(tuo)安徽(hui)(hui)省文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)中心編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)了鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址總(zong)體保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)作計劃(hua)(hua)(hua)，并正(zheng)式向(xiang)國(guo)家文(wen)物(wu)局申請保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)立項(xiang)。2013年10月，國(guo)家文(wen)物(wu)局正(zheng)式批復同意鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)立項(xiang)。同時，銅陵(ling)(ling)市(shi)委(wei)托(tuo)專業規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)單位，聯合安徽(hui)(hui)省考古(gu)研究所，做好鳳凰(huang)山(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺(yi)址保(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)編(bian)(bian)制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作。
2018年，銅(tong)陵市(shi)啟動第三批市(shi)級文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)保(bao)護(hu)標志碑、界樁制(zhi)作以及環(huan)境整治(zhi)項目招標工(gong)作。對文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)、歷(li)史建筑與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產(chan)規(gui)(gui)劃編制(zhi)項目。推進國保(bao)單(dan)位(wei)大(da)工(gong)山—鳳凰山銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)址和(he)浮(fu)山摩崖(ya)石刻的保(bao)護(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃編制(zhi)；積極開展《銅(tong)陵市(shi)歷(li)史建筑與(yu)工(gong)業(ye)遺(yi)產(chan)保(bao)護(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃》編制(zhi)工(gong)作。
據(ju)史書記載(zai)，漢(han)(han)(han)代產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)地不少，相對于全(quan)國各地設置的(de)(de)37處(chu)鹽官、48處(chu)鐵(tie)官而言，當時(shi)(shi)政(zheng)權只(zhi)在(zai)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)設了(le)一處(chu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)官，丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)官在(zai)漢(han)(han)(han)代青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)文明(ming)、青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上(shang)的(de)(de)地位由此可(ke)見。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)繁昌區(qu)東(dong)南(nan)五十里，出(chu)好銅(tong)(tong)(tong)，古所謂(wei)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據(ju)《史記》、《漢(han)(han)(han)書》記載(zai)西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)政(zheng)權曾設的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)官于今天的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)官山(shan)(shan)下，鳳凰山(shan)(shan)地區(qu)發(fa)現的(de)(de)西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦采(cai)冶遺址，很可(ke)能就(jiu)(jiu)是屬于當時(shi)(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)官管轄下的(de)(de)一個(ge)地區(qu)性采(cai)冶場所。還有(you)一些刻有(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)銘文鏡。“漢(han)(han)(han)有(you)善銅(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”，當時(shi)(shi)好的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)曾是古地區(qu)名(ming)，又稱“丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)地區(qu)西(xi)漢(han)(han)(han)隸屬于“丹(dan)(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，以(yi)今天的(de)(de)行政(zheng)區(qu)劃看，其轄區(qu)包括安(an)(an)徽池州以(yi)東(dong)，江蘇句容以(yi)西(xi)，北至(zhi)長江南(nan)岸，南(nan)抵(di)浙(zhe)江安(an)(an)吉(ji)一帶，大致包括了(le)今天的(de)(de)宣(xuan)城地區(qu)。皖(wan)南(nan)古代銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦生產(chan)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)原料(liao)(liao)大致有(you)三個(ge)去向(xiang)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)原料(liao)(liao)外運、就(jiu)(jiu)地加工、在(zai)礦區(qu)附近鑄錢。從《六安(an)(an)出(chu)土銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡》、《皖(wan)江漢(han)(han)(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡選粹》等(deng)公開發(fa)表的(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)(liao)看，皖(wan)南(nan)有(you)可(ke)能是戰國漢(han)(han)(han)魏時(shi)(shi)期銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡的(de)(de)一個(ge)鑄造中心。
我心明亮 
