頂子城遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位于河北省平(ping)泉縣(xian)茅蘭溝鄉燒鍋營子村(cun)東山(shan)頂。遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三面環山(shan),是一(yi)處黃土(tu)城遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
1985年8月,考古人員(yuan)對頂子城遺(yi)址的(de)第二生活區進行了一次試掘。
1992年(nian),頂子城(cheng)遺址被河北省(sheng)人民政府批(pi)準(zhun)為省(sheng)級(ji)重點文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。
1993年7月,頂子城遺址被河北(bei)省人(ren)民政府公布為(wei)第三批省級重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。
2013年5月,頂子(zi)城遺址被國務院公布(bu)為(wei)第(di)七批全國重(zhong)點文物保(bao)護單位。
頂子(zi)城遺址區域呈不規則的圓(yuan)形(xing)。周長315米,總面(mian)積為(wei)1.5萬平方(fang)米,文化層厚度約2.5米。遺址中現存數(shu)重(zhong)用(yong)石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)壘砌的半圓(yuan)形(xing)矮(ai)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)一些平坦的圓(yuan)形(xing)、方(fang)形(xing)、長方(fang)形(xing)生活(huo)區。生活(huo)區周圍(wei)(wei)有石(shi)頭(tou)(tou)壘砌的矮(ai)墻(qiang)(qiang),高有2米,低0.4米。該遺址還有內圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)和(he)外圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)之分,間距為(wei)40米。圍(wei)(wei)墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)高3米,壘墻(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)的石(shi)料大小不等,均為(wei)當地青(qing)灰石(shi)質不規則石(shi)板和(he)石(shi)條,墻(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)寬(kuan)窄不均。遺址內屬黃砂(sha)土質,沒有植被(bei)。
在頂子城遺址(zhi)中采(cai)集的遺物有(you)陶(tao)器、石(shi)器、銅器等(deng)。陶(tao)器以褐陶(tao)和灰黑陶(tao)為(wei)主,紋(wen)(wen)飾有(you)繩紋(wen)(wen)、弦紋(wen)(wen)、附加堆(dui)紋(wen)(wen)和劃紋(wen)(wen),器形(xing)(xing)有(you)鬲、氟、豆、甕、大口(kou)尊、缽、筒(tong)形(xing)(xing)罐等(deng);石(shi)器有(you)石(shi)斧、石(shi)杵、石(shi)錛、石(shi)球等(deng);發現銅斧1件及勺形(xing)(xing)器1件。
在遺(yi)址北側山根還發現(xian)石板墓群一處,但經(jing)多(duo)年雨水沖刷,均已被毀,僅存散亂(luan)石板,石板長約10—60厘(li)米(mi),厚(hou)約10——20厘(li)米(mi)。從散亂(luan)的(de)石板中發現(xian)銅勺(shao)形器(qi)一殘碎(sui)片(pian)和一件完整的(de)玉(yu)壁(bi)。
頂子城遺(yi)(yi)址是平(ping)泉(quan)幾百(bai)處“夏家店文化”上(shang)、下層遺(yi)(yi)址中內涵豐(feng)富(fu)、器物(wu)類型典型的(de)遺(yi)(yi)址。采集到的(de)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)有很高歷史價值、藝(yi)術價值和研究(jiu)價值。它的(de)發現為(wei)研究(jiu)平(ping)泉(quan)歷史乃(nai)至承德及(ji)東北地區夏商(shang)時期政(zheng)治、經濟(ji)、文化發展(zhan)史提供(gong)了實物(wu)資(zi)料(liao)。
城(cheng)(cheng)墻是城(cheng)(cheng)市發展的顯著標志之一,中的筑(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)史(shi)十(shi)分悠久(jiu),頂子(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址出現了以數重石(shi)頭(tou)壘砌的半圓形短墻,石(shi)頭(tou)短墻高(gao)0.4——2米,壘墻所用石(shi)料(liao)大小不(bu)等,墻基(ji)寬窄不(bu)勻,說(shuo)明城(cheng)(cheng)墻建造得還很不(bu)成(cheng)熟。
1993年7月,頂子城遺(yi)址被河北省(sheng)人民政府批準公布為(wei)第三批省(sheng)級文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)單(dan)位(wei),并制(zhi)定了保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范圍和建(jian)筑(zhu)控制(zhi)地帶(dai)。
保護范(fan)圍:以頂子城(cheng)遺址外(wai)一道墻向四周各外(wai)擴50米。
建筑(zhu)控制地(di)帶:以保護(hu)范圍的邊(bian)線為(wei)基線向外四周(zhou)再(zai)各擴(kuo)5米(西南到懸崖邊(bian))。
夏(xia)家店(dian)文(wen)化(hua),中國社會科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)考(kao)古研究所內蒙古考(kao)古隊,于1960年(nian)在赤峰市郊區(qu)五(wu)家店(dian)鄉夏(xia)家店(dian)村,發現代表商朝早(zao)期(qi)的中國北(bei)方文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)址,屬于新(xin)石器時期(qi),夏(xia)家店(dian)文(wen)化(hua)時期(qi)遺(yi)址,在平(ping)泉縣13個鄉鎮都(dou)有(you)發現。
