南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)摩崖(ya)題刻位于浙江省(sheng)麗水城南(nan)15公里南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)上。
現存摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)題記(ji)58處(chu)(chu),主要分布在(zai)石(shi)(shi)梁、高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)洞(dong)、云(yun)(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)三處(chu)(chu):石(shi)(shi)梁現存題記(ji)20處(chu)(chu),其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)北(bei)宋元?八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1093年(nian)(nian)(nian))處(chu)(chu)州太守關景暉的(de)(de)(de)(de)題刻(ke)(ke)。該題記(ji)已(yi)被磨去(qu)一半,后(hou)刻(ke)(ke)“石(shi)(shi)梁”二字。此(ci)(ci)(ci)外(wai),還有(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)、清兩代有(you)(you)關南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山游(you)記(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)碑刻(ke)(ke)六(liu)方;高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)洞(dong)有(you)(you)摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)15處(chu)(chu),多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)宋時(shi)期,在(zai)下(xia)洞(dong)口附近刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)“沈括、王子(zi)京、黃(huang)顏、李之儀熙(xi)寧六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)二月(yue)十(shi)二日游(you)”等字,此(ci)(ci)(ci)題記(ji)是(shi)(shi)沈括察訪兩浙農田水利游(you)南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山時(shi)所刻(ke)(ke)。在(zai)高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)洞(dong)口還有(you)(you)一則記(ji)載(zai)洪水的(de)(de)(de)(de)題刻(ke)(ke);云(yun)(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)12處(chu)(chu),其(qi)中(zhong)“靈崇”二字傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)晉葛(ge)洪所書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。 南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke),位于浙江省麗(li)山市蓮都區城南(nan)1.5公里的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山上(shang)。與(yu)城區隔甌江相(xiang)望。山上(shang)寺閣掩映于叢林,古跡隱現于丹崖(ya)(ya)(ya),素有(you)(you)“廓蒼之勝”美譽。此(ci)(ci)(ci)地傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晉代葛(ge)洪修道(dao)之處(chu)(chu)。現有(you)(you)摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)58處(chu)(chu),主要分列于石(shi)(shi)梁、高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)洞(dong)和云(yun)(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)3處(chu)(chu)。石(shi)(shi)梁長達十(shi)數丈,凌空橫懸(xuan)(xuan),喻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“半云(yun)(yun)”、“懸(xuan)(xuan)虹(hong)”,刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)題記(ji)20處(chu)(chu);高(gao)陽(yang)(yang)洞(dong)有(you)(you)摩(mo)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)15處(chu)(chu),多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宋人遺跡。云(yun)(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)12處(chu)(chu),其(qi)中(zhong)“靈崇”二字,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)法遒勁(jing),相(xiang)傳為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)晉葛(ge) 洪所書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。