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地理位置

陳山(shan)(shan)舊(jiu)石器(qi)出土地點，又稱向陽舊(jiu)石器(qi)地點，位于宣(xuan)(xuan)州(zhou)市(shi)向陽鄉夏村趙邊(bian)生產隊。東經118°52’，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)緯30°52’，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)距宣(xuan)(xuan)州(zhou)市(shi)區(qu)15公里，水陽江在(zai)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)1000米(mi)處自東南向西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)流經。舊(jiu)石器(qi)出土于一條西(xi)南——東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)走向的隴崗東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)端，當(dang)地俗稱“陳山(shan)(shan)”。陳山(shan)(shan)屬黃山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈的余脈，海拔40-50米(mi)，地質分區(qu)屬下揚子地層(ceng)分區(qu)常州(zhou)——宣(xuan)(xuan)城地區(qu)小區(qu)。舊(jiu)石器(qi)地點面積達14萬平方米(mi)。

發掘

1987年(nian)省考古研(yan)究所調查發(fa)現，1988年(nian)上半年(nian)試掘(jue)。

試掘是(shi)依剖面邊緣開挖探溝的，根據(ju)地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可分為10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)1層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.6-1.15米(mi)，為全(quan)新世以后擾土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。第(di)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，最(zui)厚(hou)處0.55米(mi)。第(di)3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.1-2.5米(mi)。第(di)4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，桔(jie)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0-0.8米(mi)。第(di)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.2-1.5米(mi)。第(di)6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，棕紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)3.2-4.8米(mi)。第(di)7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，黃(huang)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，間有(you)桔(jie)黃(huang)、灰黃(huang)等(deng)雜色(se)(se)(se)(se)，厚(hou)0.9-1.4米(mi)。第(di)8層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，淺黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，也有(you)棕紅、淡黃(huang)等(deng)結核病色(se)(se)(se)(se)，厚(hou)0.85-1.1米(mi)。第(di)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，紫色(se)(se)(se)(se)粉(fen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)質(zhi)粘(zhan)(zhan)土(tu)，厚(hou)0.35-1.1米(mi)。第(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，網(wang)紋化(hua)礫石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。在第(di)10層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)礫石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之上的9至(zhi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)都發現有(you)石器，尤(you)其第(di)2、3、6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最(zui)多。地層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)發現哺乳(ru)動物化(hua)石。根據(ju)堆積物的巖性(xing)，將2至(zhi)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分為上層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，6至(zhi)9層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為下層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。

調(diao)查(cha)和試(shi)掘獲得(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)本(ben)200多件，其(qi)中試(shi)掘時(shi)獲得(de)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)本(ben)141件，有(you)明顯的(de)人類加工痕跡(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)本(ben)79件，包括(kuo)毛胚和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片。肉眼(yan)可(ke)見的(de)簡單加工和使(shi)用痕跡(ji)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)本(ben)3件。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)性大(da)(da)多數為(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂巖(yan)(yan)，其(qi)次(ci)是(shi)砂巖(yan)(yan)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英巖(yan)(yan)，只(zhi)有(you)少量的(de)硅質(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)。經(jing)過初(chu)步(bu)觀察，各(ge)層石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)的(de)形制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造工藝變(bian)化(hua)不大(da)(da)，依據地(di)層分早、晚(wan)兩期(qi)(qi)。早期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)類型有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核、砍伐(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)(jian)(jian)狀器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)(jian)(jian)狀——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘、刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)類型有(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)核、砍伐(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、砍斫器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、刮削器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、尖(jian)(jian)(jian)狀器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，沒發現尖(jian)(jian)(jian)狀——砍器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘。向陽舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)點下(xia)層，即第6層和第9層堆積(ji)屬于中更新世“網紋紅土”，所(suo)出文化(hua)遺物為(wei)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)早期(qi)(qi)。上層即第2層至5層堆積(ji)屬于晚(wan)更新世的(de)“下(xia)蜀(shu)黃土”，所(suo)出文化(hua)遺物為(wei)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)中晚(wan)期(qi)(qi)。

歷史意義

陳山遺(yi)址是地(di)(di)處(chu)水陽江中游十余處(chu)同類舊石器(qi)地(di)(di)點的(de)中心，遺(yi)址面積大，延續時代(dai)長(chang)。它(ta)完(wan)整連續的(de)地(di)(di)層剖(pou)面，已(yi)成為(wei)多學科綜合研(yan)究華南更新世環境變遷與(yu)早期人類生活背景(jing)所關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)焦(jiao)點。

水陽江的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點群，共有(you)10多個舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點，它們代(dai)表了(le)長(chang)江下(xia)游的(de)(de)一(yi)種新的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)代(dai)文(wen)化(hua)，而(er)向陽舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點面積(ji)大，文(wen)化(hua)層堆積(ji)厚，遺物豐富，可成為長(chang)江下(xia)游一(yi)處標(biao)準舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點。經研(yan)究認(ren)為，向陽舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)先民，可能過(guo)著(zhu)半定(ding)居的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活，并已(yi)學會了(le)用(yong)(yong)火，過(guo)著(zhu)采集為主、捕獵為輔的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活。這(zhe)些(xie)出土的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)是他們的(de)(de)原始生(sheng)(sheng)產工具，有(you)的(de)(de)有(you)明顯的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)痕跡(ji)。向陽陳山舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)點的(de)(de)發現和試掘，有(you)助于增加對這(zhe)種新的(de)(de)舊(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)認(ren)識，所獲(huo)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)遺物為進一(yi)步研(yan)究古人類的(de)(de)發展和生(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)活提供了(le)可貴的(de)(de)實(shi)物資料。