肖金塔為(wei)全國重點文物保護單位。
金城寺磚(zhuan)塔在慶陽市西峰區(qu)肖金鎮中,北距(ju)西峰鎮二十(shi)公里。塔始建(jian)于北宋政(zheng)和八年(1118)。肖金鎮原有金城寺,磚(zhuan)塔建(jian)于寺中,寺院早(zao)毀只留此塔。省級文物保護(hu)單位。
肖金磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)八(ba)角(jiao)七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣式,現存(cun)六(liu)(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)點二(er)六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)。與(yu)環縣、湘樂古塔(ta)(ta)似。第一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)身很高(gao),無(wu)臺(tai)基和(he)(he)基座,塔(ta)(ta)開正(zheng)東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men),為晚期修補,單磚(zhuan)(zhuan)券頂(ding),高(gao)一(yi)點九(jiu)(jiu)、寬(kuan)零點六(liu)(liu)六(liu)(liu),進深一(yi)點四六(liu)(liu)米(mi)(mi)。高(gao)四點二(er)米(mi)(mi)處始安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong),每面三朵(duo),共二(er)十(shi)四個,另外(wai)角(jiao)斗(dou)(dou)共八(ba)個。整個子(zi)(zi)(zi)身科為仿木(mu)結構,一(yi)斗(dou)(dou)三升(sheng)。其拱(gong)(gong)高(gao)出墻面一(yi)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。槽升(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)高(gao)出墻面。翹用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)對(dui)立,翹下(xia)弧(hu)為半徑(jing)作圓。三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而成(cheng),上(shang)壓耍(shua)頭(tou)樣子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)(he)翹。耍(shua)頭(tou)三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)上(shang)托替木(mu)式,斗(dou)(dou)升(sheng)全(quan)無(wu)斗(dou)(dou)耳。替木(mu)上(shang)砌平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩(liang)條(tiao)線挑(tiao)尖狀花(hua)(hua)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕刻(ke)蓮花(hua)(hua)瓣磚(zhuan)(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又砌平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)、狗牙子(zi)(zi)(zi)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)飛頭(tou)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽(chuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而成(cheng)。檐瓦也(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而成(cheng)。出檐長九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。檐頂(ding)疊澀磚(zhuan)(zhuan)收七層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻身平(ping)(ping)砌四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan)(zhuan),以上(shang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)三朵(duo),耍(shua)頭(tou)三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)上(shang)托下(xia)沿,即欄(lan)桿(gan)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐上(shang)均施平(ping)(ping)座欄(lan)桿(gan),欄(lan)桿(gan)磨(mo)棱,欄(lan)版雕刻(ke)令(ling)字圖(tu)案(an)。平(ping)(ping)座下(xia)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)于檐下(xia)同(tong)。以上(shang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐漸縮小(xiao),造型相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)。塔(ta)(ta)身各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各(ge)(ge)(ge)面有真(zhen)假(jia)(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men),真(zhen)門(men)(men)(men)(men)卷(juan)頂(ding),門(men)(men)(men)(men)洞內(nei)壁用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)混合(he)平(ping)(ping)砌而成(cheng)。假(jia)(jia)刻(ke)版門(men)(men)(men)(men)有門(men)(men)(men)(men)扇、門(men)(men)(men)(men)眉(mei)、鋪首、門(men)(men)(men)(men)框,立體感極強。仿木(mu)直欞窗刻(ke)六(liu)(liu)角(jiao)欞花(hua)(hua)格子(zi)(zi)(zi),雕工(gong)精(jing)細(xi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)窗布局(ju)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)交錯,各(ge)(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)都有。塔(ta)(ta)室內(nei)呈八(ba)角(jiao)形每面寬(kuan)零點九(jiu)(jiu)四米(mi)(mi)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)板已毀,僅留殘孔。建筑材料全(quan)部(bu)(bu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)(he)細(xi)黃土泥砌筑而成(cheng)。所用(yong)(yong)(yong)青磚(zhuan)(zhuan)規(gui)格不一(yi),有長條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)和(he)(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)塊(kuai)(kuai)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)。主要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾部(bu)(bu)件如斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)(gong)、翹、假(jia)(jia)椽(chuan)、檐瓦及(ji)花(hua)(hua)紋圖(tu)案(an)皆用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)、條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)鋸磨(mo)而成(cheng),圖(tu)形規(gui)范(fan),刻(ke)磨(mo)工(gong)藝精(jing)細(xi)。水平(ping)(ping)砌縫(feng)和(he)(he)豎縫(feng)極小(xiao)。各(ge)(ge)(ge)角(jiao)柱用(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)塊(kuai)(kuai)條(tiao)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)磨(mo)邊對(dui)成(cheng)絲縫(feng),工(gong)藝精(jing)巧令(ling)人嘆服。假(jia)(jia)門(men)(men)(men)(men)假(jia)(jia)窗精(jing)雕細(xi)刻(ke)仿真(zhen)無(wu)二(er)。磚(zhuan)(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)梁角(jiao)以細(xi)白砂石料雕刻(ke)飛天、龍(long)頭(tou),下(xia)鑿孔,設鐵吊環懸(xuan)掛風鈴而用(yong)(yong)(yong),現僅留五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以上(shang)。其墻面平(ping)(ping)砌并縫(feng)部(bu)(bu)位大多不求咬(yao)槎錯縫(feng)。
磚塔(ta)塔(ta)身傾斜原貌殘缺(que),塔(ta)體上銘刻題記中(zhong)三(san)方有紀年。
磚塔第二(er)層正(zheng)面構欄(lan)底部磚刻記載(zai):“政和八年閏九月初三(san),本(ben)鎮十姊(zi)妹(mei)舍(she)到(dao)塔上磚壹窯,計(ji)兩仟三(san)百口,具舍(she)磚人數下項(xiang)……”。
“本(ben)鎮坊廊人(ren)戶高(gao)遇謹(jin)施(shi)磚兩(liang)仟三百口,伏傷前(qian)生(sheng)今世積劫,莫(mo)大之罪清除,福降隨身,宣和二年七月(1120)高(gao)遇謹(jin)施(shi)。”
“彭陽縣(xian)崇(chong)信鄉野村(cun)社人郭吉(ji),施磚(zhuan)一仟口,祈保人口亨(heng)通,老幼安(an)寧(ning)。宣(xuan)和(he)二年(nian)七月(yue)廿(nian)日(ri),施掌郭吉(ji)。”
據此(ci)證(zheng)實,肖金(jin)磚塔建于(yu)北宋徽(hui)宗年間,工期兩年之久無疑(yi)。二千零八(ba)年汶川大地(di)震中肖金(jin)磚塔受損。