大工山(shan)(shan)銅礦(kuang)遺址面積約400平方(fang)公(gong)里，從(cong)公(gong)元前11世紀至(zhi)公(gong)元1279年，南陵(ling)(ling)大工山(shan)(shan)銅礦(kuang)從(cong)西周到南宋，延續(xu)時(shi)間長達兩千余年，其采冶、煉銅十萬余噸，可(ke)供打造百萬件的(de)青(qing)銅器。銅在(zai)戰國時(shi)期是戰略意(yi)義的(de)物資，南陵(ling)(ling)銅質優(you)量大。據史料記載，楚國在(zai)消(xiao)滅越國之(zhi)后(hou)，旋即在(zai)皖南設(she)置(zhi)“陵(ling)(ling)陽郡”，所產銅材被譽為“陵(ling)(ling)陽之(zhi)金(jin)”。
1984年開始，南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)管部(bu)門在(zai)第二次(ci)全國(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物普查(cha)(cha)中(zhong)，發現(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)大(da)工山一帶(dai)的(de)(de)地(di)表存有大(da)量陶片，甚至連農民(min)的(de)(de)菜園地(di)里都有，還(huan)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)多處疑為人工開鑿(zao)的(de)(de)坑(keng)道以及(ji)多處古人生活及(ji)燒烤的(de)(de)痕跡。南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)管所將這一發現(xian)(xian)(xian)逐(zhu)級上報，引(yin)起(qi)了(le)(le)蕪湖(hu)市(shi)、安徽省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物部(bu)門的(de)(de)高度重視。1986年，安徽省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物考古研究所的(de)(de)專家(jia)們根(gen)據南(nan)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物普查(cha)(cha)情況(kuang)對南(nan)陵(ling)境內這些(xie)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)進行了(le)(le)專題調查(cha)(cha)和復查(cha)(cha)，終確定了(le)(le)它(ta)就是湮沒在(zai)地(di)下、沉睡了(le)(le)千(qian)年的(de)(de)古銅冶遺址(zhi)。
1987年開始(shi)，安徽省(sheng)銅陵市文物部(bu)門先后(hou)多(duo)次對鳳凰山銅礦遺(yi)址進行搶救性清理發掘，清理出(chu)多(duo)處(chu)古代(dai)采(cai)礦井(jing)巷(xiang)和一批采(cai)掘生產工具(ju)，并在(zai)附近相繼發現(xian)了不少采(cai)礦和冶煉遺(yi)址。
大工山銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)括(kuo)塌(ta)里牧(mu)銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、江(jiang)(jiang)木沖(chong)冶(ye)煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、劉家井冶(ye)煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、破頭山采礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。塌(ta)里牧(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于大工山西北部(bu)，距縣城18公里，與另一處古銅(tong)礦遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)江(jiang)(jiang)木沖(chong)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔山相守。塌(ta)里牧(mu)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西面毗鄰銅(tong)陵市，占地面積22萬平方米。是一處集采礦、冶(ye)煉(lian)為一體的自漢至宋代時期(qi)的遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發源于大工山的江(jiang)(jiang)木沖(chong)河流經遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東側(ce)，匯入(ru)繁(fan)昌黃滸河，由(you)荻港(gang)入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)。
1991年10月至12月，安徽(hui)省文物(wu)考古研究所和(he)南(nan)陵縣文物(wu)管理所組成的(de)(de)(de)考古工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)隊(dui)，對南(nan)陵縣大工(gong)(gong)山區西邊沖古銅礦遺址進行發掘(jue)。發掘(jue)揭(jie)露面積400平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)，發現春秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)期煉銅爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)5座，其(qi)中(zhong)1號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)基(ji)結構(gou)清(qing)楚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)缸(gang)、風溝(gou)、渣坑(keng)保存完好。爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)西側有一座用石(shi)塊(kuai)壘筑的(de)(de)(de)房基(ji)，長3米(mi)(mi)，寬4米(mi)(mi)，是(shi)當年用以休息(xi)和(he)堆放冶銅器材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)棚，爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)前(qian)有一片(pian)開闊(kuo)地，是(shi)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)前(qian)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)操作(zuo)(zuo)臺，操作(zuo)(zuo)臺下是(shi)一個深3米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大渣坑(keng)，用以存放煉銅的(de)(de)(de)棄渣。在操作(zuo)(zuo)臺的(de)(de)(de)東側，發現了一塊(kuai)用于(yu)鑄造(zao)青(qing)銅工(gong)(gong)具的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)范,其(qi)型(xing)腔清(qing)晰光滑、澆口明顯。在2號爐(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)東側的(de)(de)(de)灰坑(keng)里(li)，發現了大量陶(tao)器殘片(pian)，可辨認的(de)(de)(de)器形有夾(jia)砂陶(tao)盆形鼎、高足鬲(li)、印紋陶(tao)雙耳罐、泥質(zhi)陶(tao)高柄豆、原始青(qing)瓷碗等春秋(qiu)(qiu)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)生活用具。發掘(jue)過(guo)程中(zhong)還發現了銅礦石(shi)、小(xiao)(xiao)銅塊(kuai)、小(xiao)(xiao)鉛(qian)塊(kuai)、小(xiao)(xiao)件(jian)銅器和(he)石(shi)球、礪石(shi)、石(shi)臼、塔(ta)形銅渣、木(mu)炭等冶銅生產的(de)(de)(de)原料、燃料和(he)工(gong)(gong)具。
銅陵(ling)市的(de)木魚山、金牛(niu)洞(dong)，南陵(ling)縣的(de)江(jiang)木沖、塌(ta)里(li)牧四處，發現一批西(xi)周、春(chun)秋煉鋼豎爐(lu)，唐(tang)宋礦石(shi)焙(bei)燒窯(yao)、圓(yuan)形煉銅地爐(lu)，漢唐(tang)地下采礦場等(deng)重要遺跡，出土銅錠、銅器、鐵器、陶器等(deng)物(wu)。
大工山——鳳凰山銅礦(kuang)遺址(zhi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)，具有極其(qi)重要的(de)學(xue)術價值。它(ta)不僅(jin)為(wei)尋找中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)“丹陽銅”產地(di)提供(gong)(gong)了重要線索(suo)和物證，而(er)且為(wei)探索(suo)中(zhong)(zhong)國長江中(zhong)(zhong)下游(you)地(di)區青銅文(wen)明的(de)起源(yuan)與發(fa)(fa)展，研究中(zhong)(zhong)國古代采礦(kuang)、冶金技(ji)術的(de)歷史進步，以(yi)及當時的(de)社會經(jing)濟(ji)史等(deng)方面(mian)，提供(gong)(gong)了豐富的(de)資料。
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)的大規模開發(fa)，是(shi)皖(wan)南(nan)地(di)區(qu)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)文化(hua)得(de)以發(fa)展的一個(ge)重要(yao)的動力。20世(shi)紀(ji)80年代以來，在以大工山、鳳(feng)凰山為(wei)中心的南(nan)陵(ling)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)陵(ling)、繁昌等地(di)先后發(fa)現周(zhou)代采銅(tong)(tong)(tong)礦(kuang)井遺(yi)(yi)址和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)冶煉(lian)遺(yi)(yi)址數(shu)十處，時(shi)代早可達西周(zhou)。這(zhe)一區(qu)域內還分(fen)布(bu)著眾多(duo)西周(zhou)至春秋時(shi)期(qi)的遺(yi)(yi)址，同時(shi)這(zhe)里也是(shi)土墩墓分(fen)布(bu)密集的區(qu)域，如此繁盛(sheng)景象(xiang)的出現，說明(ming)皖(wan)南(nan)地(di)區(qu)在周(zhou)代江南(nan)文化(hua)的發(fa)展過程中，應占(zhan)有一個(ge)相當重要(yao)的地(di)位。
1996年11月，南(nan)陵縣大工山銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)和毗鄰的銅(tong)陵鳳凰(huang)山銅(tong)礦(kuang)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)一起被國(guo)務院批(pi)準(zhun)為第(di)四批(pi)全國(guo)文物保護單位(wei)。
2012年(nian)，為加強遺(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，銅陵市(shi)文(wen)物局委托安徽省(sheng)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)中心編制了鳳凰山(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址總體保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作計劃(hua)(hua)，并正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)向國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物局申(shen)請保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)編制立項。2013年(nian)10月，國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)物局正(zheng)式(shi)(shi)批復同(tong)意鳳凰山(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)編制立項。同(tong)時(shi)，銅陵市(shi)委托專(zhuan)業規劃(hua)(hua)編制單位(wei)，聯(lian)合安徽省(sheng)考古研究所，做好(hao)鳳凰山(shan)銅礦遺(yi)址保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)的編制工(gong)(gong)作。
