芒果视频下载

福(fu)泉(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)墻在貴州省(sheng)福(fu)泉(quan)市城(cheng)(cheng)廂鎮。原為(wei)平(ping)(ping)越衛(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)，元代曾在此設平(ping)(ping)月長(chang)官司。明洪武十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)（1381年(nian)）置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)越千戶所，十(shi)五年(nian)（1382年(nian)）改置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)越衛(wei)。據（光緒）《平(ping)(ping)越直隸州志(zhi)》卷(juan)九及卷(juan)三十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)記載(zai)，洪武二(er)十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)（1391年(nian)）指揮(hui)李福(fu)“創建土城(cheng)(cheng)”，“三十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)改甃(zhou)以(yi)石(shi)，周一(yi)千四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)丈(zhang)，高二(er)丈(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)，廣一(yi)丈(zhang)五尺(chi)(chi)，門四(si)(si)(si)、月城(cheng)(cheng)三、城(cheng)(cheng)樓四(si)(si)(si)、警鋪四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)五。”因(yin)城(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)無水，至正統末(mo)年(nian)，苗族農民起義軍圍(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)，人馬渴死。

概述

“成化間，指揮(hui)張能建水(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)西隅(yu)，另開一(yi)門(men)曰(yue)小西門(men)。”萬歷(li)二(er)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1601年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）置平越軍民府(fu)(fu)，府(fu)(fu)衛同城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。萬歷(li)三(san)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1603年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)楊可陶、指揮(hui)奚國(guo)柱于(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外增建外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“五十五丈，使水(shui)經(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內，汲者便之(zhi)。”“崇禎十五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1642年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)陳紹英于(yu)(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)隅(yu)建臺，上有樓，名雄鎮，復(fu)周城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)造望樓十二(er)。”清順治十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1661年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）守道(dao)徐宏業(ye)、知(zhi)府(fu)(fu)喻(yu)全昱先(xian)后(hou)增修(xiu)。咸豐、同治間，為(wei)苗族起義軍攻破，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣“頗(po)有殘毀”。同治十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1872年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）州(zhou)牧(mu)王繼先(xian)請款(kuan)營修(xiu)。后(hou)東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及小西門(men)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻多處坍塌，至光(guang)緒(xu)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，州(zhou)牧(mu)鄧在(zai)鏞等先(xian)后(hou)補(bu)修(xiu)。光(guang)緒(xu)二(er)十六、二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1900～1901年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)），州(zhou)牧(mu)瞿鴻錫又先(xian)后(hou)重修(xiu)北(bei)門(men)及東門(men)兩城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓，“于(yu)(yu)(yu)是崇閎雄麗，稱此金湯，論(lun)貴東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郭(guo)，固不(bu)能不(bu)以平越為(wei)冠也。”

內容

1967年(nian)前(qian)后，古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣被拆毀，現僅存外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及小西(xi)門(men)旁的(de)(de)一段(duan)殘垣。五座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)除(chu)西(xi)門(men)已傾圮外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)，其余(yu)四門(men)的(de)(de)劵洞尚存，但城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)已毀。小西(xi)門(men)水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)三(san)道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻構成一座甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蜿蜒于山腰，水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑于山麓(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)河(he)畔；外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)橫臥沙(sha)河(he)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，用兩層石(shi)拱(gong)橋(qiao)相(xiang)連接，圍(wei)河(he)水(shui)(shui)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)，又稱橋(qiao)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。橋(qiao)下(xia)皆設鐵欄閘門(men)，切斷(duan)水(shui)(shui)上(shang)通道，以防(fang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)部由水(shui)(shui)道襲城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，這(zhe)是該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最大(da)的(de)(de)特點。而(er)(er)水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)兩側皆依坡而(er)(er)筑，巍然聳立，并有上(shang)百級石(shi)階可登(deng)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭，使內(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)三(san)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相(xiang)連，上(shang)下(xia)貫(guan)通，氣勢(shi)雄偉。該(gai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是古(gu)代軍(jun)事戰爭防(fang)御與進攻的(de)(de)產物，是智慧的(de)(de)結晶，具(ju)有很高的(de)(de)歷史(shi)、藝術和科(ke)研價(jia)值。

