歷史沿革
初建
多福寺(si)位于山西省(sheng)太原(yuan)市西北24公(gong)里處的(de)崛圍(wei)(wei)山之巔,建于唐(tang)代(dai)貞元二年(公(gong)元786年),原(yuan)名崛圍(wei)(wei)教寺(si),是文殊菩薩的(de)道場之一(yi),唐(tang)宋(song)兩(liang)代(dai)香火很(hen)盛(sheng)。唐(tang)人李克用、李存勖(后唐(tang)莊宗)父子(zi)曾到(dao)此禮(li)佛焚香,寺(si)況空前。
修繕重建
宋末毀于(yu)戰火,明(ming)洪(hong)武年間(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)建,是晉王(wang)宗室的重(zhong)(zhong)要禮佛之所(suo),弘治年間(jian)(公元 1488年-1505年)改(gai)名多(duo)福寺。后又多(duo)次重(zhong)(zhong)修。
規模建制
寺院規模
進入山門,天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、藏經樓、千(qian)佛(fo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由(you)南(nan)而北,鱗次列于中軸線上(shang),構成三進院落。兩旁鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓、配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、禪堂(tang)布局嚴(yan)整。山門與天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)合一(yi),內塑哼哈二將(jiang)和(he)四大(da)(da)(da)天王。天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)對面(mian)這(zhe)座大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)便(bian)是寺院的(de)主建(jian)筑大(da)(da)(da)雄(xiong)寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)面(mian)闊七間,進深(shen)五間,四周圍廊,前后(hou)出檐均有(you)明柱(zhu),屋頂四周琉璃剪邊(bian),宏偉而瑰麗。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內供奉三佛(fo)四菩(pu)薩,中間是釋迦(jia)牟(mou)(mou)尼(ni)佛(fo),兩邊(bian)是藥師佛(fo)和(he)彌陀佛(fo),普(pu)賢、觀音(yin)、文殊三位菩(pu)薩分立(li)三佛(fo)之前,另(ling)在釋迦(jia)佛(fo)背后(hou)還(huan)有(you)一(yi)尊倒坐觀音(yin)。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)墻壁(bi)繪有(you)84幅連環畫,反映釋迦(jia)牟(mou)(mou)尼(ni)佛(fo)的(de)生(sheng)平事跡,畫法嫻熟,線條流暢,著色講究(jiu),立(li)體感強(qiang),形象逼真,是難得的(de)明代(dai)壁(bi)畫精品。大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)于80年代(dai)中期曾落架(jia)大(da)(da)(da)修。
二進院主體建筑藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)是(shi)一上(shang)(shang)閣(ge)下洞的(de)雙層復合體,六根(gen)大(da)柱把上(shang)(shang)下緊(jin)緊(jin)連在一起(qi),渾然天(tian)成(cheng),相(xiang)得益(yi)彰,洞名(ming)乘息(xi)洞,閣(ge)曰文(wen)殊閣(ge),洞門石柱上(shang)(shang)淋漓(li)酣(han)暢的(de)墨跡為(wei)傅(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)先生手書,頗為(wei)珍貴,最東邊(bian)洞內有(you)傅(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang)。藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)東側的(de)紅葉(xie)洞,傅(fu)(fu)山(shan)(shan)先生曾在此讀書行醫(yi)治病,洞頂(ding)殿(dian)內神龕內三(san)尊菩薩像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)后塑(su)。藏(zang)經(jing)樓(lou)西側龍王殿(dian)內有(you)龍王塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang),殿(dian)前水井即為(wei)文(wen)殊菩薩所賜“龍池”。
三(san)進院的主建筑千(qian)佛殿(dian)(dian)高居全寺最上部,殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)供三(san)世佛、四大菩薩(sa),三(san)面墻壁共有870多(duo)尊佛像。殿(dian)(dian)前牡丹池內(nei)(nei)原有500多(duo)年前的牡丹,可惜毀(hui)于動亂年代。
建筑風格
重修時,建筑布局保留了唐代特(te)點(dian)。
主要景觀
寺內景觀
