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地理位置

陳(chen)(chen)(chen)山(shan)舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器出土(tu)地點(dian)，又稱向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)，位于宣州市向(xiang)(xiang)陽(yang)鄉夏村趙邊生(sheng)產隊。東(dong)經(jing)118°52’，北緯30°52’，西(xi)北距宣州市區(qu)15公(gong)里，水(shui)陽(yang)江在東(dong)北1000米處(chu)自東(dong)南(nan)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)北流經(jing)。舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器出土(tu)于一條西(xi)南(nan)——東(dong)北走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)隴崗東(dong)北端，當地俗稱“陳(chen)(chen)(chen)山(shan)”。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)山(shan)屬黃山(shan)山(shan)脈的(de)余脈，海拔40-50米，地質(zhi)分區(qu)屬下(xia)揚(yang)子(zi)地層分區(qu)常州——宣城地區(qu)小區(qu)。舊(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)器地點(dian)面積達14萬平方米。

發掘

1987年省(sheng)考古研究(jiu)所調查發現(xian)，1988年上半年試掘。

試掘(jue)是(shi)依剖面邊緣(yuan)開(kai)挖探(tan)溝的，根據地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可分為10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)褐(he)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)0.6-1.15米(mi)，為全新世以后(hou)擾(rao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，最(zui)厚(hou)(hou)處0.55米(mi)。第(di)(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)0.1-2.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，桔(jie)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)0-0.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐(he)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)0.2-1.5米(mi)。第(di)(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕(zong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)3.2-4.8米(mi)。第(di)(di)7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)(huang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，間有(you)(you)桔(jie)黃(huang)(huang)、灰黃(huang)(huang)等雜色(se)，厚(hou)(hou)0.9-1.4米(mi)。第(di)(di)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，淺(qian)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，也有(you)(you)棕(zong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡黃(huang)(huang)等結核(he)病色(se)，厚(hou)(hou)0.85-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，紫(zi)色(se)粉(fen)(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，厚(hou)(hou)0.35-1.1米(mi)。第(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，網紋(wen)化礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在第(di)(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之上的9至2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都發現有(you)(you)石(shi)器，尤其(qi)第(di)(di)2、3、6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最(zui)多。地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中沒(mei)有(you)(you)發現哺乳動物化石(shi)。根據堆積物的巖性(xing)，將(jiang)2至5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分為上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，6至9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

調查和試(shi)掘獲得石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)標(biao)本200多件(jian)，其(qi)中試(shi)掘時獲得的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)本141件(jian)，有(you)(you)明顯的(de)人類(lei)加工痕(hen)跡標(biao)本79件(jian)，包(bao)括毛胚和石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)。肉眼可見的(de)簡單加工和使(shi)用痕(hen)跡的(de)標(biao)本3件(jian)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)巖性大(da)多數為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)巖，其(qi)次是砂(sha)巖和石(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖，只有(you)(you)少量的(de)硅質巖。經(jing)過初步觀察(cha)，各層石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)形制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造工藝變化不大(da)，依據地層分早(zao)、晚(wan)兩期(qi)。早(zao)期(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)類(lei)型有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)核、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)伐(fa)器(qi)(qi)、尖狀器(qi)(qi)、尖狀——砍(kan)(kan)(kan)器(qi)(qi)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)斫(zhuo)器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)錘(chui)、刮削器(qi)(qi)等。晚(wan)期(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)類(lei)型有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)片(pian)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)核、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)伐(fa)器(qi)(qi)、砍(kan)(kan)(kan)斫(zhuo)器(qi)(qi)、刮削器(qi)(qi)、尖狀器(qi)(qi)，沒發現尖狀——砍(kan)(kan)(kan)器(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)錘(chui)。向陽舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地點下(xia)層，即第(di)(di)6層和第(di)(di)9層堆(dui)積屬于(yu)中更新世(shi)“網(wang)紋紅(hong)土”，所出(chu)文化遺物為(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代(dai)早(zao)期(qi)。上層即第(di)(di)2層至5層堆(dui)積屬于(yu)晚(wan)更新世(shi)的(de)“下(xia)蜀黃土”，所出(chu)文化遺物為(wei)舊(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時代(dai)中晚(wan)期(qi)。

歷史意義

陳(chen)山遺(yi)址是(shi)地(di)處水(shui)陽(yang)江中游(you)十余處同類舊(jiu)石器地(di)點(dian)的(de)(de)中心(xin)，遺(yi)址面(mian)積大，延續(xu)時代長。它完(wan)整連續(xu)的(de)(de)地(di)層剖面(mian)，已成為多學(xue)科綜合研究華南(nan)更新世環境變遷與早期(qi)人類生活背景所(suo)關注的(de)(de)焦點(dian)。

水陽(yang)江的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點群，共(gong)有(you)10多個舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點，它們代表了長江下游的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時代文化(hua)(hua)，而向(xiang)陽(yang)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點面積大，文化(hua)(hua)層堆積厚，遺(yi)物豐富，可(ke)成為(wei)長江下游一(yi)處標準舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點。經研究(jiu)認(ren)為(wei)，向(xiang)陽(yang)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先民，可(ke)能過著(zhu)半定居的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)，并(bing)已學會了用(yong)火，過著(zhu)采集(ji)為(wei)主、捕獵(lie)為(wei)輔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)。這(zhe)些出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是他(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始生產工具，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)痕跡。向(xiang)陽(yang)陳山舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現和(he)試(shi)掘，有(you)助于增加對這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊(jiu)石(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認(ren)識(shi)，所獲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)物為(wei)進一(yi)步(bu)研究(jiu)古人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)生產、生活(huo)(huo)提供了可(ke)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實物資料。