南明(ming)山摩(mo)崖(ya)題刻位于浙江省麗水城南15公里(li)南明(ming)山上。
現存摩崖(ya)(ya)題(ti)(ti)記(ji)58處,主(zhu)要分布在石梁、高(gao)陽洞(dong)(dong)、云(yun)閣(ge)(ge)崖(ya)(ya)三處:石梁現存題(ti)(ti)記(ji)20處,其(qi)中(zhong)有北(bei)宋(song)(song)元?八年(1093年)處州太守關景暉的(de)題(ti)(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。該題(ti)(ti)記(ji)已被磨去(qu)一半,后(hou)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)“石梁”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)。此外,還(huan)有明(ming)(ming)、清兩代有關南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)游記(ji)的(de)碑刻(ke)(ke)(ke)六(liu)方;高(gao)陽洞(dong)(dong)有摩崖(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)15處,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)宋(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)期,在下(xia)洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)附近刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有“沈括、王子京、黃顏、李之(zhi)儀熙寧六(liu)年十二(er)月十二(er)日游”等字(zi)(zi)(zi),此題(ti)(ti)記(ji)是沈括察(cha)訪兩浙農(nong)田水(shui)利游南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)時(shi)(shi)所刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。在高(gao)陽洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)還(huan)有一則記(ji)載(zai)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)的(de)題(ti)(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke);云(yun)閣(ge)(ge)崖(ya)(ya)有摩崖(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)12處,其(qi)中(zhong)“靈(ling)崇”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東晉(jin)(jin)葛(ge)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)所書(shu)。 南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)(ke),位(wei)于(yu)浙江(jiang)省麗山(shan)市(shi)蓮都區(qu)城(cheng)南1.5公里的(de)南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)上(shang)。與(yu)城(cheng)區(qu)隔甌(ou)江(jiang)相(xiang)(xiang)望。山(shan)上(shang)寺(si)閣(ge)(ge)掩映(ying)于(yu)叢林,古跡隱(yin)現于(yu)丹崖(ya)(ya),素有“廓蒼之(zhi)勝”美譽。此地傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)晉(jin)(jin)代葛(ge)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)修道之(zhi)處。現有摩崖(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)58處,主(zhu)要分列于(yu)石梁、高(gao)陽洞(dong)(dong)和云(yun)閣(ge)(ge)崖(ya)(ya)3處。石梁長達(da)十數丈,凌空橫懸,喻為(wei)(wei)(wei)“半云(yun)”、“懸虹”,刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有題(ti)(ti)記(ji)20處;高(gao)陽洞(dong)(dong)有摩崖(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)15處,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)宋(song)(song)人遺跡。云(yun)閣(ge)(ge)崖(ya)(ya)有石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)12處,其(qi)中(zhong)“靈(ling)崇”二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi),書(shu)法遒(qiu)勁(jing),相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東晉(jin)(jin)葛(ge) 洪(hong)(hong)(hong)所書(shu)。“南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)”三個字(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)宋(song)(song)書(shu)畫家米(mi)芾書(shu)寫的(de)正書(shu),字(zi)(zi)(zi)徑(jing)零點五(wu)米(mi),筆(bi)力遒(qiu)勁(jing),飄逸灑脫(tuo)。旁有北(bei)宋(song)(song)紹圣(sheng)四年(公元1097年)處州郡宋(song)(song)劉(liu)涇(jing)的(de)贊(zan)語和題(ti)(ti)款,贊(zan)美米(mi)芾手跡“書(shu)之(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)奇崛(jue),與(yu)山(shan)兩相(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)。山(shan)可朽壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei),此書(shu)常壁立”。據志(zhi)書(shu)記(ji)載(zai),“南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)”三個字(zi)(zi)(zi)是當(dang)時(shi)(shi)處州郡宋(song)(song)劉(liu)涇(jing)到漣(lian)水(shui)請米(mi)芾書(shu)寫,帶(dai)回麗水(shui)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)在南明(ming)(ming)山(shan)閣(ge)(ge)崖(ya)(ya)的(de)。