頂(ding)子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)遺址,位于(yu)(yu)平泉縣茅蘭溝鄉北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之上,根據史料分(fen)(fen)析。此城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)春(chun)秋、戰(zhan)國(guo)時期山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)居(ju)住生(sheng)活地。春(chun)秋時代,燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)的(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部、東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部分(fen)(fen)布著山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),因其居(ju)住在(zai)深山(shan)(shan)(shan)峽谷(gu)中,故被稱(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong);又(you)因其居(ju)住在(zai)中原(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部,又(you)被稱(cheng)為“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),指的(de)(de)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),在(zai)歷史上也稱(cheng)為山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)國(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)“射(she)獵(lie)禽獸為生(sheng),隨畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)而轉移(yi),各分(fen)(fen)散溪谷(gu),勿(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)郭常(chang)處、耕田之業(ye)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)個(ge)游牧(mu)(mu)民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),主要(yao)從事畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)業(ye),性驃悍,善騎(qi)射(she)。頂(ding)子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)石砌(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)墻,主要(yao)用于(yu)(yu)人居(ju)住防止(zhi)野(ye)獸襲(xi)擊(ji),或用于(yu)(yu)圈(quan)馬(ma)之用。頂(ding)子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)小王子(zi)(zi)城(cheng)(cheng)又(you)稱(cheng)“馬(ma)圈(quan)子(zi)(zi)”,即為圈(quan)馬(ma)之處。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)原(yuan)來主要(yao)活動(dong)于(yu)(yu)燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地區(qu),即今河北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省(sheng)承德地區(qu),以(yi)及與之毗鄰的(de)(de)遼寧省(sheng)朝陽地區(qu)。進(jin)入春(chun)秋時代,中原(yuan)諸侯(hou)國(guo)互相征戰(zhan),爭當霸主,無暇顧及邊疆其他民族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)襲(xi)擾,山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)便乘(cheng)機發展強盛起來。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)軍事勢力,已經(jing)越(yue)過燕(yan)(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan),到(dao)達秦(qin)皇(huang)島(dao)盧龍縣,以(yi)及遷安、灤縣等地區(qu),并頻(pin)頻(pin)襲(xi)擾燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)。公元(yuan)前664年(nian),齊(qi)桓公救燕(yan)(yan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)伐山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),給(gei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)重創。燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)收復了無終、令支、孤竹等屬國(guo)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)從西周到(dao)春(chun)秋時代,延續(xu)了400多年(nian)。春(chun)秋晚期,其勢力已大為削(xue)弱。燕(yan)(yan)昭王時,燕(yan)(yan)將(jiang)秦(qin)開(kai)率兵襲(xi)破東胡,拓地千余里(li),連(lian)同山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)殘(can)余部落(luo)一(yi)同消滅。至戰(zhan)國(guo)時期,山(shan)(shan)(shan)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)已銷聲匿跡(ji)。