建造背景
明王朝建立初(chu)期,北方的局(ju)勢很不(bu)穩定。為了防(fang)御蒙古族統治集團復辟,平(ping)山衛指揮(hui)僉事陳鏞,從明洪武二年到五年,將筑土城(cheng)改筑為磚(zhuan)城(cheng)。為“嚴更漏而(er)(er)窺敵望(wang)遠(yuan)”,報(bao)(bao)時報(bao)(bao)警,又用修城(cheng)余木,建造了一(yi)座高達百尺(chi)的更鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou),故初(chu)名“余木樓(lou)(lou)”。又因此樓(lou)(lou)有(you)鼓(gu)聲報(bao)(bao)時,人們也(ye)稱之為“鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)”。明成化二十二年(1486),知府楊能在維修該樓(lou)(lou)時,因地而(er)(er)名,稱之為“東(dong)昌樓(lou)(lou)”。明弘治九年(1496),吏部考工(gong)員外郎李贊(zan)(zan)過東(dong)昌,訪(fang)太守(shou)金天(tian)(tian)錫(xi),共登此樓(lou)(lou),對該樓(lou)(lou)贊(zan)(zan)嘆不(bu)已(yi),“因嘆斯樓(lou)(lou),天(tian)(tian)下所無。雖黃(huang)鶴、岳陽亦(yi)(yi)當望(wang)拜。乃今百年矣,尚寞落(luo)無名稱,不(bu)亦(yi)(yi)屈乎?因與天(tian)(tian)錫(xi)評命之曰(yue)‘光岳樓(lou)(lou)’,取其近魯(lu)有(you)光于岱岳也(ye)。”此后,歷(li)代重修碑記中,一(yi)直(zhi)沿用“光岳樓(lou)(lou)”。
建筑風貌
光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四重檐(yan)(yan)十字(zi)(zi)脊過街式樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣,通高(gao)33米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),由(you)(you)墩(dun)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)和(he)4層主樓(lou)(lou)(lou)組成。墩(dun)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)磚石(shi)砌成的(de)正(zheng)4棱臺(tai)(tai)(tai),高(gao)9.38米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。底邊(bian)(bian)邊(bian)(bian)長34.43米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)緣(yuan)邊(bian)(bian)長31.93米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),總占(zhan)地(di)1185.42平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漸有收分(fen)。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)體的(de)東(dong)、西、南、北四面(mian)中部,各設有一(yi)(yi)半券(quan)形拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),券(quan)至(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)中心處(chu)成十字(zi)(zi)交叉拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。四拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)同,均(jun)(jun)面(mian)寬5.76米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)腳直高(gao)2.90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),矢高(gao)2.88米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),券(quan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方砌門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e),南曰“文明”,北曰“武定”,東(dong)曰“太(tai)平”,西曰“興(xing)禮”。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)頂邊(bian)(bian)砌疊澀(se)出檐(yan)(yan)磚三(san)皮,上(shang)(shang)(shang)筑女(nv)墻(qiang),墻(qiang)高(gao)1.12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),厚0.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)以(yi)(yi)南向(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)尊。南向(xiang)拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)各開(kai)一(yi)(yi)小拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),形制與中間拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)似(si),東(dong)側(ce)(ce)(ce)小門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)額(e)用青(qing)石(shi)刻成,上(shang)(shang)(shang)書“鳳城仙闕”,西側(ce)(ce)(ce)刻有 “閬(lang)苑瀛(ying)洲”,分(fen)別由(you)(you)安(an)躍撥和(he)朱(zhu)續罩題(ti)寫。