今山頂(ding)云閣崖(ya)(ya)刻有(you)(you)(you)“靈崇”兩大字,傳為葛(ge)洪所書(shu)。山上寺(si)(si)閣掩映于叢林(lin),古(gu)(gu)跡隱現(xian)于丹(dan)崖(ya)(ya),素有(you)(you)(you)“廓(kuo)蒼(cang)之勝(sheng)”美(mei)譽(yu)。山與城之間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)碧波漣漪(yi)的(de)甌江(jiang)穿流而過。隔江(jiang)相望(wang),寺(si)(si)閣掩映在叢林(lin),古(gu)(gu)跡隱現(xian)于丹(dan)崖(ya)(ya)。對于這(zhe)樣一個淡雅清新之所,古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)詩(shi)曰:“荷(he)香僧院靜(jing),泉響(xiang)石(shi)梁幽。古(gu)(gu)洞(dong)夸(kua)仙跡,虛亭豁遠(yuan)眸”。山上的(de)云閣崖(ya)(ya)、高陽洞(dong)和(he)石(shi)梁的(de)崖(ya)(ya)壁(bi)上留(liu)有(you)(you)(you)晉以來(lai)歷朝(chao)名人(ren)(ren)、學者和(he)書(shu)畫家的(de)珍貴題刻。明人(ren)(ren)屠隆(long)說“好借南(nan)(nan)明一片(pian)石(shi),同垂名字照千春”,名流題詠,丘壑生輝。1981年南(nan)(nan)明山摩崖(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻列為江(jiang)省(sheng)重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。
南明山摩崖題刻主(zhu)要(yao)分列于石梁、高(gao)陽(yang)洞和云(yun)閣崖3處。
石(shi)梁(liang)位于南(nan)明山半山腰,走完“百廿步”石(shi)階(jie),迎面便是南(nan)明山大(da)石(shi)梁(liang),一條(tiao)巨(ju)石(shi)橫空十(shi)余(yu)丈(zhang),氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉,也叫“仙橋(qiao)”,與縉云(yun)仙都的石(shi)筍有異曲同工(gong)之(zhi)妙。石(shi)梁(liang)上有“半云(yun)”、“懸虹”等摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻(ke)二十(shi)余(yu)處。
相傳(chuan)是晉代(dai)道(dao)教理論家、醫學家、煉(lian)丹(dan)學家葛洪(hong)書(shu)寫的,是南明(ming)山摩崖(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)中時代(dai)早的一處。刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)深(shen)約米指,字徑零點四五米,隸書(shu),筆法古(gu)樸渾厚,摩刻(ke)在南明(ming)山云(yun)(yun)閣崖(ya)間(jian)。《處州府志(zhi).金(jin)石(shi)(shi)篇》贊其“飄若游云(yun)(yun),矯若驚龍”。
上高低錯落地遍布歷(li)(li)朝學(xue)者、文(wen)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)。測覽(lan)這些(xie)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke),首先(xian)映入眼簾的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)兩個(ge)隸書(shu)題(ti)字——“靈崇(chong)”。這是(shi)(shi)南明(ming)山(shan)(shan)摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)中年代早的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)。字徑一(yi)(yi)尺(chi)四,深(shen)約半指,筆法古樸渾(hun)厚。《處(chu)(chu)州(zhou)府志·金石(shi)篇(pian)》贊其(qi)“飄若游云,矯若驚(jing)龍”。相傳(chuan)是(shi)(shi)我國東晉道教理論(lun)家、醫學(xue)家、煉(lian)丹(dan)(dan)學(xue)家葛洪(hong)(hong)(hong)書(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)。據說他(ta)曾經隱(yin)居麗水(shui)南明(ming)山(shan)(shan)煉(lian)丹(dan)(dan),仁壽寺(si)后有(you)一(yi)(yi)口(kou)古井(jing),葛洪(hong)(hong)(hong)煉(lian)丹(dan)(dan)時使用過這口(kou)井(jing)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui),故(gu)名“葛井(jing)”,井(jing)水(shui)冬暖夏涼,清澈甘冽。清處(chu)(chu)州(zhou)太(tai)守陳璚還為此(ci)留(liu)下了(le)“葛翁仙去(qu)也,何處(chu)(chu)覓丹(dan)(dan)砂。虹斷石(shi)梁瀑,鶯留(liu)山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)花”的(de)(de)(de)詩句。至(zhi)今,這一(yi)(yi)帶地方仍有(you)葛洪(hong)(hong)(hong)煉(lian)丹(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)事在流傳(chuan)。