簡介
廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)位于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)寧省(sheng)遼(liao)西(xi)走廊(lang)錦州(zhou)市古(gu)塔(ta)區(qu)(qu)(qu)老城。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積2900平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。該寺(si)(si)(si)(si)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)隋(sui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)業七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(611年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名(ming)普濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si),遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)寧年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1055-1064年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷經明清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)兩代多次(ci)維修,現存(cun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部為明清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)以(yi)廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)為主體,包括廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、昭忠祠(ci)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)寧三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1057年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),體量大(da)(da)(da)(da),工藝(yi)(yi)精(jing)美(mei),具(ju)(ju)遼(liao)代風(feng)格。天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)雍(yong)正(zheng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),磚、石、木雕刻精(jing)美(mei),是(shi)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)。昭忠祠(ci)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)光(guang)緒(xu)二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),為紀念甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)戰爭中(zhong)犧牲將士(shi)而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為全國(guo)僅(jin)見。主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)王殿、大(da)(da)(da)(da)殿、北(bei)(bei)庭、配殿等。它們從各方(fang)面(mian)反映了(le)當(dang)地歷史文(wen)化(hua)面(mian)貌,具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)內(nei)(nei)涵和(he)較高研(yan)究價值。 廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)為全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。它由廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)及塔(ta)、天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong)、昭忠祠(ci)和(he)觀音閣組成,占地面(mian)積8140平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),共有(you)(you)(you)房屋68間,古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積2599平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)布局(ju)為塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi),保存(cun)完好,國(guo)內(nei)(nei)少見。以(yi)塔(ta)為軸(zhou)線,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)王殿、關(guan)帝(di)殿、大(da)(da)(da)(da)雄寶殿。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)西(xi)側(ce)為天(tian)后(hou)宮(gong)(gong)(gong),是(shi)我國(guo)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)媽(ma)祖廟,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)雍(yong)正(zheng)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格局(ju)集我國(guo)南北(bei)(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)成,內(nei)(nei)外雕刻極其精(jing)美(mei),可謂是(shi)鬼(gui)斧(fu)神工,精(jing)美(mei)絕(jue)倫。廣(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)東側(ce)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)昭忠祠(ci)及碑(bei)(bei)亭,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)光(guang)緒(xu)二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))。碑(bei)(bei)亭內(nei)(nei)存(cun)有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)唯一(yi)一(yi)處記錄中(zhong)日甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)陸戰的(de)紀事碑(bei)(bei)。古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)中(zhong)舉辦有(you)(you)(you)《甲(jia)(jia)午(wu)忠魂(hun)》、《媽(ma)祖文(wen)化(hua)》、《遼(liao)西(xi)抗(kang)日義勇軍之(zhi)(zhi)歌》、《遼(liao)西(xi)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)民間工藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)》、《宗教藝(yi)(yi)術》等展(zhan)覽。 錦州(zhou)市博(bo)物館名(ming)勝風(feng)景區(qu)(qu)(qu)成立于(yu)(yu)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),是(shi)地方(fang)綜合(he)性博(bo)物館。館藏文(wen)物萬余(yu)件,其中(zhong)商代連(lian)珠紋(wen)青(qing)銅(tong)戈和(he)青(qing)銅(tong)鈴俎(zu)為國(guo)內(nei)(nei)孤(gu)品(pin),現已成為鎮館之(zhi)(zhi)寶。
廣濟寺古建筑群保護
濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)是遼(liao)寧(ning)(ning)省遼(liao)西地區最(zui)古(gu)老、完整的(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)(he)一的(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)廟(miao)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,位于(yu)(yu)古(gu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)區老城北(bei)街,占地1 公頃(qing),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積約2900 平方米。該(gai)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)肇(zhao)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)隋大(da)業辛(xin)未七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(611 年(nian)(nian))初名(ming)“普濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”,遼(liao)清(qing)寧(ning)(ning)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)重(zhong)建(jian),歷(li)經明清(qing)多次(ci)維修,現存(cun)大(da)部分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明清(qing)所建(jian)。該(gai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群是以(yi)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti),包括(kuo)(kuo)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)、天(tian)后(hou)宮和(he)昭忠祠。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)清(qing)寧(ning)(ning)三年(nian)(nian),天(tian)后(hou)宮建(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正三年(nian)(nian),昭忠祠建(jian)于(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒二十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)。主(zhu)要建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包括(kuo)(kuo)廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)(zhong)路的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)王殿、大(da)殿以(yi)及兩側的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)庭、配殿等。廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)體(ti)(ti)量碩大(da),工(gong)藝精美,具(ju)有遼(liao)代(dai)風格。廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)雖經歷(li)代(dai)重(zhong)修,但基(ji)本為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原來規模,雄偉(wei)莊重(zhong)。天(tian)后(hou)宮為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)方地區最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de),磚、石、木雕(diao)刻(ke)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)精美。昭忠祠是光緒為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甲午戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong)犧牲的(de)(de)(de)將士所建(jian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全國僅見。這些建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)多方面(mian)地反映(ying)了當地的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)、科學(xue)和(he)文化面(mian)貌(mao),具(ju)有豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵和(he)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)研究(jiu)價值。 2002年(nian)(nian)1月31日錦州廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)國家重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單位始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)遼(liao)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)錦州廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群日前(qian)正式(shi)入選第五(wu)批國家重(zhong)點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。據新華社報道,廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群位于(yu)(yu)錦州市博物館內,由國內著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)合(he)(he)一的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)剎——廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)及廣(guang)(guang)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)、北(bei)方最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)媽祖廟(miao)——錦州天(tian)后(hou)宮、全國唯一的(de)(de)(de)紀念中(zhong)(zhong)日甲午戰(zhan)爭我陸(lu)戰(zhan)將士的(de)(de)(de)祠堂——昭忠祠、紀事碑(bei)亭等組成。
“九五”以來主要保護內容
廣濟寺古(gu)建筑群維修及天后宮(gong)彩繪保護及規劃。
現存主要問題
油飾(shi)嚴(yan)重脫(tuo)落(luo)。 散水(shui)缺失,椽頭(tou)糟朽,望板(ban)30%糟朽,椽子(zi)毀壞25%,瓦壟脫(tuo)節(jie)(jie),柱子(zi)表面油飾(shi)龜裂(lie)(lie)、局(ju)部(bu)(bu)脫(tuo)落(luo)。 前檐壓面石嚴(yan)重風(feng)化(hua)。 南面臺階(jie)風(feng)化(hua)、碎裂(lie)(lie)嚴(yan)重,壓面石嚴(yan)重風(feng)化(hua)錯位,表面脫(tuo)落(luo)一層;天(tian)花板(ban)彩(cai)繪脫(tuo)落(luo),多處(chu)粉(fen)碎。 前檐壓面石全部(bu)(bu)酥(su)堿。 欄板(ban)望柱全部(bu)(bu)遺失;兩山墻向(xiang)內(nei)凸,內(nei)墻面凸凹不平;西(xi)次間(jian)后(hou)坡下金檁、檐檁劈裂(lie)(lie)長(chang);屋(wu)面長(chang)草、漏雨,脫(tuo)節(jie)(jie),35%屋(wu)面毀壞。
壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴重(zhong)風化(hua)、表面(mian)(mian)脫落,欄桿風化(hua),散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失。 拜(bai)殿(dian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基松動、高低不平(ping)、地伏石(shi)(shi)(shi)全部毀壞。 前(qian)檐(yan)踏垛石(shi)(shi)(shi)、壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)風化(hua),后檐(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)遺(yi)失,散(san)水(shui)無存(cun), 室內墁地方磚凸凹不平(ping)。 由于長年沒(mei)有(you)大門(men)對觀(guan)音殿(dian)的保護十分(fen)不利,現(xian)利用中殿(dian)做為大門(men)對外開放。中殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失,臺(tai)(tai)(tai)明(ming)(ming)完整,壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)松動錯位,大部分(fen)風化(hua)嚴重(zhong)。東西配(pei)殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺(yi)失,后檐(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)明(ming)(ming)遺(yi)失,東配(pei)殿(dian)前(qian)檐(yan)壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)毀壞2 塊。 正殿(dian)后檐(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)明(ming)(ming)壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)遺(yi)失,散(san)水(shui)無存(cun)。
由(you)于年久失修(xiu),排水(shui)不(bu)暢(chang),整體上缺乏有(you)效的保護(hu)措(cuo)施,造成天后宮基礎(chu)下沉,院內其他建筑(zhu)均有(you)不(bu)同程度(du)的基礎(chu)沉降。現院內地面低于外部地表。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容
廣濟寺拜殿(dian)、關帝(di)殿(dian)維(wei)修、天后(hou)宮(gong)一(yi)進院東西配殿(dian)維(wei)修、天后(hou)宮(gong)大殿(dian)維(wei)修、天后(hou)宮(gong)大殿(dian)維(wei)修、廣濟寺圍墻、排水及(ji)其他(ta)維(wei)修、觀音殿(dian)維(wei)修。