“南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山”三個(ge)字為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)宋書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)畫家米(mi)芾書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),字徑(jing)零點(dian)五米(mi),筆力遒勁(jing),飄逸灑脫(tuo)。旁有(you)(you)北(bei)宋紹圣四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公元1097年(nian)(nian)(nian))處(chu)(chu)州郡宋劉涇(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)贊語(yu)和題款(kuan),贊美米(mi)芾手跡“書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)之字奇崛,與(yu)山兩相(xiang)高(gao)。山可朽壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),此(ci)(ci)(ci)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)常壁(bi)立”。據志書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)記(ji)載(zai),“南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山”三個(ge)字是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)處(chu)(chu)州郡宋劉涇(jing)到漣水請米(mi)芾書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)寫,帶(dai)回麗(li)水刻(ke)(ke)在(zai)南(nan)明(ming)(ming)山閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
今山(shan)頂云閣崖(ya)刻(ke)有(you)(you)“靈崇(chong)”兩大字(zi),傳為葛洪(hong)所書。山(shan)上寺閣掩(yan)映于(yu)叢(cong)林,古(gu)(gu)跡隱(yin)現于(yu)丹崖(ya),素有(you)(you)“廓蒼之勝”美(mei)譽。山(shan)與(yu)城之間有(you)(you)碧(bi)波漣漪的(de)甌江(jiang)(jiang)穿流而過。隔江(jiang)(jiang)相望,寺閣掩(yan)映在叢(cong)林,古(gu)(gu)跡隱(yin)現于(yu)丹崖(ya)。對于(yu)這樣(yang)一個淡雅清(qing)新之所,古(gu)(gu)人有(you)(you)詩曰:“荷(he)香僧院靜,泉響石(shi)梁(liang)(liang)幽。古(gu)(gu)洞夸仙跡,虛亭豁遠眸”。山(shan)上的(de)云閣崖(ya)、高陽洞和石(shi)梁(liang)(liang)的(de)崖(ya)壁上留有(you)(you)晉以來歷朝名人、學(xue)者和書畫家的(de)珍(zhen)貴題(ti)刻(ke)。明(ming)人屠隆說“好借南明(ming)一片石(shi),同垂名字(zi)照千春”,名流題(ti)詠,丘壑生輝。1981年(nian)南明(ming)山(shan)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)列為江(jiang)(jiang)省重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
南明山摩崖題(ti)刻主要分列于石梁、高(gao)陽洞和云(yun)閣崖3處。
石(shi)梁位于南明山半山腰,走(zou)完“百廿步(bu)”石(shi)階(jie),迎(ying)面便是南明山大石(shi)梁,一(yi)條(tiao)巨石(shi)橫(heng)空十余丈,氣勢雄偉,也叫(jiao)“仙橋”,與縉云仙都的石(shi)筍有異曲同工之妙。石(shi)梁上有“半云”、“懸虹(hong)”等摩崖石(shi)刻二十余處。
相傳是晉代(dai)道(dao)教理論家、醫學(xue)(xue)家、煉丹學(xue)(xue)家葛洪書(shu)寫的(de),是南明(ming)山(shan)摩崖(ya)石刻(ke)中時代(dai)早(zao)的(de)一處(chu)。刻(ke)石深約(yue)米指,字徑零點四五米,隸書(shu),筆(bi)法(fa)古樸渾厚,摩刻(ke)在南明(ming)山(shan)云閣崖(ya)間。《處(chu)州府(fu)志.金石篇(pian)》贊其“飄若(ruo)游云,矯若(ruo)驚龍”。
上高低錯落(luo)地遍布歷朝(chao)學(xue)者、文人的(de)(de)(de)題(ti)刻。測覽(lan)這(zhe)些(xie)題(ti)刻,首(shou)先(xian)映入(ru)眼(yan)簾的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)兩個(ge)隸書(shu)題(ti)字(zi)——“靈崇(chong)(chong)”。這(zhe)是(shi)南明山(shan)摩崖石(shi)(shi)刻中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)代(dai)早的(de)(de)(de)一處。字(zi)徑(jing)一尺四,深約半指,筆法古樸渾厚。《處州府志·金石(shi)(shi)篇(pian)》贊(zan)(zan)其“飄(piao)若游云,矯若驚(jing)龍”。相傳是(shi)我(wo)國東晉道(dao)教理論(lun)家、醫學(xue)家、煉(lian)(lian)丹(dan)(dan)學(xue)家葛洪(hong)(hong)書(shu)寫的(de)(de)(de)。據說他曾(ceng)經隱居麗水(shui)南明山(shan)煉(lian)(lian)丹(dan)(dan),仁(ren)壽寺(si)后(hou)有(you)一口(kou)古井,葛洪(hong)(hong)煉(lian)(lian)丹(dan)(dan)時使用過這(zhe)口(kou)井里的(de)(de)(de)水(shui),故名“葛井”,井水(shui)冬暖夏涼,清澈甘冽。清處州太守(shou)陳璚還為此留(liu)(liu)下了(le)“葛翁(weng)仙(xian)去也,何處覓丹(dan)(dan)砂(sha)。虹斷石(shi)(shi)梁瀑,鶯留(liu)(liu)山(shan)洞花”的(de)(de)(de)詩句。至今,這(zhe)一帶地方仍(reng)有(you)葛洪(hong)(hong)煉(lian)(lian)丹(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)故事(shi)在流傳。