簡介
廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)遼(liao)寧省遼(liao)西走廊錦州市古(gu)塔(ta)區老城。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)2900平方米(mi)(mi)。該寺(si)(si)(si)(si)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)隋大(da)(da)業七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(611年(nian)(nian)(nian)),初名(ming)普濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si),遼(liao)清(qing)寧年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(1055-1064年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷(li)(li)經(jing)明清(qing)兩代(dai)多次維修,現(xian)存(cun)(cun)(cun)大(da)(da)部為(wei)(wei)明清(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)以廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)主體,包括廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、天(tian)(tian)后宮、昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)遼(liao)清(qing)寧三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1057年(nian)(nian)(nian)),體量大(da)(da),工(gong)藝(yi)精美(mei),具(ju)(ju)遼(liao)代(dai)風格。天(tian)(tian)后宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1725年(nian)(nian)(nian)),磚、石、木雕(diao)刻精美(mei),是北(bei)方地(di)區最大(da)(da)的天(tian)(tian)后宮。昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒二十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)),為(wei)(wei)紀念甲午(wu)戰(zhan)爭中犧牲(sheng)將(jiang)士而(er)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)僅見。主要(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)還有(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)、大(da)(da)殿(dian)、北(bei)庭、配殿(dian)等(deng)。它們從(cong)各(ge)方面反(fan)映了(le)當地(di)歷(li)(li)史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化面貌,具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)豐富內(nei)涵和(he)(he)較高研究價(jia)值。 廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。它由廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)及(ji)塔(ta)、天(tian)(tian)后宮、昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠和(he)(he)觀音閣(ge)組成,占地(di)面積(ji)8140平方米(mi)(mi),共有(you)(you)(you)房屋68間,古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積(ji)2599平方米(mi)(mi)。廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)布局為(wei)(wei)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)合一,保(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)(cun)完好,國(guo)內(nei)少見。以塔(ta)為(wei)(wei)軸線,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)王殿(dian)、關帝殿(dian)、大(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)。廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)西側為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)后宮,是我國(guo)北(bei)方最大(da)(da)的媽(ma)祖廟,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)雍正三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1725年(nian)(nian)(nian))。其建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)格局集我國(guo)南北(bei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之大(da)(da)成,內(nei)外雕(diao)刻極其精美(mei),可謂是鬼斧神工(gong),精美(mei)絕倫。廣(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)(si)東側建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠及(ji)碑亭,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清(qing)光緒二十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian))。碑亭內(nei)存(cun)(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)內(nei)唯一一處記錄中日(ri)(ri)甲午(wu)陸(lu)戰(zhan)的紀事碑。古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)(qun)中舉辦有(you)(you)(you)《甲午(wu)忠(zhong)魂》、《媽(ma)祖文(wen)(wen)化》、《遼(liao)西抗(kang)日(ri)(ri)義勇(yong)軍之歌(ge)》、《遼(liao)西地(di)區民間工(gong)藝(yi)品(pin)》、《宗教(jiao)藝(yi)術(shu)》等(deng)展覽。 錦州市博物(wu)館名(ming)勝風景區成立于(yu)(yu)(yu)1953年(nian)(nian)(nian),是地(di)方綜(zong)合性博物(wu)館。館藏(zang)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)萬余件,其中商代(dai)連珠紋(wen)青銅戈和(he)(he)青銅鈴俎為(wei)(wei)國(guo)內(nei)孤品(pin),現(xian)已成為(wei)(wei)鎮館之寶(bao)。
廣濟寺古建筑群保護
濟寺(si)(si)(si)是遼(liao)寧(ning)省遼(liao)西(xi)地(di)區最(zui)古(gu)老、完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寺(si)(si)(si)廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,位于(yu)古(gu)塔(ta)區老城北(bei)街,占地(di)1 公頃,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積約(yue)2900 平方(fang)米(mi)。該(gai)寺(si)(si)(si)肇(zhao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)隋(sui)大(da)業辛(xin)未七年(611 年)初名“普濟寺(si)(si)(si)”,遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)寧(ning)年間重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),歷(li)經(jing)明(ming)清(qing)(qing)多次維修(xiu),現存大(da)部分為(wei)明(ming)清(qing)(qing)所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。