顧渚貢茶(cha)院(yuan)位于浙江省長興縣顧渚山(shan)側(ce)的虎頭巖。它是(shi)督造(zao)唐代貢茶(cha)顧渚紫筍茶(cha)的場(chang)所,也(ye)可(ke)以說是(shi)有史(shi)可(ke)稽的中國(guo)歷史(shi)上首座茶(cha)葉加工(gong)工(gong)場(chang)。
產于(yu)(yu)長興(xing)顧渚(zhu)山(shan)的紫筍茶(cha),是(shi)唐代貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)。唐大(da)歷五(wu)年,始貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)百(bai)串;至(zhi)會(hui)昌(chang)中(841-846年),歲(sui)貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)增(zeng)至(zhi)一(yi)萬八千(qian)四(si)百(bai)斤(jin)。制作貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)時,由(you)“刺(ci)史主之,觀察使總之”。據(ju)宋(song)嘉(jia)泰(tai)《吳(wu)興(xing)志》引《統(tong)記(ji)》載(zai):“長興(xing)有貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)院(yuan),在虎(hu)頭巖后(hou),曰(yue)顧渚(zhu)。石斫射而左懸臼,或(huo)耕為園(yuan),或(huo)伐為炭,惟官(guan)山(shan)獨(du)深秀。歸于(yu)(yu)顧渚(zhu)源(yuan)建草舍三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)間(jian),自大(da)歷五(wu)年至(zhi)貞元十(shi)(shi)六年于(yu)(yu)此造茶(cha),急程(cheng)遞進,取清明到京”。又說:“袁(yuan)高、于(yu)(yu)、李(li)吉甫各(ge)有述。至(zhi)貞元十(shi)(shi)七年(801年),刺(ci)吏李(li)詞以(yi)院(yuan)宇隘陋,造寺一(yi)所(suo),移(yi)武康吉禪(chan)額置焉,以(yi)東廊(lang)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)間(jian)為貢(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)茶(cha)院(yuan),兩行置茶(cha)碓,又焙百(bai)余(yu)所(suo),工(gong)匠千(qian)余(yu)人,引顧渚(zhu)泉亙(gen)其(qi)間(jian),烹蒸滌濯(zhuo)皆用之,非此水不(bu)能制也”。
到(dao)了元代,貢茶院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)改為磨茶院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)址移至水口(kou)。如今(jin),顧渚貢茶院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)雖廢圮,但院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)址遺跡(ji)依然可(ke)辨。現其旁立(li)碑(bei),以告后人。
2006年05月(yue)25日,顧渚貢茶院遺址及摩崖被國(guo)務院批(pi)準列入第六批(pi)全(quan)國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物保護單(dan)(dan)位名單(dan)(dan)。