簡介
蔚州古城(cheng)墻古時(shi)非常有名,《萬歷野獲錄》記載“蔚州城(cheng)墻,相傳李克(ke)用所筑,無論精(jing)堅,其甃石光澤可以(yi)照面,赫連之統萬城(cheng)不足道也(ye)”,今看到(dao)的城(cheng)墻是明朝修(xiu)建(jian)的。
蔚州(zhou)古(gu)城始建于北周(zhou)大(da)象二(er)年,現存城墻為(wei)明(ming)洪武(wu)十年重修,周(zhou)七里十三(san)步(3800米(mi),注(zhu):明(ming)承唐制,一里為(wei)540米(mi)),高三(san)丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(11.5米(mi)),下寬四(si)(si)丈(zhang)(13.3米(mi)),上寬二(er)丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(8.3米(mi)),堞高六尺(chi)(2米(mi))。城門樓(lou)(lou)三(san)座(zuo),角樓(lou)(lou)四(si)(si)座(zuo),敵樓(lou)(lou)二(er)十四(si)(si)座(zuo),各五(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)高三(san)層,垛口一千一百(bai)余。東門為(wei)安定門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)景(jing)陽樓(lou)(lou),南門為(wei)景(jing)仙門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)萬山樓(lou)(lou),西門為(wei)清遠門,樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)廣運樓(lou)(lou),三(san)門外均建有高大(da)雄壯的甕城、月(yue)城,月(yue)城上樓(lou)(lou)三(san)座(zuo),各一間(jian)(jian)二(er)層。
東(dong)關城周(zhou)長二里(li)二百(bai)一十步(1400米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)(si),東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)東(dong)作(zuo)門(men)(men)(men)(men),西門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永(yong)(yong)寧門(men)(men)(men)(men)。南(nan)關城周(zhou)三里(li)二百(bai)七(qi)十步(1700米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)(si),東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)平安門(men)(men)(men)(men),南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)明庶門(men)(men)(men)(men),北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永(yong)(yong)昌門(men)(men)(men)(men)。西關城周(zhou)長一里(li)三百(bai)三十四(si)(si)步(1000米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四(si)(si),東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永(yong)(yong)安門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,北(bei)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)鎮(zhen)朔門(men)(men)(men)(men)。
歷史背景
蔚(yu)縣(xian)歷史源遠流長,古(gu)稱(cheng)蔚(yu)州,又名(ming)蘿(luo)川,是(shi)古(gu)“燕云十六州”之一。蔚(yu)縣(xian)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于北周(zhou)大象二年,因(yin)古(gu)代(dai)蔚(yu)縣(xian)均(jun)屬于和北方(fang)(fang)少數(shu)名(ming)族爭取接壤的(de)(de)(de)地段(duan),經多次戰(zhan)亂,因(yin)此城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)歷經多年毀建(jian),至明代(dai),因(yin)為抵御北方(fang)(fang)少數(shu)民族政(zheng)權,于明代(dai)洪(hong)武十年重修的(de)(de)(de)蔚(yu)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)大修,今所(suo)見的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)即為明代(dai)遺(yi)存(cun),蔚(yu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)國內現存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址中的(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)不是(shi)方(fang)(fang)圓建(jian)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de),而是(shi)依地勢(shi)建(jian)造的(de)(de)(de)不規則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang),并且一反古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四門(men)或九門(men)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)制(zhi),而是(shi)在(zai)北方(fang)(fang)不建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),這是(shi)為了抵御北方(fang)(fang)少數(shu)政(zheng)權入侵,以便預留更多的(de)(de)(de)抵御時間(jian)所(suo)建(jian),為其他地區古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)罕(han)見之處,是(shi)京西(xi)保(bao)存(cun)為完整的(de)(de)(de)、形制(zhi)為特殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。