歷史

明(ming)代是貴州(zhou)(zhou)開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)重要(yao)時(shi)期(qi)，興起(qi)了數(shu)(shu)千(qian)座衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和府、州(zhou)(zhou)、縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，還(huan)建(jian)(jian)起(qi)數(shu)(shu)以千(qian)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屯堡(bao)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)聳立在(zai)(zai)萬山叢中，巍然(ran)(ran)峨然(ran)(ran)。由(you)于軍事防(fang)御的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)多(duo)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)勢險要(yao)、易守(shou)難攻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)，或負山面(mian)水，或夾河而建(jian)(jian)，講究山川(chuan)形(xing)勝。貴州(zhou)(zhou)喀斯(si)特地(di)(di)貌發育，石(shi)(shi)料極(ji)其(qi)豐富，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣大(da)都用石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)構筑，與平原、丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、磚筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)不相同(tong)，有鮮明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域(yu)特征。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣是一(yi)個(ge)龐(pang)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑群，包括高大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻體、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓、串樓、垛口、窩(wo)鋪(pu)，還(huan)有月城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河、水關等。在(zai)(zai)群山中修建(jian)(jian)眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，需(xu)要(yao)開山鑿(zao)石(shi)(shi)，比其(qi)他地(di)(di)方(fang)要(yao)艱(jian)難得多(duo)。倘若(ruo)把貴州(zhou)(zhou)大(da)大(da)小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石(shi)(shi)頭(tou)堡(bao)連接起(qi)來，工程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)艱(jian)巨(ju)，恐(kong)怕不亞于萬里長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。隨著時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)移，在(zai)(zai)現代化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浪潮(chao)中，古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、古堡(bao)大(da)都消失，僥幸保(bao)存下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻已是寥若(ruo)星(xing)辰。而在(zai)(zai)被(bei)譽為“磷都”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)福泉市，至(zhi)今還(huan)保(bao)留著一(yi)段別具一(yi)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)確難能(neng)可貴。

福(fu)泉(quan)，古(gu)稱平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)。這里原是(shi)少數民(min)族聚居區，屬于播(bo)州宣慰司(si)管轄。洪(hong)武(wu)十(shi)五(wu)年（1382年），在(zai)(zai)此設(she)平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)，把衛(wei)所(suo)插入土司(si)地區。萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)九(jiu)年（1611年）廢除播(bo)州楊氏(shi)土司(si)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)地分(fen)設(she)遵義、平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)二軍民(min)府(fu)(fu)，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)府(fu)(fu)與平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)同(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)戰略地位重(zhong)要(yao)，控(kong)扼湘廣通往貴州、云南的(de)大(da)驛道，將黔(qian)東(dong)八(ba)府(fu)(fu)與省會(hui)及貴州宣慰司(si)連接起來，又可溝(gou)通川、黔(qian)兩省，故設(she)衛(wei)后便建城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池。平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坐落在(zai)(zai)群(qun)山環抱(bao)之(zhi)中，“馬鬃嶺扼其(qi)(qi)喉襟，羊腸河設(she)其(qi)(qi)險阻(zu)”，實(shi)為(wei)沖(chong)要(yao)之(zhi)地。初建時為(wei)土城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，洪(hong)武(wu)三(san)(san)十(shi)四年（1401年）改筑石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周長一(yi)千四百(bai)丈(zhang)(zhang)，折合4666米，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)高一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)二尺，寬(kuan)一(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)尺，呈(cheng)正(zheng)方(fang)形，有東(dong)、南、西(xi)(xi)、北(bei)四門(men)，上(shang)有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓4座，串樓1540間(jian)，垛口(kou)840個(ge)。因城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內無(wu)水(shui)(shui)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)被圍時，人(ren)馬常被渴(ke)死。成化年間(jian)，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)衛(wei)指揮(hui)張能認(ren)為(wei)無(wu)水(shui)(shui)不利于防守，便在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)增設(she)小(xiao)西(xi)(xi)門(men)，將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)延伸至(zhi)河邊，筑堰引水(shui)(shui)入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。萬歷三(san)(san)十(shi)一(yi)年（1603年），總(zong)兵安大(da)朝、指揮(hui)奚國柱(zhu)、知府(fu)(fu)楊右陶等計議，在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)外增筑一(yi)段(duan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，將河段(duan)包入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，形成內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，水(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)格局(ju)。在(zai)(zai)此，平(ping)(ping)越(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“崇閎(hong)雄麗，固若金湯，為(wei)貴東(dong)之(zhi)首”。

