文物遺存
托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來遺(yi)(yi)址位于新疆(jiang)維吾爾自治區巴楚縣托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來村。遺(yi)(yi)址包(bao)括(kuo)托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、 托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來佛寺(si)和(he)(he)圖(tu)木(mu)休克佛寺(si)等(deng)(deng)。在北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳均(jun)有寺(si)廟(miao)遺(yi)(yi)址。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)依(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)建,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)重,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)開門,系夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑成(cheng)。分(fen)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、大(da)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)(san)部(bu)分(fen)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長756米由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)續至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)長1008米。大(da)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米,由(you)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞(rao)到(dao)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)根(gen)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)均(jun)有土(tu)(tu)坯砌筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)還有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)。曾(ceng)出土(tu)(tu)大(da)量(liang)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、婆羅謎文(wen)(wen)(wen)、回鶻文(wen)(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯(bo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)及錢幣、絲(si)毛織物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)精(jing)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)。遺(yi)(yi)址年代(dai)上限可早至漢(han)代(dai),盛于唐(tang),一(yi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)喀什地區中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市,是(shi)絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)古(gu)(gu)道的(de)(de)(de)大(da)站(zhan)。晉唐(tang)時期的(de)(de)(de)托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來佛寺(si)和(he)(he)圖(tu)木(mu)休克佛寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)址,規(gui)模(mo)宏(hong)大(da),布(bu)局完整(zheng),發(fa)現有唐(tang)舍利(li)(li)盒(he)(he)、佛教(jiao)(jiao)雕塑和(he)(he)壁畫等(deng)(deng)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)長756米由(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭(tou)(tou)。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)接內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)續至山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)長1008米。大(da)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長1668米,由(you)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環繞(rao)到(dao)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)根(gen)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腰、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)均(jun)有土(tu)(tu)坯砌筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)還有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)。曾(ceng)出土(tu)(tu)大(da)量(liang)漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)、婆羅謎文(wen)(wen)(wen)、回鶻文(wen)(wen)(wen)、阿拉伯(bo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)文(wen)(wen)(wen)書(shu)及錢幣、絲(si)毛織物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)精(jing)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)。遺(yi)(yi)址年代(dai)上限可早至漢(han)代(dai),盛于唐(tang),一(yi)度(du)為(wei)(wei)喀什地區中(zhong)心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市,是(shi)絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)古(gu)(gu)道的(de)(de)(de)大(da)站(zhan)。古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)附近(jin)是(shi)晉唐(tang)時期托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來佛寺(si)和(he)(he)圖(tu)木(mu)休克佛寺(si)遺(yi)(yi)址,規(gui)模(mo)宏(hong)大(da),布(bu)局完整(zheng),發(fa)現有唐(tang)舍利(li)(li)盒(he)(he)、 佛教(jiao)(jiao)雕塑和(he)(he)壁畫等(deng)(deng)。托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來遺(yi)(yi)址處于漢(han)唐(tang)西(xi)(xi)域的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)(bei)道間,內(nei)涵(han)豐富,是(shi)該地區晉唐(tang)佛教(jiao)(jiao)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化繁榮(rong)的(de)(de)(de)證明,也是(shi)古(gu)(gu)絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)上歷(li)史、考古(gu)(gu)價值的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)(yi)址。 位于新疆(jiang)巴楚縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)約60公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)托和(he)(he)沙賴塔格北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓的(de)(de)(de)托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來遺(yi)(yi)址,最近(jin)被列為(wei)(wei)第五批全國(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護單位。托庫(ku)孜(zi)(zi)(zi)薩(sa)(sa)來遺(yi)(yi)址的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)重,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)開門,系夯(hang)土(tu)(tu)筑成(cheng)。在北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腳均(jun)有寺(si)廟(miao)遺(yi)(yi)址。據考證,此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漢(han)至北(bei)(bei)魏(wei)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)尉(wei)頭(tou)(tou)國(guo),唐(tang)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)據史德城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),亦即郁頭(tou)(tou)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。曾(ceng)是(shi)古(gu)(gu)絲(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)重鎮,在東(dong)西(xi)(xi)方文(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流中(zhong)發(fa)揮過(guo)重要作(zuo)用。