據史料記載,安(an)躍撥、朱(zhu)續罩均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清代人(ren)士,由(you)(you)此可知(zhi),此二(er)匾(bian)額(e)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)后來維(wei)修(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)(lou)時所加刻。西門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)假門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),只存形式,以(yi)(yi)求和(he)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)相(xiang)稱。東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)則是登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)唯一(yi)(yi)通道(dao),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)寬3.14米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)角直高(gao)1.75米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),矢高(gao)1.57米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內又另(ling)砌小券(quan),門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)洞寬1.86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)內為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)方室,東(dong)設踏跺(duo),升4級(ji)至(zhi)梯(ti)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)南壁(bi)設有一(yi)(yi)小窗,供(gong)通風采(cai)光(guang)(guang)之用,北轉升37級(ji)至(zhi)平臺(tai)(tai)(tai),再(zai)升15級(ji)達臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian),共(gong)計56級(ji)。梯(ti)井口(kou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)筑一(yi)(yi)敞軒,以(yi)(yi)防雨水侵入(ru)。其(qi)建筑年代,似(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)清乾隆(long)年間。其(qi)位(wei)置恰在(zai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)東(dong)之中軸線上(shang)(shang)(shang),由(you)(you)于東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主要(yao)大道(dao),增其(qi)建筑以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)標志。敞軒面(mian)闊5間,進深3間。明間、次間面(mian)闊皆2.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),梢(shao)間僅0.67米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。梯(ti)井口(kou)占(zhan)明、次3間。梢(shao)間形成一(yi)(yi)周敞廊,柱(zhu)間設檻墻(qiang),安(an)吳王靠,可供(gong)登樓(lou)(lou)(lou)時休息(xi)之用。敞軒不施(shi)斗拱(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),單檐(yan)(yan)歇山卷棚頂,輕巧明快。在(zai)敞軒梯(ti)口(kou)處(chu)掛(gua)有當代書法名(ming)家(jia)啟功所題(ti)寫的(de)“共(gong)登青(qing)云梯(ti)”木刻匾(bian)額(e),字(zi)(zi)體清秀,筆(bi)力遒勁。臺(tai)(tai)(tai)面(mian)墁砌,繞以(yi)(yi)女(nv)墻(qiang),東(dong)西兩側(ce)(ce)(ce)設有排水道(dao)。
四層主樓(lou)筑于(yu)高臺(tai)之上(shang),全為(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)結構,方(fang)形帶廊(lang),高24米(mi)(mi),共有(you)金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)192根(gen)(gen)(gen),斗拱200朵。第一(yi)層樓(lou),地(di)面(mian)比(bi)臺(tai)面(mian)略(lve)高,呈正方(fang)形,四周砌以條石,面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)進深皆7間(jian)(jian)(jian),明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)特大,為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.05米(mi)(mi),次間(jian)(jian)(jian)、梢間(jian)(jian)(jian)較明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)小,自2.79米(mi)(mi)到2.90米(mi)(mi)不(bu)等。