2018年(nian)，銅陵(ling)市啟動第三批市級文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)標(biao)志碑、界樁制作(zuo)以及環(huan)境整治項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)招標(biao)工(gong)作(zuo)。對文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)、歷史建筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)業遺產規劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。推進國(guo)保(bao)(bao)單(dan)位(wei)大(da)工(gong)山—鳳凰山銅礦遺址和浮山摩崖石刻的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制；積極開展《銅陵(ling)市歷史建筑(zhu)與(yu)工(gong)業遺產保(bao)(bao)護(hu)規劃(hua)(hua)》編(bian)制工(gong)作(zuo)。
據(ju)(ju)史書(shu)記載，漢(han)代(dai)產(chan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)地(di)(di)不少，相對于全國各地(di)(di)設(she)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)37處鹽官、48處鐵官而(er)言(yan)，當(dang)時(shi)政權只在(zai)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)設(she)了一處銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官，丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官在(zai)漢(han)代(dai)青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)文明、青銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)工業上的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位由此可見。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)繁昌區(qu)東(dong)南(nan)五十(shi)里，出(chu)好銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，古(gu)所(suo)謂丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”。據(ju)(ju)《史記》、《漢(han)書(shu)》記載西(xi)漢(han)政權曾(ceng)設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官于今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官山(shan)(shan)(shan)下，鳳凰山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)漢(han)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦采冶(ye)遺址(zhi)，很可能就是(shi)屬于當(dang)時(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)官管轄下的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)地(di)(di)區(qu)性采冶(ye)場所(suo)。還有(you)一些刻有(you)“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)銘(ming)文鏡(jing)。“漢(han)有(you)善(shan)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)出(chu)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)”，當(dang)時(shi)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)。丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)曾(ceng)是(shi)古(gu)地(di)(di)區(qu)名，又稱“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)陵地(di)(di)區(qu)西(xi)漢(han)隸屬于“丹(dan)(dan)陽(yang)(yang)郡”，以(yi)今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行政區(qu)劃看，其轄區(qu)包括(kuo)安(an)徽池州以(yi)東(dong)，江(jiang)蘇(su)句容以(yi)西(xi)，北至長江(jiang)南(nan)岸，南(nan)抵浙(zhe)江(jiang)安(an)吉一帶，大致包括(kuo)了今天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)宣(xuan)城(cheng)地(di)(di)區(qu)。皖南(nan)古(gu)代(dai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)礦生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料(liao)大致有(you)三個(ge)去向(xiang)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)原(yuan)料(liao)外運、就地(di)(di)加工、在(zai)礦區(qu)附近鑄(zhu)錢。從《六安(an)出(chu)土(tu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)》、《皖江(jiang)漢(han)魏銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)選粹》等公開發(fa)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao)看，皖南(nan)有(you)可能是(shi)戰國漢(han)魏時(shi)期銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)鑄(zhu)造中心。
我心明亮 
