安徽揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)國家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區,是(shi)中國較大的揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)基地,以揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)及其棲息(xi)地為主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象。這里(li)既是(shi)一片(pian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區和科(ke)研基地,也(ye)是(shi)一處風景優美(mei)的旅游(you)觀光(guang)勝地,以自(zi)然風光(guang)為基調,以揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)為龍頭景點,集(ji)多(duo)種珍稀動(dong)物(wu)為觀賞主體,對(dui)揚(yang)子(zi)(zi)鱷(e)(e)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和繁殖也(ye)起到了非(fei)常重(zhong)要的作用。
保護區由朱村(cun)片(pian)(pian)、高井廟(miao)片(pian)(pian)、楊林(lin)片(pian)(pian)、紅星片(pian)(pian)、夏(xia)渡片(pian)(pian)、雙坑片(pian)(pian)、中橋片(pian)(pian)、長樂(le)片(pian)(pian)8個片(pian)(pian)區構成,以中國鱷(e)魚湖為(wei)主要(yao)游覽地點,開(kai)辟(pi)了熊池、猴(hou)島、鹿園(yuan)、竹樓、跑馬(ma)場、垂釣區、鱷(e)魚表演、兒童(tong)樂(le)園(yuan)等20多個景(jing)點。
滬渝高速公(gong)路(lu)從宣城(cheng)西/南陵/涇縣/宣城(cheng)市開(kai)發區出口離(li)開(kai),沿(yan)寶城(cheng)路(lu)→水陽江南大道→X011即可(ke)。
安徽揚子鱷國家級自然保護區地理坐標(biao)為:東經(jing)118°30′-119°35′,北緯30°18′-31°18′。
保(bao)護區(qu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處長(chang)江下游丘(qiu)陵平原水(shui)網區(qu),為皖南山區(qu)向(xiang)長(chang)江沿岸平原的過渡地(di)(di)帶,海拔20~200米,包括河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、湖泊濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)等濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)類型,主要(yao)由(you)青戈江、水(shui)陽江、漳河、南漪湖等水(shui)體及周邊沼澤灘(tan)地(di)(di)組成。
保護區屬北亞熱帶(dai)濕(shi)潤(run)和暖溫帶(dai)半(ban)溫潤(run)季風(feng)氣候,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫15.9℃,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量約1294毫米,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度28%,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜(shuang)期229天。
保護區內(nei)南(nan)漪湖(hu)為(wei)(wei)宣城(cheng)市(shi)內(nei)的(de)天然(ran)湖(hu)泊,分為(wei)(wei)東西二湖(hu),湖(hu)面面積(ji)約為(wei)(wei)100平方千米,水(shui)位為(wei)(wei)8.5米時,總(zong)蓄水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)3.5億立(li)方米,入(ru)湖(hu)水(shui)流發源于南(nan)面山區,出水(shui)經水(shui)陽江向北流入(ru)長江。
保護(hu)區土壤(rang)類型以紅土壤(rang)、水稻土、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)等(deng)為主。
1979年1月,經安徽省(sheng)政(zheng)府批準在原宣城縣南郊(jiao)創建“安徽省(sheng)揚子鱷養殖(zhi)場(chang)”。
1982年6月,安徽省政府批準成立(li)安徽省揚(yang)子鱷自(zi)然保護區。
1986年,保護區升級為國家(jia)(jia)級自然保護區,更名為“安徽揚子鱷國家(jia)(jia)級自然保護區”。
保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)有(you)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong),真菌116種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)776種(zhong)(zhong),其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)28種(zhong)(zhong)、裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)、被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)736種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)2種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括(kuo)水杉、銀杏;國(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)5種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括(kuo)香樟等(deng)。作為揚(yang)子(zi)鱷洞穴隱蔽(bi)及營巢用(yong)的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)44種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)340種(zhong)(zhong),其中魚類有(you)54種(zhong)(zhong),兩棲(qi)類有(you)24種(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行類有(you)50種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類有(you)176種(zhong)(zhong),獸(shou)類有(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)。此外,還(huan)有(you)昆蟲類470種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)4種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括(kuo)揚(yang)子(zi)鱷、云(yun)豹(bao)、黑麂和梅花鹿;國(guo)(guo)家二級(ji)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)26種(zhong)(zhong),包(bao)括(kuo)虎紋蛙(wa)、鴛鴦、白鷴、勺雞、穿山甲、小靈貓等(deng)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)揚(yang)子(zi)鱷主要分布區(qu)(qu)之一(yi),有(you)揚(yang)子(zi)鱷分布的(de)池塘面(mian)積約(yue)0.41平方千米,分布有(you)揚(yang)子(zi)鱷約(yue)150條。
保護區(qu)內植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以(yi)亞熱帶常綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉林為主,其中丘陵地區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以(yi)灌草叢(cong)為主。人工營造經濟林主要有馬(ma)尾松、國外松、杉木、茶(cha)樹(shu)及毛竹、油桐(tong)等(deng)樹(shu)種。