在葛洪(hong)(hong)手跡的(de)(de)(de)旁邊(bian),有(you)北(bei)宋(song)紹(shao)圣年(nian)(nian)問處州郡守(shou)劉涇(jing)的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)贊(zan)(zan)題(ti)刻,贊(zan)(zan)譽葛仙(xian)翁(weng)真跡“靈崇(chong)(chong)故揮(hui)掃,縹緲神飛驚(jing)”。劉涇(jing)是(shi)四川簡州人,北(bei)宋(song)熙寧進士(shi),他工書(shu)善(shan)畫,對金石(shi)(shi)頗有(you)研究,并編有(you)《成都刻石(shi)(shi)總(zong)目(mu)》。這(zhe)條(tiao)八百多年(nian)(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)書(shu)贊(zan)(zan)考證(zheng),可以消(xiao)除(chu)歷來對葛洪(hong)(hong)手跡的(de)(de)(de)質疑,題(ti)刻因(yin)風(feng)雨沖刷剝(bo)蝕,后(hou)人摩平復刻,現在僅保留(liu)(liu)五行(xing)二(er)十五個(ge)字(zi)。
“靈崇(chong)”兩(liang)字(zi)的(de)(de)右側崖(ya)壁上(shang),鐫刻著北宋(song)書(shu)(shu)(shu)畫家米(mi)(mi)(mi)芾書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie)的(de)(de)“南明(ming)山(shan)”三(san)個行書(shu)(shu)(shu)大字(zi)。字(zi)徑一尺五,筆(bi)力遒(qiu)勁,飄逸(yi)灑脫。旁有(you)劉(liu)涇的(de)(de)行書(shu)(shu)(shu)題款,贊美米(mi)(mi)(mi)元章手跡“書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)字(zi)奇崛,與(yu)山(shan)兩(liang)相高。山(shan)可朽壤為,此(ci)書(shu)(shu)(shu)常壁立。”,米(mi)(mi)(mi)芾精(jing)于書(shu)(shu)(shu)法,用筆(bi)俊邁,索有(you)“風檣陣馬,沉(chen)著痛(tong)快”之(zhi)評,《宋(song)史》本傳說他“特(te)妙于翰墨,沉(chen)著飛翥,得王獻(xian)之(zhi)筆(bi)意(yi)”。他的(de)(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法與(yu)蘇軾、黃庭堅、蔡襄齊名,人稱“宋(song)四(si)家”。米(mi)(mi)(mi)芾并沒有(you)到過麗水(shui),據志書(shu)(shu)(shu)記載,“南明(ming)山(shan)”三(san)個字(zi)是(shi)當時處州郡(jun)守劉(liu)涇到漣水(shui)請米(mi)(mi)(mi)芾書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie),帶(dai)回(hui)麗水(shui)鐫刻在南明(ming)山(shan)云閣崖(ya)的(de)(de)。
由一塊巨石覆蓋于山崖而形成的(de)(de)一個天然洞隙,長二(er)(er)十米,寬(kuan)三米。洞壁(bi)(bi)上有許多題(ti)刻(ke),引入(ru)注目的(de)(de)是洞北(bei)壁(bi)(bi)北(bei)宋學者沈(shen)括(kuo)(kuo)的(de)(de)題(ti)字(zi):“沈(shen)括(kuo)(kuo)、王子(zi)京、黃(huang)顏、李之儀熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)六年(nian)十二(er)(er)月十二(er)(er)日游(you)”。共(gong)四(si)行二(er)(er)十一個字(zi)。正書體,字(zi)徑六寸。宋神宗(zong)熙(xi)(xi)寧(ning)六年(nian)即公元—零(ling)七三年(nian),沈(shen)括(kuo)(kuo)奉命察(cha)訪農(nong)田水利(li),行經(jing)麗(li)水,順便游(you)覽南明山,欣(xin)然題(ti)刻(ke)留名。
高陽洞洞口的(de)(de)下首崖壁上還有無名氏刻(ke)寫的(de)(de)《高陽洞紀事》:“大宋紹興(xing)甲子丙寅歲,洪(hong)水自溪暴漲,約(yue)高八丈(zhang),人多避(bi)于(yu)(yu)樓屋(wu),誤死者不(bu)可勝計,因紀于(yu)(yu)石,以告(gao)后來。”紀事真實記錄了公元一一四四年和一一四六(liu)年兩次(ci)洪(hong)水暴發給(gei)麗水百姓帶來的(de)(de)巨大災難。
南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)題刻(ke)(ke)主要(yao)的(de)云閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、高(gao)陽洞和(he)石梁的(de)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)壁上留有晉以來(lai)歷朝名(ming)(ming)人(ren)(ren)、學(xue)者和(he)書畫(hua)家的(de)珍貴題刻(ke)(ke)。明(ming)人(ren)(ren)屠隆說(shuo)“好借南(nan)(nan)明(ming)一片石,同垂名(ming)(ming)字照(zhao)千春”,名(ming)(ming)流題詠,丘壑生輝,南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)浙(zhe)江省重(zhong)點文物保護單位。 水(shui)南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)因摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)而增光生色,摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)石刻(ke)(ke)又(you)因葛(ge)洪(hong)、沈(shen)括(kuo)和(he)米(mi)(mi)芾的(de)真跡而價值倍增。現在,整個(ge)南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區已以她綽約(yue)多姿(zi)的(de)獨(du)特(te)風(feng)貌亭(ting)亭(ting)玉立于甌(ou)(ou)江之畔,為浙(zhe)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區的(de)旅游(you)(you)勝(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)。