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柏人城遺址

該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)鄰(lin)泜河，三(san)面(mian)(mian)環崗(gang)(正南(nan)1.5公里為(wei)(wei)木(mu)花崗(gang)，東南(nan)1.5公里為(wei)(wei)光泰(tai)崗(gang)，西(xi)南(nan)2公里為(wei)(wei)馬棚崗(gang))，依山傍水，地(di)勢(shi)險要，向為(wei)(wei)歷代(dai)兵家必爭之地(di)。各(ge)崗(gang)上密布戰國、漢代(dai)古墓數千座。該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)近方形，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)斜(xie)角。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)全長(chang)共(gong)8017米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)：其(qi)中(zhong)東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)2225米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)1915米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)1451米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)2426米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積4平(ping)方公里。東西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)南(nan)半部(bu)(bu)及(ji)南(nan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)除部(bu)(bu)分地(di)段有不同程度的(de)破壞(huai)外，大部(bu)(bu)分輪廓清晰，保存(cun)完好，占(zhan)總(zong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)五分之三(san)，目前(qian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)平(ping)均殘高(gao)2—6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等，高(gao)處7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，基寬(kuan)(kuan)16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，夯(hang)土筑就。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)夯(hang)土層為(wei)(wei)10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左右，每高(gao)60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)鋪有一層栣木(mu)，栣木(mu)間(jian)距為(wei)(wei)30至60厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)不等，其(qi)作用相當于現代(dai)建(jian)筑的(de)鋼筋。該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)共(gong)九門：東、西(xi)各(ge)三(san)門，南(nan)二(er)門，北(bei)(bei)(bei)一門。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門寬(kuan)(kuan)約16.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河距城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，河寬(kuan)(kuan)18米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);中(zhong)心宮殿建(jian)筑區在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內中(zhong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)(kuan)300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東西(xi)長(chang)1400米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積42萬平(ping)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。柏(bo)人城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址是我國保存(cun)較好的(de)古代(dai)大城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池之一。

古文記載

據(ju)舊(jiu)志記載：“春秋周(zhou)襄(xiang)王17年(nian)，衛侯毀滅(mie)邢、并于衛，遂屬衛。28年(nian)晉文(wen)公伐衛取邢，又屬晉邑，乃為(wei)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”由(you)此，柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)似晉文(wen)公時所(suo)建(jian)。到戰國，趙(zhao)王遷元(yuan)年(nian)又予以重修。該城(cheng)(cheng)歷史久遠，相(xiang)傳此地是帝堯(yao)建(jian)都(dou)的地方(fang)，在(zai)后來的一(yi)(yi)些(xie)史籍上(shang)(shang)曾說它是“柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)，堯(yao)之都(dou)也”。據(ju)北齊《顏氏家訓》記載，在(zai)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)(cheng)西門內有(you)一(yi)(yi)漢桓(huan)帝時柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)縣(xian)民為(wei)縣(xian)令徐整碑，石碑上(shang)(shang)銘文(wen)曰：“山有(you)巏嵍，王喬所(suo)仙。”《全唐詩(shi)話》中(zhong)還有(you)馬郁贈給(gei)韓定(ding)辭的一(yi)(yi)首(shou)詩(shi)：“邃(sui)林(lin)芳(fang)草綿綿思(si)，盡日相(xiang)攜陟麗譙。別后宣務(wu)山上(shang)(shang)望，羨君時復見(jian)王喬。”可(ke)見(jian)這里是傳說中(zhong)的柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)令王子喬駕鶴(he)升(sheng)天(tian)之地。

據隆(long)堯(yao)縣(xian)(xian)1999年(nian)(nian)修訂出版的《唐山縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》（注(zhu)：金(jin)太宗完顏晟時期(qi)，隆(long)堯(yao)稱唐山）記：《帝王(wang)世紀》、《城(cheng)(cheng)冢(zhong)記》、《大明(ming)一統志(zhi)》皆云：“柏(bo)仁（人）城(cheng)(cheng)，堯(yao)封唐侯所都之(zhi)地(di)”，《唐山縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》記柏(bo)人城(cheng)(cheng)：“春秋襄(xiang)王(wang)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)，紀侯毀于(yu)邢，并于(yu)紀，遂屬紀。”“二十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)晉文公伐紀取邢，又(you)屬晉邑，乃(nai)為柏(bo)人。”

