輝(hui)(hui)河發(fa)源(yuan)于大興安(an)嶺中部西北側(ce)(ce)(ce)的叢(cong)山(shan)密林中,由(you)二十幾條小河匯(hui)集于烏拉(la)(la)吉呼,折向(xiang)西北緩(huan)緩(huan)流(liu)入呼倫貝爾草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan),把(ba)大草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)分(fen)為(wei)兩部分(fen)。其左側(ce)(ce)(ce)被稱為(wei)巴爾虎草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan),右側(ce)(ce)(ce)則(ze)是鄂溫克(ke)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)。輝(hui)(hui)河河道開闊平坦(tan),河水彎彎曲(qu)曲(qu)流(liu)至(zhi)寶力(li)格東又折向(xiang)東北,匯(hui)入伊敏河。輝(hui)(hui)河水壩(ba)距河口(kou)14公(gong)里(li),屬于鄂溫克(ke)族自治旗(qi)錫尼河西蘇木(鄉)境內。北距海拉(la)(la)爾市(shi)33公(gong)里(li)。
遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)位于(yu)輝(hui)河(he)(he)水壩,海拔(ba)高度約640米,分布(bu)范圍約30多(duo)萬(wan)平方米,地貌部(bu)位明確,地層(ceng)清楚,屬于(yu)原地埋藏類(lei)型,遺(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)(wu)保存新鮮,無分選(xuan)現象。遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化層(ceng)為灰黑色(se)細(xi)沙層(ceng),厚可達1米,石(shi)料主(zhu)要(yao)采自遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)以東10公里左右的伊敏河(he)(he)岸(an)的砂礫(li)石(shi)層(ceng)。1975年,黑龍江(jiang)省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)普查工作隊曾對輝(hui)河(he)(he)右岸(an)做(zuo)過文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)調(diao)查,先后發現細(xi)石(shi)器遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)12處(chu),其中有代表(biao)性的即(ji)輝(hui)河(he)(he)水壩北側河(he)(he)岸(an)邊及臺地上遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)。
掘地(di)點選在(zai)輝河水壩北側320米(mi)(mi)(mi)處,靠河崖開1×2米(mi)(mi)(mi)探方(fang)一(yi)個,共出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物314件(jian)(jian)(jian)。這里(li)的土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)單一(yi),均為(wei)(wei)細沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)壤。只(zhi)能(neng)依(yi)靠出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物大致區分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)六層(ceng)。一(yi)層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)18厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)地(di)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)見遺(yi)(yi)物。第(di)二層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)18~30厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)色(se)細沙(sha),含有炭(tan)粒和油跡。出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)細石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)(pian)等27件(jian)(jian)(jian),骨(gu)片(pian)(pian)8件(jian)(jian)(jian),鐵(tie)片(pian)(pian)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)三(san)層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)30~55厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)與二層(ceng)無明顯(xian)變化(hua),仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)黑褐(he)色(se)細沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)。出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物豐富,多(duo)達174件(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中(zhong)細石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)、石(shi)(shi)片(pian)(pian)、石(shi)(shi)核(he)及石(shi)(shi)葉共122件(jian)(jian)(jian),陶片(pian)(pian)23件(jian)(jian)(jian),碎(sui)骨(gu)器(qi)(qi)殘(can)片(pian)(pian)28件(jian)(jian)(jian),鐵(tie)器(qi)(qi)殘(can)片(pian)(pian)1件(jian)(jian)(jian)。第(di)四層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)55~90厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)由黑褐(he)色(se)漸變為(wei)(wei)黃色(se),仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)細沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)。發掘面積縮小為(wei)(wei)1×1米(mi)(mi)(mi),出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)遺(yi)(yi)物因此減少到(dao)80件(jian)(jian)(jian)。其中(zhong)細石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)41件(jian)(jian)(jian),陶片(pian)(pian)13件(jian)(jian)(jian),骨(gu)貝殘(can)片(pian)(pian)3件(jian)(jian)(jian)。從陶片(pian)(pian)的紋飾、陶質(zhi)、工藝等分(fen)(fen)析,文化(hua)內涵明顯(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同于第(di)三(san)層(ceng),但地(di)層(ceng)無明顯(xian)界線(xian)。第(di)五(wu)層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)90~110厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)黃沙(sha)土(tu)(tu),出(chu)(chu)(chu)土(tu)(tu)細石(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)12件(jian)(jian)(jian),碎(sui)骨(gu)(魚貝類)殘(can)片(pian)(pian)12塊。第(di)六層(ceng),深(shen)(shen)110厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下,為(wei)(wei)原生土(tu)(tu)層(ceng),土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)純凈黃色(se)細沙(sha),不(bu)(bu)(bu)見遺(yi)(yi)物。
呼倫貝爾(er)市文物工(gong)作者在多年的試掘和文物普查中發(fa)現(xian)輝河(he)水壩遺址(zhi)存有(you)大(da)量細石(shi)器和陶器片。此(ci)次挖掘共(gong)挖了(le)(le)四個探方,總(zong)面積105平方米,共(gong)出土文物2000多件(jian)。有(you)石(shi)葉、石(shi)片、陶片、石(shi)核等,還(huan)發(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)兩了(le)(le)兩處灰堆(dui),從灰堆(dui)中出土了(le)(le)大(da)量的動(dong)物骨骼(ge)。