永昌鐘鼓樓(lou)又(you)名聲教(jiao)樓(lou),位(wei)于永昌縣城(cheng)中(zhong)四(si)(si)(si)街(jie)交匯之處。建于1587年(明神(shen)宗萬(wan)歷十五(wu)年)。東(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)22米(mi)(mi)(mi),南(nan)北長23米(mi)(mi)(mi)。分樓(lou)閣和樓(lou)臺(tai)兩部分。臺(tai)基(ji)邊寬(kuan)22米(mi)(mi)(mi),高7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),通高24.5米(mi)(mi)(mi);樓(lou)閣重檐(yan)廡殿頂共二層三檐(yan),下(xia)層面(mian)寬(kuan)三間(jian),進深(shen)三間(jian),四(si)(si)(si)面(mian)置格(ge)扇門,門左(zuo)右置楹窗,斗(dou)拱(gong)(gong)為(wei)雙(shuang)翹無昂,共五(wu)踩(cai),卷剎弧線。上(shang)(shang)層屋檐(yan)及檐(yan)柱(zhu)向(xiang)內緊收,面(mian)闊仍同下(xia)層。最上(shang)(shang)層為(wei)屋頂,上(shang)(shang)置寶頂。樓(lou)臺(tai)以夯土(tu)板筑,四(si)(si)(si)周包磚,兩道拱(gong)(gong)門縱橫(heng)其中(zhong),通達四(si)(si)(si)街(jie)。樓(lou)體(ti)四(si)(si)(si)面(mian)各(ge)懸巨匾三塊,匾文為(wei)“麗日(ri)摩云”,“民(min)淳(chun)俗美”,“金(jin)闕迎恩”,(東(dong)上(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)、下(xia));“文運天開(kai)”,“魁壁聯輝(hui)”,“云錦天香”(南(nan)上(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)、下(xia));“中(zhong)天一柱(zhu)”,“懷柔西(xi)域”,“玉關通道”(西(xi)上(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)、下(xia));“聲聞四(si)(si)(si)達”,“保障金(jin)川(chuan)”,“威宣沙(sha)漠”,(北上(shang)(shang)、中(zhong)、下(xia))。臺(tai)基(ji)拱(gong)(gong)門上(shang)(shang)鐫(juan)有:東(dong)“大觀”,南(nan)“迎熏(xun)”,西(xi)“寧遠”,北“鎮朔”。一層樓(lou)臺(tai)上(shang)(shang)置大鐵鐘一口(kou),內置大鼓一面(mian)。整個建筑結構謹嚴,造藝精(jing)湛,高聳挺(ting)拔,雄偉壯觀。2006年被國務院公布為(wei)第六批國保單位(wei)。
鐘(zhong)鼓樓曾多(duo)次(ci)維(wei)修。清順治時參(can)將(jiang)鄭續善補(bu)修。1767年(nian)(乾(qian)隆三(san)十二年(nian))知縣白鐘(zhong)麟動員鄉里大事(shi)修繕(shan)。此(ci)后經歷了多(duo)次(ci)地震。1927年(nian)(民國十六(liu)年(nian))大地震后,樓體(ti)傾斜(xie)下陷,部分構(gou)件斷裂脫卯,樓頂層層滲漏(lou),有(you)倒塌危(wei)險。中華人(ren)民共(gong)和國成(cheng)立后,曾經幾次(ci)維(wei)修,1981年(nian)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府公(gong)布為省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護單位。
1984年(nian)(nian),中共永昌縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)報(bao)經省、市人民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)批準,對(dui)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)進行(xing)了(le)(le)落架重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu),1984年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)24日(ri)動工,1986年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)底竣工,7月(yue)28日(ri)由(you)省、市文化部們參(can)加剪彩(cai)驗收。維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)堅持修(xiu)(xiu)舊(jiu)如舊(jiu),保持原樣。通天柱選(xuan)用優質紅松(song),椽材精選(xuan)祁連云(yun)杉,飛頭斗拱多取原件。用南(nan)山石制礎,以(yi)鋼筋混凝土固基(ji)。由(you)北京琉璃(li)(li)制品廠(chang)重(zhong)(zhong)造(zao)琉璃(li)(li)瓦獸八卦(gua)式寶頂(ding)。請國內各地知(zhi)名(ming)書法家依(yi)原文重(zhong)(zhong)書匾(bian)額。由(you)咸(xian)陽古建筑維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)隊彩(cai)繪(hui)。由(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)離合器(qi)廠(chang)新(xin)(xin)鑄高1.35米(mi)(mi)(mi),口徑1.1米(mi)(mi)(mi),重(zhong)(zhong)1噸鐵鐘(zhong)。由(you)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)木(mu)器(qi)社等(deng)單位新(xin)(xin)制面直徑1.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)大鼓(gu)一(yi)面。對(dui)損壞的風鈴等(deng)原件,均恢復原樣。這次(ci)維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu),共用經費(fei)53萬元(yuan)。其(qi)中群眾集(ji)資1萬元(yuan)。總(zong)用工2.6萬個。1994年(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)撥款(kuan)5萬元(yuan),對(dui)永昌鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)層木(mu)件重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)(xin)油漆彩(cai)繪(hui); 2000年(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)撥款(kuan)對(dui)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)地面進行(xing)了(le)(le)防滲水技術處理;2002年(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)撥款(kuan)對(dui)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)四面門(men)洞加固了(le)(le)不(bu)銹鋼金屬(shu)圍欄,有(you)效地保護(hu)了(le)(le)鐘(zhong)鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)的外(wai)圍安全(quan)。
