修筑歷史
松(song)潘(pan)古城(cheng)位于己于人(ren)松(song)潘(pan)縣(xian)縣(xian)政府所在地(di)進安鎮,為川西北地(di)區的(de)門戶之一,自古以來就是一處重(zhong)要的(de)軍事要塞(sai),深得廳朝(chao)重(zhong)視。1379年(nian)(明洪武十二(er)年(nian))平羌(qiang)將(jiang)軍丁玉揮師占據松(song)州(zhou)后(hou),兩(liang)度上書(shu)朝(chao)廷請求(qiu)設(she)衛建(jian)城(cheng)派兵(bing)駐扎(zha),次年(nian)朝(chao)庭批準設(she)“松(song)州(zhou)衛”,后(hou)將(jiang)“潘(pan)州(zhou)衛”(今(jin)若(ruo)爾蓋縣(xian)求(qiu)吉鄉境(jing)內(nei))并(bing)入稱“松(song)潘(pan)衛”。保存至今(jin)的(de)古城(cheng)墻(qiang)即為此時始筑。
據民國《松(song)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)縣志(zhi)》載,松(song)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)始設衛時,丁玉即(ji)調(diao)寧州(zhou)(個甘肅寧縣)指揮高(gao)顯來松(song)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)負責筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)事宜。高(gao)顯在唐宋(song)柔遠土城(cheng)(cheng)基礎上(shang)(shang),西緣山(shan)麓,東濱江岸筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng),歷時五年(nian)之(zhi)外。明(ming)英宗上(shang)(shang)統年(nian)間(jian),御使寇(kou)琛又將西部(bu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻內(nei)山(shan)麓順(shun)山(shan)脊筑(zhu)至山(shan)頂。嘉靖五年(nian)1520年(nian)松(song)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)兵何卿又增修外城(cheng)(cheng)二里七(qi)分四百(bai)零五丈。松(song)潘(pan)(pan)(pan)城(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)大體完成。
城墻構造
松潘古城(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)內(nei)(nei)(nei)、外(wai)兩(liang)城(cheng)(cheng),內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)面(mian)跨崇山(shan),依(yi)山(shan)順勢略呈(cheng)三角形(xing),東部(bu)崇山(shan)之(zhi)下(xia)河(he)谷部(bu)份為長(chang)方形(xing),外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)毗(pi)鄰內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)南面(mian)的河(he)谷下(xia)壩,有城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)與內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)相通,平(ping)面(mian)為長(chang)方形(xing)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻總長(chang)6.2公(gong)里(li),用本地燒制的青磚砌成墻身,內(nei)(nei)(nei)土(tu)石(shi)(其中外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻長(chang)1.37公(gong)里(li),用條石(shi)砌成墻身,內(nei)(nei)(nei)填土(tu)石(shi))而成,高12.5米,厚12余(yu)米,以糯米、石(shi)灰(hui)、桐油熬制的灰(hui)漿粕連勾(gou)縫,堅(jian)固如銅墻鐵壁。古城(cheng)(cheng)有城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)七道(dao),其中內(nei)(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)五道(dao):東曰“覲陽(yang)”,南稱“延薰”,兩(liang)號“威(wei)遠”,北名“鎮羌”,西南山(shan)麓者(zhe)冠之(zhi)“小(xiao)西門(men)(men)”,外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)有門(men)(men)兩(liang)道(dao),東西向者(zhe)雅各“臨(lin)江(jiang)”,內(nei)(nei)(nei)北向者(zhe)稱謂(wei)“安阜”。
各城(cheng)門(men)僅以大塊規(gui)則的長方(fang)(fang)條石券(quan)拱而成。各城(cheng)門(men)外原皆有翁城(cheng)(今僅存南門(men)翁城(cheng)),城(cheng)門(men)上(shang)(shang)建有重檐歇山式城(cheng)樓,惜已毀。從實際調查情(qing)況采石,每道門(men)(包括翁城(cheng))外壁門(men)沿兩(liang)側(ce)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)有仿(fang)木結(jie)構建筑,高(gao)浮雕(diao)須彌(mi)座(zuo)蓮(lian)(lian)花柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎,闌額(e),柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頂枋上(shang)(shang)施七鋪作(zuo)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),省替、鐠柏枋、梁、獅首椽子等,圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頂部陰刻密集形(xing)紋飾(shi),闌額(e)中心浮雕(diao)一朵(duo)雙蓮(lian)(lian)菱形(xing)花紋,雀替下方(fang)(fang)鏟地淺(qian)浮雕(diao)“雙鹿吃葉”圖案,門(men)洞上(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)門(men)楣上(shang)(shang)雕(diao)菱形(xing)窗格(ge)間(jian)以云彩紋飾(shi)。