吐列毛杜(du)古城遺址,即(ji)金代(dai)烏古敵(di)烈統軍司,后改稱招討(tao)司,以戍(shu)金邊(bian),防止蒙古勢力南下。
在(zai)金代,霍林河是泰(tai)州與臨潢府的(de)(de)界河。吐列毛杜古(gu)城一帶(dai)地屬泰(tai)州,軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)上(shang)歸(gui)東北路招(zhao)討司管轄。金天會二年,烏(wu)古(gu)、敵(di)(di)烈兩部內徙(xi),被安置在(zai)城東15公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)龐葛城(今車(che)家營子(zi))。這時,蒙古(gu)軍(jun)(jun)隊(dui)已開始向南推進,金代北部邊防十分吃緊。由于(yu)戰略(lve)形勢的(de)(de)需要,便在(zai)這里(li)建立了烏(wu)古(gu)敵(di)(di)烈統軍(jun)(jun)司,治所(suo)設(she)在(zai)該城。不(bu)久又(you)將(jiang)其升(sheng)格為烏(wu)古(gu)敵(di)(di)烈招(zhao)討司。僅(jin)從(cong)字面上(shang)就不(bu)難看出,這里(li)的(de)(de)招(zhao)撫、討伐等重大事(shi)宜均由該司全權處理。烏(wu)古(gu)敵(di)(di)烈招(zhao)討司旋即(ji)再升(sheng)格為整個東北路招(zhao)討司,其治所(suo)也由吐列毛杜遷移到泰(tai)州。后(hou)來(lai),隨著戰局的(de)(de)變化,招(zhao)討司遷到泰(tai)州后(hou)不(bu)久又(you)落腳至金山(今烏(wu)蘭浩特市烏(wu)蘭哈達前公(gong)主陵)。
金界壕在吐列毛杜(du)西7公里的東(dong)白音烏(wu)蘭跨(kua)過霍林河,轉向西南。沿線每(mei)隔(ge)二三十公里便有一(yi)座周長約1000米的古城,并(bing)配有邊堡。其中吐列毛杜(du)的城址規(gui)模大(da),地(di)處兵家必(bi)爭(zheng)之地(di),成為金代(dai)初期東(dong)北路(lu)的軍事(shi)重鎮。只不過重兵把守、壁壘森嚴的金代(dai)界壕防(fang)御體(ti)系,未能(neng)擋住日益強大(da)的蒙古騎兵,昔日興(xing)盛繁華(hua)的吐列毛杜(du)古城也就走完了它興(xing)盛一(yi)時(shi)的歷程(cheng)。
現古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)1.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長703米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長582米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長504米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻高(gao)1.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),長493米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。四(si)個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)的(de)寬度分別為5.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)或(huo)6.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻均以(yi)泥土或(huo)鵝(e)卵石筑成,南壁(bi)(bi)東壁(bi)(bi)各(ge)有(you)(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)座(zuo)。南壁(bi)(bi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)向東,東壁(bi)(bi)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)向南。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四(si)角各(ge)有(you)(you)角樓一(yi)座(zuo),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周圍(wei)共有(you)(you)馬面31個(ge)(ge),東9個(ge)(ge)、南6個(ge)(ge)、西9個(ge)(ge)、北7個(ge)(ge)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕(hao)(hao)一(yi)條,寬5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),壕(hao)(hao)堤(di)殘(can)(can)高(gao)0.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上部(bu)殘(can)(can)寬1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),底(di)寬5.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),堤(di)距(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)部(bu)分房屋(wu)遺址(zhi)依(yi)稀可見。先后出土的(de)文物有(you)(you)陶罐、陶壇(tan)、陶盆、瓷碗、瓷碟碎片,石杵、石磨殘(can)(can)部(bu)、鐵(tie)鍋、刀、鐵(tie)鍬、鐵(tie)鏵等生活用具(ju)和農具(ju),還有(you)(you)鐵(tie)盔、鐵(tie)甲、戟(ji)、斧鉞等古代兵(bing)器,以(yi)及唐、遼、宋、金(jin)方(fang)孔(kong)圓形銅(tong)幣等。
古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)東西(xi)兩座,兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅(jin)隔(ge)160米(mi)。西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈長方形,周(zhou)長為2382米(mi)。南(nan)墻和東墻都開有(you)(you)近20米(mi)寬的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)前(qian)均有(you)(you)用作防守的(de)半圓形甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四角(jiao)(jiao)筑有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)樓,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻上(shang)有(you)(you)馬(ma)面(用來防守的(de)臺(tai)基)31個。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內西(xi)北處有(you)(you)一水井,西(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)(jiao)房(fang)舍十分(fen)集(ji)中。細心的(de)人在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內能(neng)拾(shi)到(dao)陶瓷片、銅錢及鐵器殘(can)件。東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為十分(fen)規(gui)整的(de)長方形,周(zhou)長1410米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),東墻有(you)(you)一便門(men),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外有(you)(you)寬約5米(mi)的(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。
流經(jing)科(ke)爾(er)沁右翼中旗(qi)境內(nei)的(de)霍林河,在吐列毛杜(du)一帶把(ba)我國(guo)東北(bei)第(di)二階地(di)(di)與(yu)第(di)三階地(di)(di)的(de)天然(ran)屏障(zhang)——大興安嶺(ling)攔(lan)腰(yao)斬斷,形成溝(gou)通內(nei)蒙古(gu)高原與(yu)松嫩平原的(de)交通要(yao)道。吐列毛杜(du)古(gu)城址(zhi)地(di)(di)處要(yao)沖,是(shi)金代東北(bei)方的(de)重鎮。此(ci)要(yao)塞(sai)位于霍林河谷北(bei)側,后面(mian)有(you)山,西北(bei)面(mian)是(shi)金界(jie)壕。
2013年5月,被國務(wu)院(yuan)核(he)定(ding)公布為第七批全國文物(wu)保護單(dan)位。