在葛洪(hong)(hong)(hong)手跡的(de)(de)(de)旁邊(bian),有(you)北宋(song)(song)紹圣年問處(chu)(chu)州(zhou)郡(jun)守劉(liu)涇(jing)的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)贊題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke),贊譽(yu)葛仙翁真跡“靈崇(chong)故(gu)揮掃(sao),縹(piao)緲(miao)神飛驚(jing)”。劉(liu)涇(jing)是(shi)(shi)四川簡(jian)州(zhou)人(ren),北宋(song)(song)熙寧進士,他(ta)工書(shu)善(shan)畫,對(dui)金石(shi)頗有(you)研究(jiu),并編有(you)《成(cheng)都刻(ke)(ke)(ke)石(shi)總(zong)目》。這條八百(bai)多年前的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)贊考(kao)證,可以消除(chu)歷(li)(li)來對(dui)葛洪(hong)(hong)(hong)手跡的(de)(de)(de)質疑,題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)因風雨(yu)沖(chong)刷(shua)剝蝕,后人(ren)摩(mo)平復刻(ke)(ke)(ke),現在僅保留(liu)五行二十(shi)五個(ge)字。
“靈崇”兩(liang)字的(de)右側崖壁(bi)上,鐫刻(ke)著(zhu)(zhu)北(bei)宋書(shu)(shu)畫家米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芾(fei)書(shu)(shu)寫的(de)“南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)”三個行書(shu)(shu)大(da)字。字徑一尺(chi)五,筆力遒勁,飄(piao)逸灑脫。旁有(you)劉(liu)涇的(de)行書(shu)(shu)題款,贊美米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)元章手跡(ji)“書(shu)(shu)之字奇(qi)崛(jue),與山(shan)兩(liang)相高(gao)。山(shan)可朽壤為,此書(shu)(shu)常壁(bi)立。”,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芾(fei)精于(yu)書(shu)(shu)法(fa),用筆俊邁,索(suo)有(you)“風檣陣馬,沉(chen)(chen)著(zhu)(zhu)痛快(kuai)”之評,《宋史(shi)》本傳說他“特妙于(yu)翰(han)墨(mo),沉(chen)(chen)著(zhu)(zhu)飛翥,得王(wang)獻(xian)之筆意”。他的(de)書(shu)(shu)法(fa)與蘇軾(shi)、黃庭堅(jian)、蔡襄齊(qi)名,人稱“宋四家”。米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芾(fei)并沒(mei)有(you)到過(guo)麗水(shui),據志書(shu)(shu)記載,“南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)”三個字是當時處州郡守(shou)劉(liu)涇到漣水(shui)請米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)芾(fei)書(shu)(shu)寫,帶回麗水(shui)鐫刻(ke)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)云(yun)閣崖的(de)。
由一(yi)塊巨石覆(fu)蓋于(yu)山崖(ya)而(er)形成(cheng)的一(yi)個天(tian)然(ran)洞隙,長(chang)二十米,寬(kuan)三米。洞壁(bi)上有(you)許多(duo)題(ti)刻(ke),引入注目的是洞北壁(bi)北宋(song)學者(zhe)沈括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)的題(ti)字:“沈括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)、王子(zi)京(jing)、黃顏、李(li)之儀熙(xi)寧(ning)六年(nian)十二月(yue)十二日游”。共(gong)四行二十一(yi)個字。正書(shu)體,字徑六寸。宋(song)神宗熙(xi)寧(ning)六年(nian)即公元—零七(qi)三年(nian),沈括(kuo)(kuo)(kuo)奉命察訪農田水(shui)(shui)利,行經麗水(shui)(shui),順便游覽南(nan)明(ming)山,欣然(ran)題(ti)刻(ke)留名。
高(gao)陽洞(dong)洞(dong)口的(de)下首崖(ya)壁上還有無名氏刻寫的(de)《高(gao)陽洞(dong)紀(ji)事》:“大宋(song)紹(shao)興甲子(zi)丙寅(yin)歲(sui),洪水自溪暴漲,約(yue)高(gao)八丈,人多避于樓屋,誤死(si)者不可勝計(ji),因紀(ji)于石,以告(gao)后來(lai)。”紀(ji)事真(zhen)實記錄了公元(yuan)一(yi)一(yi)四四年和一(yi)一(yi)四六年兩次洪水暴發給(gei)麗水百姓帶來(lai)的(de)巨大災難(nan)。
南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)摩(mo)崖(ya)題(ti)刻(ke)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)云(yun)閣(ge)崖(ya)、高(gao)陽(yang)洞和(he)石梁的(de)(de)(de)(de)崖(ya)壁上留有晉(jin)以來(lai)歷朝名(ming)人(ren)、學者和(he)書畫家的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴題(ti)刻(ke)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)屠隆說(shuo)“好借南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)一(yi)片石,同垂名(ming)字照(zhao)千春”,名(ming)流(liu)題(ti)詠,丘壑生(sheng)輝,南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)摩(mo)崖(ya)石刻(ke)是(shi)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省重點文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位。 