盡間(jian)(jian)(jian)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)最小,自1.75米(mi)(mi)到1.89米(mi)(mi)不(bu)等,系(xi)樓(lou)身(shen)之回廊(lang)。樓(lou)本(ben)身(shen)平(ping)面(mian)面(mian)闊(kuo)(kuo)進深皆5間(jian)(jian)(jian),用內(nei)(nei)外(wai)雙槽柱(zhu),外(wai)加圍(wei)廊(lang),結構清爽明(ming)(ming)了。樓(lou)身(shen)檐(yan)柱(zhu)一(yi)周共20根(gen)(gen)(gen),直(zhi)徑(jing)0.60米(mi)(mi),全部(bu)包于(yu)厚達(da)1.34米(mi)(mi)的(de)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)內(nei)(nei)。墻(qiang)表面(mian)飾紅堊,內(nei)(nei)側(ce)無粉飾,露(lu)清水磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)。每面(mian)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)板門兩(liang)扇,無門飾。冠門簪4個,中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)菱形,兩(liang)側(ce)為(wei)(wei)(wei)圓(yuan)形。樓(lou)面(mian)兩(liang)次間(jian)(jian)(jian)開窗。內(nei)(nei)槽金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)共計(ji)12根(gen)(gen)(gen),直(zhi)徑(jing)亦0.60米(mi)(mi),髹黑漆。一(yi)樓(lou)門內(nei)(nei)北面(mian),在(zai)明(ming)(ming)間(jian)(jian)(jian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)與金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)穿插枋上(shang)設(she)魯班神龕(kan)。 龕(kan)內(nei)(nei)設(she)塑魯班神像,左(zuo)右設(she)小梯可(ke)供升降。龕(kan)上(shang)方(fang)懸掛一(yi)“巧(qiao)奪(duo)天工”木(mu)質匾額。白底黑字,為(wei)(wei)(wei)溥杰所題,龕(kan)左(zuo)右金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)上(shang),木(mu)刻有(you)原聊城縣長孫(sun)桐峰撰文,蔣(jiang)維崧重(zhong)書(shu)的(de)楹聯(lian)一(yi)副:“泰山東峙,黃(huang)河西臨,岳(yue)色濤色,憑欄把(ba)酒無限(xian)好,叢臺(tai)射書(shu),微分明(ming)(ming)志,人杰地(di)靈,登(deng)樓(lou)懷古有(you)余馨。”在(zai)一(yi)樓(lou)的(de)東南門額上(shang),各懸有(you)木(mu)刻橫匾一(yi)方(fang),東為(wei)(wei)(wei)“泰岱東來做翠(cui)屏”,南為(wei)(wei)(wei)“宇宙(zhou)文衡(heng)”。
第二(er)(er)層面(mian)闊進深仍為7間(jian),而盡間(jian)尺寸(cun)更小,自1.16米(mi)(mi)至1.26米(mi)(mi)不等,實際上(shang)盡間(jian)系回(hui)廊,亦即(ji)平座部分(fen)。該層于4面(mian)明間(jian)辟(pi)(pi)門(men),為直3道格門(men),兩側(ce)為方(fang)(fang)眼格窗,東(dong)西(xi)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)間(jian)為梯井通上(shang)下(xia)(xia)層。金柱一(yi)(yi)周內以板壁圍成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)長方(fang)(fang)形室,其中又(you)分(fen)為大、小間(jian)。南向中間(jian)辟(pi)(pi)門(men),左右(you)開圓窗。仰視之上(shang)為空(kong)井,可見(jian)4層梁架。此(ci)室過(guo)去(qu)為供“文昌(chang)帝(di)君”之用,故名(ming)文昌(chang)閣(ge)。據說(shuo),乾(qian)隆(long)(long)皇帝(di)7次(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)江南,6次(ci)(ci)(ci)東(dong)巡,9次(ci)(ci)(ci)過(guo)東(dong)昌(chang)府,5次(ci)(ci)(ci)登光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)。并多次(ci)(ci)(ci)住在文昌(chang)閣(ge)內,曾先(xian)后為光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)賦(fu)詩13首。因此(ci)文昌(chang)閣(ge)也(ye)名(ming)“乾(qian)隆(long)(long)行宮”。文昌(chang)閣(ge)門(men)兩側(ce),有(you)著名(ming)史(shi)學(xue)家、書(shu)法家豐子愷題(ti)寫的藏頭楹聯一(yi)(yi)副:“光(guang)前垂后勞(lao)動人民智慧(hui)無(wu)極;岳(yue)(yue)(yue)峻樓(lou)高偉大祖國文物(wu)永昌(chang)。”二(er)(er)樓(lou)四面(mian)檐下(xia)(xia)各懸掛(gua)四方(fang)(fang)木質長3米(mi)(mi),高1.4米(mi)(mi)的匾(bian)(bian)額。