該(gai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群是以廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)主體,包括廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、天后(hou)宮和(he)(he)昭忠祠(ci)(ci)。寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼(liao)清(qing)(qing)寧(ning)三年,天后(hou)宮建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)雍正三年,昭忠祠(ci)(ci)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)清(qing)(qing)光緒二十四年。主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包括廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)中路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天王殿、大(da)殿以及(ji)兩側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)庭、配殿等(deng)。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)體量碩大(da),工藝精美,具有(you)遼(liao)代風格。廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)雖經(jing)歷(li)代重(zhong)修(xiu),但(dan)基本(ben)為(wei)原來(lai)規模,雄偉(wei)莊重(zhong)。天后(hou)宮為(wei)北(bei)方(fang)地(di)區最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),磚、石、木雕刻尤為(wei)精美。昭忠祠(ci)(ci)是光緒為(wei)甲午(wu)戰(zhan)爭中犧牲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將士所建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)全國僅(jin)見(jian)。這(zhe)些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)多方(fang)面(mian)地(di)反映了當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史、科學(xue)和(he)(he)文(wen)化面(mian)貌,具有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵(han)和(he)(he)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史研究價值。 2002年1月31日錦州(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群成為(wei)國家重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)遼(liao)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錦州(zhou)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群日前正式入選第五批(pi)國家重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。據新(xin)華社報道,廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群位于(yu)錦州(zhou)市博物(wu)(wu)館內,由國內著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)寺(si)(si)(si)合(he)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)剎(cha)——廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)及(ji)廣(guang)(guang)濟寺(si)(si)(si)塔(ta)、北(bei)方(fang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)媽祖廟——錦州(zhou)天后(hou)宮、全國唯一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紀念中日甲午(wu)戰(zhan)爭我陸戰(zhan)將士的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)(ci)堂——昭忠祠(ci)(ci)、紀事碑(bei)亭等(deng)組成。
“九五”以來主要保護內容
廣(guang)濟寺古建筑群(qun)維修及天后宮彩繪保護及規(gui)劃。
現存主要問題
油飾嚴(yan)重(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)。 散水缺失,椽頭糟朽,望板30%糟朽,椽子毀壞25%,瓦壟脫(tuo)(tuo)節(jie)(jie),柱(zhu)子表(biao)面(mian)油飾龜(gui)裂(lie)、局部脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)。 前(qian)檐壓(ya)面(mian)石嚴(yan)重(zhong)風化。 南面(mian)臺(tai)階風化、碎(sui)裂(lie)嚴(yan)重(zhong),壓(ya)面(mian)石嚴(yan)重(zhong)風化錯位,表(biao)面(mian)脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo)一層;天花(hua)板彩繪(hui)脫(tuo)(tuo)落(luo),多處粉碎(sui)。 前(qian)檐壓(ya)面(mian)石全(quan)部酥堿。 欄板望柱(zhu)全(quan)部遺失;兩(liang)山(shan)墻(qiang)向(xiang)內凸,內墻(qiang)面(mian)凸凹不(bu)平;西次間后坡(po)下金檁、檐檁劈裂(lie)長(chang);屋面(mian)長(chang)草、漏雨,脫(tuo)(tuo)節(jie)(jie),35%屋面(mian)毀壞。
壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)重風(feng)(feng)(feng)化、表面(mian)(mian)(mian)脫落,欄桿風(feng)(feng)(feng)化,散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi)。 拜(bai)殿(dian)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)松(song)動、高低不平、地伏石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)全部(bu)毀(hui)壞。 前(qian)檐踏垛石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)化,后(hou)檐臺(tai)(tai)明壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遺失(shi),散(san)水(shui)無(wu)存, 室(shi)內墁(man)地方磚凸(tu)凹(ao)不平。 由于(yu)長年沒有(you)大門對(dui)觀(guan)音(yin)殿(dian)的(de)保護十分(fen)不利(li),現利(li)用中(zhong)殿(dian)做為(wei)大門對(dui)外開放。中(zhong)殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi),臺(tai)(tai)明完整,壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)松(song)動錯(cuo)位,大部(bu)分(fen)風(feng)(feng)(feng)化嚴(yan)重。東西配(pei)殿(dian)散(san)水(shui)遺失(shi),后(hou)檐臺(tai)(tai)明遺失(shi),東配(pei)殿(dian)前(qian)檐壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)毀(hui)壞2 塊。 正殿(dian)后(hou)檐臺(tai)(tai)明壓(ya)面(mian)(mian)(mian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遺失(shi),散(san)水(shui)無(wu)存。
由于(yu)年久失修(xiu),排水不暢(chang),整(zheng)體上缺乏有效的保護措施(shi),造成(cheng)天(tian)后宮基(ji)礎下沉(chen),院內其他建(jian)筑均有不同(tong)程度的基(ji)礎沉(chen)降。現院內地(di)面(mian)低于(yu)外(wai)部地(di)表。
“十一五”期間主要保護內容
廣濟(ji)寺拜殿、關帝(di)殿維修、天(tian)后宮一進(jin)院(yuan)東西配殿維修、天(tian)后宮大殿維修、天(tian)后宮大殿維修、廣濟(ji)寺圍(wei)墻、排水(shui)及其(qi)他維修、觀音殿維修。