現存山門、鐘樓、大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、文殊閣、藏經樓、東西(xi)垛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)等(deng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇7處。大(da)雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)主(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),規模宏(hong)偉,并(bing)有(you)壁畫84幅(fu)與一些塑像,均為(wei)明代遺物。寺(si)內有(you)霜(shuang)紅龕(kan),為(wei)明末清初太原著(zhu)名學者(zhe)(zhe)傅山隱居處。唯寺(si)前(qian)山巔磚(zhuan)塔,仍是宋代原構。寺(si)內有(you)霜(shuang)紅龕(kan),為(wei)明末清初太原著(zhu)名學者(zhe)(zhe)傅山隱居處。多(duo)福寺(si)在(zai)山頂小峪之(zhi)中,緩緩清流,過(guo)寺(si)前(qian)蜿蜒而下,潺潺作響(xiang),極(ji)富古剎風(feng)趣。
寺內山墻有明代立粉貼金彩繪的佛傳壁(bi)畫84幅,描寫(xie)釋迦牟尼生(sheng)平(ping)事跡,畫面生(sheng)動、色彩艷麗(li),為明代寺觀壁(bi)畫中的精品。
崛圍山風景區
位于(yu)市區西(xi)北(bei)24公里處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峻,松柏(bo)遍野,春日山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花競(jing)放,秋來紅葉滿(man)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。“崛圍紅葉”是(shi)(shi)太(tai)原(yuan)著名風景(jing)之一(yi)。寺廟(miao)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝南(nan),處于(yu)松柏(bo)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒包圍之中。 寺前東(dong)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰頂處,宋建(jian)七(qi)級舍(she)利磚塔(ta)巍然聳(song)立,登塔(ta)可俯(fu)瞰太(tai)原(yuan)城全景(jing)。寺內的(de)紅葉洞(dong),在(zai)(zai)二(er)進院藏經樓下(xia),是(shi)(shi)思想家傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先生讀書處。寺東(dong)南(nan)方有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巖(yan)(yan),巖(yan)(yan)下(xia)即(ji)“珍珠坡(po)”,原(yuan)是(shi)(shi)僧人擔水和信(xin)士禮(li)佛的(de)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)古道。現砌(qi)成340 多(duo)級石(shi)磴,是(shi)(shi)游人從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)登坡(po)游山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)最(zui)佳路線(xian)。上(shang)坡(po)攀登到山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巖(yan)(yan)頂,有六角七(qi)層舍(she)利風水寶塔(ta),站在(zai)(zai)塔(ta)基上(shang)東(dong)望(wang),晉陽(yang)大(da)地(di)盡收眼底;西(xi)眺,古松分(fen)列南(nan)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡(po),“南(nan)松北(bei)柏(bo)”是(shi)(shi)崛圍奇(qi)觀之一(yi)。松林中有傅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)隱(yin)居的(de)“七(qi)松庵”。
寺院傳說
山崖(ya)腰間有凈(jing)土(tu)(tu)大(da)(da)佛(fo)寺 。據碑文記(ji)載(zai) ,漢(han)時土(tu)(tu)山崩裂(lie),裂(lie)陷(xian)成洞,洞內土(tu)(tu)丘形似(si)佛(fo),高可(ke)10丈(zhang)。傳為“山崩佛(fo)現”,乃“凈(jing)土(tu)(tu)之因(yin)緣”,因(yin)名(ming)。寺始建(jian)于北齊,金泰和五年(1205)重(zhong)建(jian),分前(qian)后(hou)兩院(yuan)。前(qian)院(yuan)主建(jian)筑大(da)(da)佛(fo)閣(ge)東西向,單坡二(er)層重(zhong)檐歇山頂樓閣(ge),是明嘉(jia)靖二(er)十年(1541)重(zhong)建(jian)的,沒有勾欄,登閣(ge)可(ke)參觀大(da)(da)佛(fo)的全方位(wei)。入(ru)閣(ge)進洞,洞深25米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)7米(mi)(mi),前(qian)部石碑林立,后(hou)部是石胎泥塑大(da)(da)佛(fo),高10余(yu)米(mi)(mi),稱“土(tu)(tu)堂大(da)(da)佛(fo)”,也是八景之一(yi)
寺院文物
后院(yuan)是四合(he)院(yuan)建筑,南北向,主殿(dian)塑三身(shen)佛,配殿(dian)是十八羅(luo)漢朝(chao)觀音,十大閻王朝(chao)地(di)藏(zang),有塑像(xiang)30余尊,系明清(qing)作品。院(yuan)內殘存(cun)三棵古柏,虬枝(zhi)亂舞(wu),長(chang)勢(shi)奇(qi)特,叫(jiao)怪柏”、“神柏”。也是八景(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)。