南面(mian)檐下(xia)(xia)懸有(you):“神光(guang)鐘暎”匾(bian)(bian),為清(qing)康熙皇帝(di)所題(ti),邊(bian)緣裝(zhuang)飾有(you)龍紋(wen)、玉璽,藍底(di)金字(zi)。北檐下(xia)(xia)懸有(you)著名(ming)歷史(shi)學(xue)家、考古學(xue)家郭沫若為紀念光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)落成(cheng)600周年而于1974年題(ti)寫的“光(guang)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)樓(lou)”匾(bian)(bian),白(bai)底(di)黑字(zi),氣勢磅礴。東(dong)面(mian)檐下(xia)(xia)懸“太(tai)平樓(lou)閣(ge)”匾(bian)(bian),為清(qing)康熙六(liu)十年(1721)“字(zi)壓天下(xia)(xia)”的聊城(cheng)籍狀元(yuan)鄧(deng)鐘岳(yue)(yue)(yue)所題(ti)。在西(xi)檐下(xia)(xia),懸有(you)“就(jiu)日(ri)瞻(zhan)云”匾(bian)(bian),白(bai)底(di)黑字(zi),為清(qing)代史(shi)學(xue)家解崗題(ti)。由(you)二(er)(er)樓(lou)兩側(ce)梯道升16級臺階到達第三層樓(lou)面(mian)。
第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)系暗(an)(an)層(ceng)(ceng),實際是(shi)樓的結(jie)構(gou)層(ceng)(ceng)。利(li)用(yong)橫木(mu)穿插(cha),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)枋扣合,將自下直貫(guan)而上(shang)(shang)(shang)的12根金柱和(he)20根檐柱從上(shang)(shang)(shang)端構(gou)成(cheng)一個整(zheng)體,使之(zhi)更加牢固和(he)穩定,故三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)也(ye)是(shi)樓的主要框(kuang)架(jia)。該層(ceng)(ceng)面闊(kuo)進深皆(jie)5間(jian)(jian)。金柱與檐柱之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端是(shi)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia),與第(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)貫(guan)通(tong),所以(yi)暗(an)(an)層(ceng)(ceng)實僅3間(jian)(jian)。“當(dang)心間(jian)(jian)”即樓之(zhi)正中為空井,四周置欄桿。柱頂設有顯著卷剎。此(ci)例(li)與宋(song)《營(ying)造(zao)法式》相(xiang)符。外檐拱科(ke)相(xiang)連(lian)、梁(liang)(liang)(liang)柱相(xiang)交,枋木(mu)相(xiang)穿,結(jie)構(gou)緊湊而疏密得體,使建筑學(xue)、美學(xue)、力學(xue)、工藝學(xue)等(deng)在這座樓上(shang)(shang)(shang)得以(yi)充分體現。第(di)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)東次間(jian)(jian)由北(bei)向南上(shang)(shang)(shang)13級臺階抵第(di)四層(ceng)(ceng)。
第四(si)層為(wei)樓(lou)的最高(gao)(gao)層,共有(you)柱(zhu)28根,面闊進深皆(jie)3間,平面正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方形,較(jiao)其(qi)下諸層驟然縮小。明(ming)(ming)間面闊5.66米(mi),大于其(qi)它各(ge)層明(ming)(ming)間,目的是為(wei)十(shi)字脊加(jia)長,提高(gao)(gao)光岳樓(lou)的重心(xin),使之在外(wai)觀(guan)上(shang)更加(jia)雄偉。明(ming)(ming)間設(she)窗6扇,次間裝冰(bing)紋(wen)圓窗。中(zhong)間為(wei)空井,四(si)周設(she)欄桿。屋頂為(wei)十(shi)字頂,頂下正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)懸(xuan)垂蓮柱(zhu),以八道斜脊分別置于三架(jia)梁及抹(mo)角梁之上(shang)。樓(lou)脊為(wei)歇山十(shi)字脊,脊頂正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)裝有(you)一座高(gao)(gao)3米(mi),直徑1.5米(mi)的透花鐵葫蘆。
建筑特點
光岳樓雖幾經重(zhong)修,其建(jian)筑(zhu)構件,大部分(fen)仍(reng)是(shi)初建(jian)時的原物(wu),基本保(bao)持了原來的面貌(mao),是(shi)明初建(jian)筑(zhu)的重(zhong)要遺物(wu),許多地方保(bao)留了宋(song)元風格。
以形式(shi)(shi)而(er)論,磚(zhuan)臺、重檐、十字(zi)脊內部(bu)置空井等(deng),仍襲宋元樓閣(ge)遺(yi)制;細(xi)部(bu)以柱(zhu)礎(chu)言,從明(ming)洪武初所(suo)建南京(jing)宮殿(dian)已(yi)開始(shi)用古鏡式(shi)(shi),此(ci)樓仍用宋元以來的覆盆式(shi)(shi);就(jiu)結構來講,柱(zhu)之側角(jiao)升起(qi),樓置暗層,內外等(deng)高雙槽柱(zhu)列(lie),斗拱疏朗配置,以及柱(zhu)頭科斗口未加(jia)寬等(deng),也都(dou)上承唐宋以來的傳統做法,同時也與其(qi)它明(ming)初建筑有若干相似之處,開“官(guan)式(shi)(shi)”建筑之始(shi)。