價值

柏(bo)人城(cheng)周圍崗(gang)上遍布(bu)戰國及漢代古墓(mu)，該城(cheng)歷年出土遺物有陶器(qi)、瓷器(qi)、金屬器(qi)等(deng)，代表器(qi)物有該城(cheng)在戰國時期(qi)所鑄“白人”刀幣和刻有“柏(bo)人”的(de)銘(ming)文戈。當時趙國只有邯鄲和柏(bo)人兩(liang)地(di)鑄造(zao)錢幣，足見當時柏(bo)人城(cheng)歷史地(di)位之重(zhong)要。

概述

柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)由(you)夯(hang)土(tu)建筑，北(bei)鄰(lin)泜（zhī）水，三(san)面環崗(gang)，依山(shan)傍水，形勢險要，向來(lai)為歷(li)代兵(bing)家所看重。邢臺(tai)通史(shi)上“邢地春秋古城(cheng)遺址(zhi)”一節，記(ji)載了“柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)系晉(jin)文公(gong)時(shi)(shi)初建”。戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)已發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)成(cheng)為北(bei)方趙國的一個(ge)比較繁榮昌盛的軍事重鎮，那時(shi)(shi)候人(ren)(ren)口聚居，經(jing)濟得到大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。這里遺有(you)商周時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的陶(tao)窯和(he)大(da)量陶(tao)器，城(cheng)四周有(you)眾(zhong)多(duo)戰(zhan)(zhan)國及(ji)漢(han)代古墓，從墓葬(zang)中曾經(jing)挖(wa)掘出不少(shao)陶(tao)罐銅(tong)(tong)鏡，銅(tong)(tong)帶勾(gou)、青銅(tong)(tong)劍、鐵劍以及(ji)戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的錯金銅(tong)(tong)帶勾(gou)玉璧、瑪瑙飾件等。近年，在柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)址(zhi)還發(fa)現了戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)流行的銅(tong)(tong)質“刀幣”，刀幣上鑄有(you)“白（通柏(bo)）人(ren)(ren)”字樣(yang)。據專家考證，當時(shi)(shi)趙國只有(you)邯鄲和(he)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)兩個(ge)地方鑄銅(tong)(tong)錢。這是戰(zhan)(zhan)國時(shi)(shi)柏(bo)人(ren)(ren)城(cheng)經(jing)濟繁榮、商業發(fa)達的重要標志。

戰爭

古柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)一(yi)帶，歷史上(shang)曾發生(sheng)過數次戰(zhan)爭。據史料記(ji)載：公(gong)元前(qian)491年，晉(jin)卿趙(zhao)氏(shi)與中行氏(shi)、范(fan)氏(shi)等發生(sheng)內(nei)戰(zhan)，中行文(wen)子曾逃至柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)，趙(zhao)簡子遂圍柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)。漢(han)高(gao)祖8年（公(gong)元前(qian)199年），劉(liu)邦過柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)，怕被(bei)人(ren)(ren)行刺，未留宿西(xi)去，使(shi)趙(zhao)相(xiang)貫(guan)高(gao)等人(ren)(ren)的陰(yin)謀未能得(de)逞。公(gong)元24年，后(hou)漢(han)光武(wu)帝劉(liu)秀創業時，曾在柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城外大敗王郎大獎李育。柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城成為漢(han)武(wu)帝在河北(bei)一(yi)帶的重要軍事堡(bao)壘。西(xi)晉(jin)末年，羯族（匈奴的一(yi)個分支(zhi)）人(ren)(ren)石勒率兵襲晉(jin)將王浚(jun)占(zhan)領柏(bo)(bo)(bo)人(ren)(ren)城，大破(po)晉(jin)軍。此役為爾后(hou)石勒在古襄國（邢臺(tai)市）稱(cheng)帝奠定了基礎(chu)。

歷史

西(xi)漢(han)時(shi)柏人城(cheng)為(wei)縣(xian)級行政首府，北魏時(shi)曾易名“柏仁(ren)”城(cheng)。唐(tang)天寶元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)（742年(nian)(nian)），因遭(zao)水(shui)患，城(cheng)被水(shui)淹，縣(xian)治(zhi)東遷(qian)堯(yao)城(cheng)鎮，遂(sui)更名為(wei)堯(yao)山縣(xian)，歷(li)時(shi)948年(nian)(nian)的(de)古(gu)柏仁(ren)城(cheng)廢，始稱亦城(cheng)。時(shi)隔千余載，古(gu)柏城(cheng)雖(sui)廢，但它的(de)遺(yi)跡(ji)猶存，昔日(ri)古(gu)城(cheng)垣依稀可見，眾多(duo)出土文物仍指點(dian)人們去(qu)追溯古(gu)城(cheng)的(de)歷(li)史足跡(ji)。