肖金塔為全國重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。
金(jin)城寺磚塔(ta)在慶陽市西峰(feng)區肖(xiao)金(jin)鎮中(zhong)(zhong),北距西峰(feng)鎮二十(shi)公里。塔(ta)始建(jian)于(yu)北宋(song)政和八年(nian)(1118)。肖(xiao)金(jin)鎮原(yuan)有金(jin)城寺,磚塔(ta)建(jian)于(yu)寺中(zhong)(zhong),寺院早毀只留此(ci)塔(ta)。省(sheng)級文物(wu)保護單位。
肖(xiao)金磚(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)八角(jiao)(jiao)七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)閣式,現存六(liu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),高(gao)二(er)十(shi)一(yi)點(dian)二(er)六(liu)米(mi)。與環(huan)縣、湘樂古塔(ta)(ta)似(si)。第(di)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)身很高(gao),無臺基(ji)(ji)和(he)基(ji)(ji)座,塔(ta)(ta)開正東門(men),為(wei)(wei)晚期修補,單(dan)磚(zhuan)券頂,高(gao)一(yi)點(dian)九、寬零點(dian)六(liu)六(liu),進深一(yi)點(dian)四(si)六(liu)米(mi)。高(gao)四(si)點(dian)二(er)米(mi)處始安裝斗(dou)拱,每(mei)面(mian)三朵,共(gong)二(er)十(shi)四(si)個,另外角(jiao)(jiao)斗(dou)共(gong)八個。整個子身科(ke)為(wei)(wei)仿木(mu)(mu)結構,一(yi)斗(dou)三升(sheng)(sheng)。其拱高(gao)出(chu)(chu)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)一(yi)厘(li)米(mi)。槽升(sheng)(sheng)子高(gao)出(chu)(chu)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)。翹用(yong)兩(liang)塊長(chang)條磚(zhuan)對立,翹下(xia)(xia)弧為(wei)(wei)半徑作(zuo)圓。三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)長(chang)條磚(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),上(shang)(shang)壓(ya)耍頭(tou)樣子和(he)翹。耍頭(tou)三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托替(ti)木(mu)(mu)式,斗(dou)升(sheng)(sheng)全(quan)無斗(dou)耳。替(ti)木(mu)(mu)上(shang)(shang)砌(qi)平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),兩(liang)條線挑尖狀花磚(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)蓮花瓣磚(zhuan)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),又(you)砌(qi)平(ping)(ping)磚(zhuan)、狗牙子磚(zhuan)各一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。假(jia)(jia)椽飛(fei)頭(tou)各一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),椽用(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。檐(yan)(yan)瓦也用(yong)方(fang)(fang)磚(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。出(chu)(chu)檐(yan)(yan)長(chang)九十(shi)厘(li)米(mi)。檐(yan)(yan)頂疊(die)澀磚(zhuan)收七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)墻(qiang)(qiang)身平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)磚(zhuan),以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)裝斗(dou)拱三朵,耍頭(tou)三才(cai)(cai)升(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)托下(xia)(xia)沿,即欄桿(gan)(gan)下(xia)(xia)部。各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)檐(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)均施(shi)平(ping)(ping)座欄桿(gan)(gan),欄桿(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)棱,欄版雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)令(ling)字圖(tu)案。平(ping)(ping)座下(xia)(xia)斗(dou)拱于檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)(xia)同。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)逐(zhu)漸縮小,造型(xing)相(xiang)同。塔(ta)(ta)身各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)各面(mian)有真假(jia)(jia)門(men),真門(men)卷頂,門(men)洞內壁用(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條磚(zhuan)混合平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。假(jia)(jia)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)版門(men)有門(men)扇(shan)、門(men)眉、鋪(pu)首、門(men)框,立體感極強。仿木(mu)(mu)直欞窗(chuang)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)六(liu)角(jiao)(jiao)欞花格子,雕(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)精細(xi)(xi)。門(men)窗(chuang)布局相(xiang)互交錯,各方(fang)(fang)都有。塔(ta)(ta)室內呈八角(jiao)(jiao)形每(mei)面(mian)寬零點(dian)九四(si)米(mi)。各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)板(ban)已毀,僅留殘孔。建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)全(quan)部采用(yong)青磚(zhuan)和(he)細(xi)(xi)黃土泥砌(qi)筑(zhu)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。所用(yong)青磚(zhuan)規(gui)格不一(yi),有長(chang)條磚(zhuan)和(he)方(fang)(fang)塊磚(zhuan)。主要裝飾部件如斗(dou)拱、翹、假(jia)(jia)椽、檐(yan)(yan)瓦及(ji)花紋圖(tu)案皆用(yong)方(fang)(fang)、條磚(zhuan)鋸(ju)(ju)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),圖(tu)形規(gui)范,刻(ke)(ke)(ke)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)精細(xi)(xi)。水(shui)平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)縫(feng)(feng)和(he)豎縫(feng)(feng)極小。各角(jiao)(jiao)柱用(yong)兩(liang)塊條磚(zhuan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)邊對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)絲縫(feng)(feng),工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)精巧令(ling)人嘆服。假(jia)(jia)門(men)假(jia)(jia)窗(chuang)精雕(diao)(diao)細(xi)(xi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)仿真無二(er)。磚(zhuan)塔(ta)(ta)梁角(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)細(xi)(xi)白(bai)砂石料(liao)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)飛(fei)天、龍(long)頭(tou),下(xia)(xia)鑿孔,設鐵(tie)吊環(huan)懸掛風鈴(ling)而用(yong),現僅留五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。其墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)平(ping)(ping)砌(qi)并縫(feng)(feng)部位大多不求咬槎(cha)錯縫(feng)(feng)。
磚塔塔身傾(qing)斜原貌殘缺,塔體上(shang)銘刻題記中(zhong)三方有紀(ji)年。
磚(zhuan)塔第二(er)層正面(mian)構欄底(di)部磚(zhuan)刻記(ji)載:“政和八年(nian)閏九月初三,本鎮(zhen)十(shi)姊妹(mei)舍(she)到塔上磚(zhuan)壹窯,計兩仟三百口,具舍(she)磚(zhuan)人數下項……”。
“本鎮坊(fang)廊人戶(hu)高遇謹施磚兩仟三百口,伏傷前生今世積劫,莫大之罪清除,福降隨身,宣和二(er)年七月(yue)(1120)高遇謹施。”
“彭(peng)陽(yang)縣崇信鄉(xiang)野村社人(ren)(ren)郭吉,施(shi)磚一仟(qian)口(kou),祈(qi)保(bao)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)亨(heng)通,老幼安(an)寧。宣和二年七月廿(nian)日,施(shi)掌郭吉。”
據此證(zheng)實,肖金磚塔(ta)建于(yu)北宋(song)徽宗年(nian)間,工期兩(liang)年(nian)之久無疑。二千(qian)零八年(nian)汶川(chuan)大地震(zhen)中肖金磚塔(ta)受損。