該樓(lou)(lou)采用(yong)(yong)的(de)是主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)與附加結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)方法(fa),內(nei)以(yi)32根通天直上(shang)的(de)內(nei)外槽柱構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti),外以(yi)一(yi)(yi)樓(lou)(lou)圍廊和(he)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)平(ping)座構(gou)(gou)(gou)成(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)保(bao)護層(ceng)。外層(ceng)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)雖(sui)易損(sun)壞,也(ye)易維修更換。圍廊和(he)平(ping)座雖(sui)已重修多(duo)次(ci),而(er)(er)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)卻一(yi)(yi)直未動過。第二(er)層(ceng)以(yi)上(shang)中(zhong)央是空井(jing),前后內(nei)柱無法(fa)用(yong)(yong)梁(liang)穿(chuan)越,因而(er)(er)采用(yong)(yong)了碩大(da)抹(mo)角梁(liang),井(jing)字(zi)梁(liang),層(ceng)層(ceng)環繞疊(die)(die)架,前后左右搭(da)連(lian)(lian)構(gou)(gou)(gou)結(jie)。通過木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)疊(die)(die)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)扣木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)跨(kua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)連(lian)(lian)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個牢固穩定的(de)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)。而(er)(er)且樓(lou)(lou)的(de)形體(ti)(ti)(ti)統一(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)有變化,有著(zhu)許多(duo)微妙獨到(dao)之處。四層(ceng)檐口(kou)的(de)處理各不(bu)相(xiang)同。一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)宏敞,二(er)層(ceng)低下,三(san)層(ceng)深(shen)遠(yuan),四層(ceng)舒展,整個形體(ti)(ti)(ti)避免了機械式(shi)斜切直線,使(shi)人感到(dao)高大(da)而(er)(er)秀(xiu)麗。
附屬文物
光岳(yue)(yue)樓有(you)石(shi)碑(bei)7通(tong)(tong),橫條壁碑(bei)15方(fang)。7通(tong)(tong)石(shi)碑(bei)分(fen)別立(li)于(yu)一(yi)樓廊下四(si)周(zhou),其中南面(mian)3通(tong)(tong),東面(mian)2通(tong)(tong),北面(mian)2通(tong)(tong)。7通(tong)(tong)石(shi)碑(bei)中有(you)乾隆帝御詩碑(bei)一(yi)通(tong)(tong)。重修(xiu)光岳(yue)(yue)樓記(ji)事(shi)碑(bei)6通(tong)(tong)中,各有(you)清代(dai)開國狀(zhuang)元傅以漸書丹、海源閣創(chuang)建(jian)人(ren)物楊以增撰文石(shi)碑(bei)1通(tong)(tong)。15方(fang)壁碑(bei)分(fen)別嵌于(yu)一(yi)樓四(si)周(zhou)內(nei)外墻(qiang)壁上,除有(you)3方(fang)重修(xiu)光岳(yue)(yue)樓記(ji)事(shi)碑(bei)外,其余(yu)均為詠(yong)頌光岳(yue)(yue)樓的詩賦碑(bei)。
維修保護
光岳(yue)樓(lou)主(zhu)樓(lou)全(quan)(quan)系木質結(jie)構,據(ju)歷代碑刻和《聊城縣志(zhi)》、《東昌縣志(zhi)》記載,明(ming)、清、民國(guo)時期,光岳(yue)樓(lou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)過(guo)11次維(wei)修(xiu)。中華人民共和國(guo)成立后(hou)(hou)(hou),政府對(dui)(dui)光岳(yue)樓(lou)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)多次對(dui)(dui)該樓(lou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)維(wei)修(xiu)。其中,有2次規模較大,1984年5月至1985年12月,對(dui)(dui)光岳(yue)樓(lou)主(zhu)樓(lou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)維(wei)修(xiu),耗資45萬(wan)元。維(wei)修(xiu)的主(zhu)要部(bu)(bu)位(wei),一是(shi)(shi)揭蓋翻(fan)修(xiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)瓦頂,更(geng)新了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)連檐(yan)(yan)(yan)瓦口,更(geng)換了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)望(wang)板(ban)和部(bu)(bu)分(fen)檐(yan)(yan)(yan)椽(chuan),重新制作(zuo)(zuo)安裝了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)透(tou)花(hua)鐵葫蘆寶頂。