大(da)(da)殿始建于宋慶(qing)歷四年(1044),政和二年(1112),紹興(xing)九年(1139)復回原址,明成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)化十八年(1482)重(zhong)建,幾經廢興(xing)。漳(zhang)州府(fu)學亦(yi)設于此。現建筑由(you)儀(yi)門、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門、兩廡、丹墀、祭(ji)臺、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿等(deng)(deng)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),占(zhan)地面(mian)積2600多平方(fang)米。朱(zhu)熹知漳(zhang)州,曾每旬之二日必領官屬至此“視(shi)諸生講小學為正義”。鄭成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功、黃(huang)道周等(deng)(deng)都曾到(dao)此祭(ji)祀(si)孔子。
主(zhu)體建(jian)筑大成(cheng)殿,為明(ming)(ming)代建(jian)筑,坐(zuo)北朝南,面闊五間(23.2米(mi)),進(jin)深六(liu)間(23.7米(mi)),重(zhong)檐歇山頂。花(hua)崗巖(yan)大石(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)支撐著(zhu)抬梁式(shi)木構架,下檐梁架皆為插入金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)的三步梁架,硬挑單挑出檐。金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)柱(zhu)(zhu)徑達0.8米(mi)。上(shang)檐在額(e)枋之上(shang)施(shi)彎(wan)(wan)拱(gong)(gong)疊枋偷心(xin)式(shi)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)一(yi)圈,除(chu)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭及轉角外(wai),補間斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)施(shi)一(yi)至二(er)朵(duo),斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)外(wai)檐出檐部分(fen)為七鋪作單抄三下昂(ang)單拱(gong)(gong)偷心(xin),斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)之上(shang)設井口天花(hua)。屋檐起翹(qiao)顯(xian)著(zhu),兩(liang)山山尖升起較高(gao),正脊彎(wan)(wan)起,山花(hua)挑出山柱(zhu)(zhu)之外(wai),保留(liu)了早期閩南建(jian)筑特(te)征,具有許(xu)多宋元木構手法。殿前六(liu)根蟠(pan)龍(long)檐柱(zhu)(zhu),形象生動,雕工(gong)精(jing)美,是閩南大型殿堂建(jian)筑的重(zhong)要實例。廟(miao)內尚存元延祐、明(ming)(ming)洪武和正德、清康熙以及1924年(nian)和1936年(nian)立的重(zhong)修碑碣。其中1924年(nian)的《重(zhong)修漳州學宮(gong)碑》為康有為晚年(nian)所(suo)撰并書,筆(bi)力雄健。
2001年漳州(zhou)府文廟大(da)成殿作為明代的(de)古建筑(zhu),被國(guo)務院(yuan)列入第五批全國(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)。