永昌縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地處(chu)河西(xi)走廊東部,是(shi)(shi)(shi)漢(han)、唐(tang)中(zhong)(zhong)外交(jiao)通(tong)要道(dao) “絲綢(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)路”上的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。從(cong)(cong)(cong)歷史上看(kan),永昌是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個多民(min)族(zu)(zu)聚居的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,反映在(zai)(zai)(zai)鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)蒙漢(han)黨項(xiang)等多民(min)族(zu)(zu)文化交(jiao)融(rong)一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)風格(ge)(ge)。其(qi)一(yi)(yi),從(cong)(cong)(cong)藝術造(zao)型上看(kan),形(xing)體是(shi)(shi)(shi)由屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding),木構架,臺基三(san)大(da)要素所構成,沿襲了(le)漢(han)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)做(zuo)法,是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要特征之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi);其(qi)二從(cong)(cong)(cong)平面布局(ju)看(kan),鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓設在(zai)(zai)(zai)全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)(zhong),掌(zhang)管全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)作息和夜禁(jin)時(shi)刻,是(shi)(shi)(shi)元朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)制度,也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蒙古(gu)族(zu)(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)布局(ju)手(shou)法,它(ta)置鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓于一(yi)(yi)樓,與(yu)宋金(jin)明(ming)清時(shi)期“鼓樓在(zai)(zai)(zai)東,鐘(zhong)(zhong)樓在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)制不(bu)同;三(san)、從(cong)(cong)(cong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)上看(kan),盝(lu)頂(ding)(ding)式(shi)屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)元代常(chang)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),明(ming)初,元朝宮(gong)(gong)殿多被拆(chai)除,唯獨永昌鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓上有(you)(you)(you)蒙古(gu)族(zu)(zu)風格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)頂(ding)(ding),這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國(guo)風的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)尚(shang)無先例。永昌鐘(zhong)(zhong)鼓樓還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個特點,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)盝(lu)頂(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)上加了(le)一(yi)(yi)個八卦寶(bao)頂(ding)(ding),突出(chu)了(le)民(min)間(jian)(jian)盛行的(de)(de)(de)(de)五行之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo);其(qi)四,圍欄共分三(san)格(ge)(ge),扶手(shou)下一(yi)(yi)空格(ge)(ge),中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)墊墩,中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)小格(ge)(ge),用木版裝(zhuang)(zhuang)實,刻有(you)(you)(you)卷草花紋圖案,下一(yi)(yi)大(da)格(ge)(ge),用木版裝(zhuang)(zhuang)實刻有(you)(you)(you)降幕云圖案,系(xi)西(xi)夏宮(gong)(gong)廷建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)(ge)。另外,三(san)層樓室內(nei)五片直彩(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)到第二片直彩(cai)間(jian)(jian),置一(yi)(yi)小斗,系(xi)宋代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)(ge)。其(qi)五,從(cong)(cong)(cong)油(you)漆彩(cai)畫(hua)(hua)看(kan),柱、門、窗(chuang)為(wei)深朱紅色(se),斗拱(gong)青綠(lv)間(jian)(jian)色(se),即蘭(lan)升(sheng)斗間(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)綠(lv)昂(ang)拱(gong),綠(lv)升(sheng)斗間(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)蘭(lan)昂(ang)拱(gong),分別以(yi)(yi)三(san)青三(san)綠(lv)及綠(lv)華退暈,墨(mo)線壓邊(bian)。斗拱(gong)板面涂(tu)紅底,畫(hua)(hua)蘭(lan)綠(lv)火焰(yan)三(san)寶(bao)珠,均為(wei)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)代州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)彩(cai)風格(ge)(ge)——旋子彩(cai)畫(hua)(hua)。