二是(shi)(shi)更(geng)換、貼補(bu)、矯正(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第(di)(di)(di)一、二層廊(lang)柱(zhu)和第(di)(di)(di)四層8根(gen)輔助圓柱(zhu),加固(gu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第(di)(di)(di)二層東北(bei)、東南、西(xi)南角檐(yan)(yan)(yan)柱(zhu),用(yong)化學高分(fen)子灌注了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)上端中空的四層4根(gen)金柱(zhu),更(geng)換了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)梁檁桁枋,修(xiu)補(bu)更(geng)換了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)斗拱,更(geng)新了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)第(di)(di)(di)二、三層部(bu)(bu)分(fen)地板(ban),修(xiu)理(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)窗。三是(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)全(quan)(quan)樓(lou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)油(you)飾。四是(shi)(shi)按(an)原樣重新制作(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)5塊匾額,重新樹立和接補(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)5通石碑。此次維(wei)修(xiu)是(shi)(shi)遵循“保持現狀(zhuang),恢復(fu)原狀(zhuang)”的原則,以(yi)盡量不動原件為前提進(jin)(jin)行(xing)的。1992年3月至1993年10月,對(dui)(dui)光岳(yue)樓(lou)基(ji)(ji)座又(you)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)加固(gu)復(fu)貌。首先鏟除了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)基(ji)(ji)座外表的水泥皮,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)對(dui)(dui)墻體損(sun)壞部(bu)(bu)分(fen)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)挖補(bu),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)45×23×10厘(li)米(mi)的大青(qing)磚對(dui)(dui)外墻進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)包砌,用(yong)50×50×12厘(li)米(mi)的方磚對(dui)(dui)平臺進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)鋪漫。工畢,光岳(yue)樓(lou)基(ji)(ji)座又(you)重新恢復(fu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)初建的原貌。
歷史文化
光(guang)岳樓(lou)是聊城文(wen)(wen)明古老的(de)(de)象征,明清兩(liang)代(dai),京杭大運(yun)河為南北交通大動脈,沿(yan)河過往的(de)(de)帝(di)王將相,文(wen)(wen)人學士多(duo)(duo)都登臨此樓(lou),憑欄詠(yong)月(yue)(yue),作詩賦詞。《東(dong)昌(chang)府志》、《聊城縣志》及現存碑刻(ke)中就記載了120篇(pian)詠(yong)贊光(guang)岳樓(lou)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)(wen)。清康(kang)熙四次登樓(lou),并題寫“神(shen)光(guang)鍾瑛(ying)”匾(bian)(bian),乾隆皇帝(di)九(jiu)過東(dong)昌(chang),六(liu)登光(guang)岳樓(lou),并題匾(bian)(bian)賦詩,將光(guang)岳樓(lou)列為南巡三十六(liu)行宮之一(yi)。中華人民共和國成立后(hou),光(guang)岳樓(lou)受到國家(jia)高度重視(shi)。羅哲文(wen)(wen)、陳從周、鄭孝燮、祁英濤等古建(jian)專家(jia)多(duo)(duo)次來聊考察,給予很高評價,舒同(tong)、啟功(gong)、溥杰、郭沫若等許多(duo)(duo)名(ming)家(jia)先(xian)后(hou)為光(guang)岳樓(lou)題寫了匾(bian)(bian)額和楹聯。光(guang)岳樓(lou)至(zhi)今流傳著關于魯班幫忙建(jian)樓(lou)的(de)(de)傳說(shuo)。光(guang)岳樓(lou)是中國古代(dai)建(jian)筑寶庫中的(de)(de)瑰寶。1956年(nian)被山東(dong)省人民政府列為第一(yi)批省級重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位,1988年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)又被國務院列為全國重點文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位。