基本信息
石(shi)牌坊(fang)記載著小鎮的(de)悠(you)悠(you)往(wang)事(shi),更以其美觀(guan)的(de)造型、精細的(de)雕琢、巧妙的(de)結構聲名遠揚。
魯(lu)屯(tun)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)坊原(yuan)有(you)四(si)座,現存(cun)其三,均(jun)為(wei)(wei)四(si)柱(zhu)三間(jian)(jian)五樓(lou)式結構。位于(yu)魯(lu)屯(tun)街中(zhong)岔路(lu)口的(de)(de)黃氏坊為(wei)(wei)精致(zhi)絕(jue)妙(miao)。此坊建(jian)于(yu)清道光年(nian)間(jian)(jian),高(gao)、寬(kuan)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)7米(mi)(mi),鉚(liu)榫結構,牢而堅(jian)固(gu)。坊底(di)為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)須彌座,四(si)柱(zhu)立于(yu)須彌座上(shang)(shang)。8根八棱方(fang)柱(zhu),均(jun)用完整的(de)(de)石料加工(gong)而成。四(si)柱(zhu)各(ge)面(mian)均(jun)陰(yin)刻有(you)楹聯(lian),文字對(dui)(dui)仗(zhang)工(gong)整,書體楷隸兼有(you),刻藝細(xi)致(zhi)洗練,尤以明間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)柱(zhu)楷書題聯(lian),堪稱對(dui)(dui)聯(lian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)佳作,上(shang)(shang)聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):"白馬(ma)山高(gao)尉為(wei)(wei)竹箭(jian)松心(xin)節錯根盤(pan)光日月(yue)";下聯(lian)為(wei)(wei):"青塘(tang)水(shui)凈濯(zhuo)出冰肌(ji)玉骨懷芳履潔被恩蒙(meng)"。落(luo)款為(wei)(wei):"原(yuan)任廣(guang)西永安(an)知州(zhou)誥授(shou)奉直上(shang)(shang)大(da)夫愚表叔(shu)王秉心(xin)拜(bai)題"。四(si)柱(zhu)護(hu)耳均(jun)系伏(fu)獅(shi)抱鼓(gu)式,耳高(gao)1.42米(mi)(mi),鼓(gu)厚0.22米(mi)(mi),鼓(gu)面(mian)徑0.65米(mi)(mi),分(fen)(fen)別浮雕荷花(hua)、鐘鹿(lu)(lu)、松虎(hu)、鹿(lu)(lu)鶴(he)等(deng)圖案18幅,構圖新穎,想象豐(feng)富,造型生動栩栩如(ru)生。獅(shi)子系伏(fu)臥狀,昂首(shou)(shou)翹(qiao)(qiao)尾。護(hu)耳,蹬石,浮雕四(si)季花(hua)草(cao),如(ru)見草(cao)動,如(ru)聞花(hua)香。正樓(lou)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)匾長2.5米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)楷書陰(yin)刻:"志同冰質"字,每字30公分(fen)(fen)見方(fang)。刻藝精湛,鋒勁(jing)秀雅。次樓(lou)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)匾左刻"金(jin)鸞芳美(mei)",右刻"彤管(guan)流(liu)芳",陰(yin)刻楷書,工(gong)整建(jian)秀,刻藝嫻熟(shu)。明間(jian)(jian)橫(heng)梁上(shang)(shang)透(tou)(tou)雕二龍戲珠(zhu),兩龍似在翻(fan)卷的(de)(de)彩云中(zhong)騰(teng)躍穿梭。正樓(lou)平(ping)板坊上(shang)(shang)立有(you)兩根高(gao)拱(gong)柱(zhu),當(dang)中(zhong)豎匾刻"圣旨"2字,牌(pai)(pai)(pai)帶為(wei)(wei)半(ban)透(tou)(tou)雕雙龍抱柱(zhu),牌(pai)(pai)(pai)首(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)半(ban)透(tou)(tou)雕"獸面(mian)人(ren)首(shou)(shou)"圖,形似蝙(bian)蝠(fu)伏(fu)臥,雙手撐蓮。構思(si)之巧(qiao),使(shi)人(ren)拍案叫絕(jue)。次樓(lou)平(ping)板坊上(shang)(shang)亦(yi)立有(you)高(gao)拱(gong)柱(zhu),此柱(zhu)與中(zhong)柱(zhu)間(jian)(jian),嵌(qian)有(you)透(tou)(tou)雕"金(jin)蟾吐(tu)絲(si)"形花(hua)窗。坊頂(ding)翼角(jiao)起翹(qiao)(qiao)、鴟吻含寶(bao),形似立尾鰲魚含珠(zhu),使(shi)整座牌(pai)(pai)(pai)坊和諧統一(yi),雄(xiong)渾敦厚。正脊中(zhong)寶(bao)瓶上(shang)(shang)雕有(you)壽字型花(hua)飾,說明此坊系百歲坊一(yi)類(lei)。整座牌(pai)(pai)(pai)坊的(de)(de)造型、結構、工(gong)藝、圖案之巧(qiao),充分(fen)(fen)體現了勞(lao)動人(ren)民的(de)(de)智慧和才能,實(shi)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)件精美(mei)的(de)(de)古建(jian)藝術珍品。
兩座李氏(shi)坊(fang),一前一后,緊緊相鄰,挺立在魯屯(tun)街口半月池側。規(gui)模、造型、格調與黃氏(shi)坊(fang)略同(tong),唯題刻內容有異(yi),前一座正頂透(tou)雕(diao)"萬"字形圖案,后一座正頂和(he)黃氏(shi)坊(fang)雕(diao)飾(shi)相仿;二樓檐下(xia)的花窗(chuang),一是(shi)透(tou)雕(diao)"二龍舞云",一是(shi)透(tou)雕(diao)"丹風朝陽"。另花板紋樣(yang)及局部裝飾(shi)也稍(shao)有差異(yi)。
建設年代
據(ju)民國《興(xing)(xing)義縣(xian)(xian)志》稿載:"武生(sheng)李汝之母呂氏(shi),善事舅(jiu)姑(gu)(gu)。清(qing)嘉慶(qing)二(er)年(nian)苗變(bian),舉家攻苗不克,舅(jiu)姑(gu)(gu)失所在。事靖還家,朝夕尋覓,痛不欲生(sheng)。夜夢人告(gao)知(zhi)(zhi)所在,時得二(er)親(qin)尸,舁以歸葬。道光十(shi)(shi)五,請(qing)旌建(jian)坊(fang)。呂氏(shi)守(shou)節70余年(nian),年(nian)百有二(er),子孫皆(jie)列繆(mou)癢。前興(xing)(xing)郡知(zhi)(zhi)府仇效(xiao)忠為(wei)題坊(fang)聯,李氏(shi)一坊(fang)當屬"貞節坊(fang)",李氏(shi)另一坊(fang)上有"壬午(wu)科舉人揀(jian)選(xuan)知(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)世愚(yu)侄高發(fa)奎(kui)頓拜"的楹聯落(luo)款。兩坊(fang)分別建(jian)于清(qing)道光二(er)年(nian)(公元(yuan)1822年(nian))和道光十(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(公元(yuan)1835年(nian))。