平越古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，在(zai)(zai)上(shang)世紀60年(nian)代(dai)大都拆毀，只剩下(xia)幾座券(quan)孔(kong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門和(he)一些(xie)斷(duan)(duan)垣殘壁，訴(su)說(shuo)歷史的滄(cang)桑。唯有(you)(you)小西(xi)門外，內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至今猶(you)存(cun)。站在(zai)(zai)高山(shan)之巔俯瞰，內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)聳(song)立在(zai)(zai)山(shan)間(jian)(jian)平地，水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)筑于山(shan)麓河(he)畔，而(er)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則跨(kua)過河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、田野，里(li)外三層構(gou)成一座甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)依(yi)山(shan)而(er)筑，蜿蜒山(shan)間(jian)(jian)，氣勢(shi)雄(xiong)偉，有(you)(you)百級(ji)石階可登(deng)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)。這(zhe)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣最(zui)大的特點(dian)，就是將河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的一段(duan)包入城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中，居(ju)民可到水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)汲(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。為(wei)防備發生(sheng)戰事時(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源被(bei)截斷(duan)(duan)，在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外修(xiu)建(jian)了一道長五十五丈的外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)處跨(kua)過河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，墻(qiang)(qiang)建(jian)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)座三孔(kong)石橋(qiao)之上(shang)，故被(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)“橋(qiao)上(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。為(wei)了讓水(shui)(shui)(shui)能夠(gou)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動，又(you)便(bian)于防守(shou)，便(bian)在(zai)(zai)橋(qiao)下(xia)設有(you)(you)鐵柵閘門，實為(wei)兩(liang)座水(shui)(shui)(shui)關。出小西(xi)門，有(you)(you)道路通往水(shui)(shui)(shui)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，因道路要(yao)穿過河(he)道，在(zai)(zai)路下(xia)建(jian)有(you)(you)五個泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的橋(qiao)涵(han)，側邊(bian)建(jian)有(you)(you)吱啞作(zuo)(zuo)聲的水(shui)(shui)(shui)碾，頗有(you)(you)“小橋(qiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)人家”的風韻。這(zhe)種城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣結構(gou)，是古代(dai)軍事防御(yu)體(ti)系的杰作(zuo)(zuo)，凝結著中國(guo)古代(dai)科(ke)技與建(jian)筑藝術(shu)，在(zai)(zai)國(guo)內其(qi)他地方不(bu)曾(ceng)見過，其(qi)別具一格，令古建(jian)筑專家嘆(tan)為(wei)觀止。2001年(nian)經國(guo)務院批準，福泉古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)被(bei)列(lie)為(wei)全國(guo)重點(dian)文物保護單位。

福泉古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)為貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)首創(chuang)，顯(xian)示出貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)人民的(de)(de)(de)智慧與創(chuang)造精(jing)神。來到這里，可(ke)以(yi)感受到城(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)大(da)變(bian)(bian)遷，平越(yue)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)由軍(jun)事據點演(yan)變(bian)(bian)為地(di)方(fang)(fang)行政中(zhong)心(xin)，如(ru)(ru)今(jin)變(bian)(bian)成了(le)一個(ge)以(yi)磷化工為主的(de)(de)(de)工業(ye)城(cheng)(cheng)市。在福泉城(cheng)(cheng)內，有(you)(you)(you)一座稱為“大(da)夫第”的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑，它(ta)是(shi)一個(ge)古(gu)(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)四合院，占(zhan)地(di)400平方(fang)(fang)米(mi)，現(xian)辟為貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)博物館。這里陳列(lie)著(zhu)兩百多幅照片，濃縮了(le)貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)自明以(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)堡(bao)、營(ying)(ying)盤(pan)(pan)、碉樓(lou)、戰壕(hao)、關(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)、烽火臺。貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)現(xian)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)還有(you)(you)(you)許多，如(ru)(ru)貴(gui)(gui)陽的(de)(de)(de)東門城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和(he)武勝門，明代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)真安州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)、赤(chi)水古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)、鎮寧州(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)，鎮遠有(you)(you)(you)府城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)和(he)衛(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)，還有(you)(you)(you)畢節(jie)層臺衛(wei)、盤(pan)(pan)縣(xian)普安衛(wei)、晴隆安南(nan)衛(wei)等城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)。土司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)，最典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)遵義海(hai)龍屯(tun)和(he)大(da)方(fang)(fang)“九層衙(ya)門”遺址，此外(wai)有(you)(you)(you)黃平巖(yan)門司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)和(he)德(de)江水特姜(jiang)司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)。營(ying)(ying)盤(pan)(pan)以(yi)松桃存(cun)留最多，清代(dai)在此設有(you)(you)(you)48個(ge)營(ying)(ying)汛，構筑營(ying)(ying)盤(pan)(pan)、屯(tun)堡(bao)、炮樓(lou)、碉卡逾千座，形成了(le)一條條斷斷續(xu)續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)“邊(bian)墻(qiang)”，現(xian)存(cun)480公里，規模較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)堡(bao)有(you)(you)(you)正大(da)營(ying)(ying)和(he)盤(pan)(pan)石營(ying)(ying)。關(guan)(guan)(guan)隘(ai)頗多，著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)如(ru)(ru)黔北的(de)(de)(de)婁山關(guan)(guan)(guan)，黔中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)圖云(yun)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、雅(ya)關(guan)(guan)(guan)，晴隆的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)馬關(guan)(guan)(guan)等。由此可(ke)窺貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)明清時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)風貌，反映貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)六百年的(de)(de)(de)滄(cang)桑。