水南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)因摩(mo)崖(ya)石刻(ke)而增(zeng)光(guang)生(sheng)色,摩(mo)崖(ya)石刻(ke)又因葛洪、沈括和(he)米芾(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真跡而價值倍增(zeng)。現在(zai),整個南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區(qu)(qu)已(yi)以她(ta)綽約多(duo)姿(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)風(feng)貌亭(ting)(ting)亭(ting)(ting)玉(yu)立(li)于(yu)(yu)甌江(jiang)之畔(pan),為浙(zhe)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅游(you)(you)勝地(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)高(gao)處是(shi)“云(yun)閣(ge)崖(ya)”,它是(shi)一(yi)塊高(gao)16米,寬(kuan)66米左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)(de)崖(ya)避(bi),崖(ya)上建一(yi)個四角閣(ge)。在(zai)閣(ge)后(hou)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)崖(ya)避(bi)上,有葛洪題(ti)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“靈崇”兩字,字態“飄若游(you)(you)龍(long),矯似驚龍(long)”。還(huan)有米芾(fei)(fei)井,名(ming)葛井,傳說(shuo)是(shi)葛洪當年煉丹用的(de)(de)(de)(de)水井。現在(zai),整個南(nan)(nan)明(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區(qu)(qu)已(yi)以她(ta)綽約多(duo)姿(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特(te)風(feng)貌亭(ting)(ting)亭(ting)(ting)玉(yu)立(li)于(yu)(yu)甌江(jiang)之畔(pan),為浙(zhe)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)增(zeng)添了一(yi)處旅游(you)(you)勝地(di)(di)。
南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)位于麗水城(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)里許(xu)的(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。現已查明(ming)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)有(you)五十(shi)八處(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)晉代道教理(li)論家葛洪所題(ti)的(de)“靈崇”,北宋(song)書(shu)畫家米蒂“南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”題(ti)字,北宋(song)沈括(kuo)的(de)記(ji)游(you)題(ti)名。還有(you)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)紹興年間(jian),洪水災害及“處(chu)(chu)州七(qi)千子弟”應征抗日的(de)題(ti)記(ji),具有(you)極為(wei)珍貴的(de)史料價值(zhi)。在(zai)石(shi)梁下另立(li)有(you)明(ming)、清兩(liang)朝(chao)名人(ren)(ren)記(ji)游(you)南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)詩刻(ke)(ke)(ke)碑石(shi)六方。摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)石(shi)梁、高陽(yang)洞(dong)(dong)、云(yun)閣(ge)崖(ya)三(san)處(chu)(chu)多。南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)于1963年3月11日被(bei)浙江省(sheng)人(ren)(ren)民委員會公布為(wei)第二批省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。保護范圍:云(yun)閣(ge)崖(ya)、高陽(yang)洞(dong)(dong)、石(shi)梁及山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)其(qi)(qi)他各處(chu)(chu)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)及所在(zai)巖壁。建設(she)控制地(di)帶:整(zheng)個南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)物風景(jing)區。 南(nan)(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)不(bu)僅是有(you)著豐富的(de)歷(li)史內(nei)涵和史料價值(zhi),而(er)且其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)許(xu)多摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)政治或(huo)文(wen)化(hua)名人(ren)(ren)所題(ti),書(shu)法精(jing)美,具有(you)珍貴的(de)藝術價值(zhi)。這些不(bu)同年代的(de)摩(mo)(mo)崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke),或(huo)富于天然(ran)之意趣,或(huo)體量巨大、氣勢恢弘,或(huo)為(wei)名家手筆,為(wei)秀美的(de)自然(ran)風景(jing)增加了(le)深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)人(ren)(ren)文(wen)內(nei)涵。