南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)高(gao)處是(shi)(shi)“云閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)”,它是(shi)(shi)一塊高(gao)16米(mi)(mi),寬66米(mi)(mi)左右的(de)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)避,崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上建一個(ge)四角閣。在閣后方的(de)崖(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)避上,有葛(ge)洪(hong)題刻(ke)(ke)的(de)“靈(ling)崇(chong)”兩(liang)字,字態“飄若(ruo)游(you)(you)龍(long),矯似驚(jing)龍(long)”。還有米(mi)(mi)芾井,名(ming)(ming)葛(ge)井,傳說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)葛(ge)洪(hong)當年煉丹用(yong)的(de)水(shui)井。現在,整個(ge)南(nan)(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景區已以她綽約(yue)多姿(zi)的(de)獨(du)特(te)風(feng)貌亭(ting)亭(ting)玉立于甌(ou)(ou)江之畔,為浙(zhe)南(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)區增添了一處旅游(you)(you)勝(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)。
南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)位(wei)于麗水(shui)城南(nan)三里(li)許(xu)的(de)南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。現已查(cha)明(ming)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)有(you)五十八(ba)處,其中(zhong)有(you)相(xiang)傳為(wei)(wei)晉代(dai)道教理(li)論家(jia)(jia)葛(ge)洪所題(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)“靈崇”,北(bei)宋(song)書(shu)畫家(jia)(jia)米(mi)蒂“南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”題(ti)(ti)(ti)字,北(bei)宋(song)沈(shen)括的(de)記(ji)游(you)題(ti)(ti)(ti)名(ming)。還有(you)南(nan)宋(song)紹興年間,洪水(shui)災害及“處州(zhou)七千子(zi)弟”應征抗日(ri)的(de)題(ti)(ti)(ti)記(ji),具(ju)有(you)極為(wei)(wei)珍(zhen)貴的(de)史(shi)(shi)料(liao)價值(zhi)(zhi)。在石(shi)梁(liang)下另立有(you)明(ming)、清兩朝名(ming)人(ren)記(ji)游(you)南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)詩刻(ke)碑石(shi)六方。摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)以(yi)石(shi)梁(liang)、高陽洞、云(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)三處多。南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke)南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)于1963年3月11日(ri)被(bei)浙江省(sheng)人(ren)民委員會公布為(wei)(wei)第(di)二(er)批(pi)省(sheng)級文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位(wei)。保護(hu)范圍:云(yun)閣崖(ya)(ya)(ya)、高陽洞、石(shi)梁(liang)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)上其他各處摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)題(ti)(ti)(ti)刻(ke)及所在巖(yan)壁。建設控制(zhi)地(di)帶:整個南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)風(feng)景(jing)區。 南(nan)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)不(bu)(bu)僅是有(you)著豐富的(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)內涵和史(shi)(shi)料(liao)價值(zhi)(zhi),而且(qie)其中(zhong)許(xu)多摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke)為(wei)(wei)政治或(huo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人(ren)所題(ti)(ti)(ti),書(shu)法(fa)精美(mei)(mei),具(ju)有(you)珍(zhen)貴的(de)藝術(shu)價值(zhi)(zhi)。這(zhe)些不(bu)(bu)同年代(dai)的(de)摩崖(ya)(ya)(ya)石(shi)刻(ke),或(huo)富于天然之意趣,或(huo)體量巨大、氣勢恢弘,或(huo)為(wei)(wei)名(ming)家(jia)(jia)手筆,為(wei)(wei)秀美(mei)(mei)的(de)自然風(feng)景(jing)增加了(le)深厚的(de)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)內涵。