大(da)殿(dian)始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)宋慶歷四年(1044),政和(he)二年(1112),紹興九(jiu)年(1139)復回(hui)原址,明成(cheng)化十八年(1482)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian),幾經廢(fei)興。漳州府學亦設于(yu)此(ci)。現建(jian)(jian)筑由(you)儀門、大(da)成(cheng)門、兩廡(wu)、丹墀(chi)、祭(ji)臺、大(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)等組成(cheng),占地面積2600多平方米。朱熹知漳州,曾每旬之二日(ri)必領官屬(shu)至此(ci)“視諸(zhu)生講小學為正義”。鄭成(cheng)功(gong)、黃道周等都曾到(dao)此(ci)祭(ji)祀孔子(zi)。
主體建筑大成殿,為(wei)(wei)(wei)明代建筑,坐北朝南(nan),面闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(23.2米),進深六間(jian)(23.7米),重檐(yan)(yan)(yan)歇山(shan)頂。花(hua)崗巖大石柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)支撐著(zhu)抬(tai)梁(liang)式木(mu)構架(jia)(jia),下檐(yan)(yan)(yan)梁(liang)架(jia)(jia)皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)插(cha)入(ru)金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)三步梁(liang)架(jia)(jia),硬挑(tiao)(tiao)單(dan)(dan)挑(tiao)(tiao)出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)。金(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)徑達0.8米。上檐(yan)(yan)(yan)在額枋之(zhi)上施彎(wan)拱(gong)(gong)疊枋偷心式斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)一圈(quan),除柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭及轉(zhuan)角外,補間(jian)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)施一至(zhi)二朵,斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)外檐(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)部分為(wei)(wei)(wei)七鋪作單(dan)(dan)抄三下昂單(dan)(dan)拱(gong)(gong)偷心,斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)之(zhi)上設(she)井口天(tian)花(hua)。屋檐(yan)(yan)(yan)起翹(qiao)顯著(zhu),兩(liang)山(shan)山(shan)尖(jian)升起較高,正脊(ji)彎(wan)起,山(shan)花(hua)挑(tiao)(tiao)出(chu)(chu)山(shan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)外,保留了早(zao)期閩南(nan)建筑特征,具(ju)有許多宋元木(mu)構手法。殿前(qian)六根蟠龍檐(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),形象生動,雕工精美,是閩南(nan)大型(xing)殿堂建筑的(de)重要實例。廟內尚(shang)存元延祐、明洪武和正德、清康熙(xi)以及1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)和1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)立的(de)重修碑碣。其中(zhong)1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)《重修漳州學宮碑》為(wei)(wei)(wei)康有為(wei)(wei)(wei)晚年(nian)(nian)(nian)所撰并書,筆力雄健。
2001年漳州府(fu)文(wen)(wen)廟大成殿作為明代的(de)古建筑,被(bei)國(guo)務院列入第五批全國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位。