簡介
蔚州古城(cheng)墻古時非常有名,《萬歷(li)野獲錄》記載(zai)“蔚州城(cheng)墻,相傳李克用所筑,無論精堅,其甃石(shi)光澤可以(yi)照面(mian),赫連之統萬城(cheng)不足(zu)道也”,今看到(dao)的(de)城(cheng)墻是(shi)明朝修建的(de)。
蔚州古城(cheng)始(shi)建于北周大象二(er)年(nian),現(xian)存城(cheng)墻為(wei)明洪(hong)武(wu)十年(nian)重(zhong)修,周七(qi)里十三步(3800米(mi),注:明承(cheng)唐制,一(yi)里為(wei)540米(mi)),高三丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(11.5米(mi)),下(xia)寬四(si)丈(zhang)(13.3米(mi)),上寬二(er)丈(zhang)五(wu)(wu)尺(chi)(8.3米(mi)),堞高六尺(chi)(2米(mi))。城(cheng)門(men)樓(lou)三座(zuo),角樓(lou)四(si)座(zuo),敵樓(lou)二(er)十四(si)座(zuo),各(ge)(ge)五(wu)(wu)間高三層,垛口一(yi)千一(yi)百余(yu)。東門(men)為(wei)安(an)定門(men),樓(lou)為(wei)景陽樓(lou),南門(men)為(wei)景仙門(men),樓(lou)為(wei)萬(wan)山(shan)樓(lou),西門(men)為(wei)清遠門(men),樓(lou)為(wei)廣運(yun)樓(lou),三門(men)外均建有高大雄壯的甕城(cheng)、月(yue)城(cheng),月(yue)城(cheng)上樓(lou)三座(zuo),各(ge)(ge)一(yi)間二(er)層。
東(dong)關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)長二(er)里(li)二(er)百一十(shi)步(bu)(1400米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)東(dong)作門(men)(men)(men)(men),西門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永寧(ning)門(men)(men)(men)(men)。南關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)三里(li)二(er)百七十(shi)步(bu)(1700米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)平安門(men)(men)(men)(men),南門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)明庶門(men)(men)(men)(men),北門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永昌門(men)(men)(men)(men)。西關(guan)城周(zhou)(zhou)長一里(li)三百三十(shi)四步(bu)(1000米(mi)),門(men)(men)(men)(men)四,東(dong)門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)永安門(men)(men)(men)(men)”,北門(men)(men)(men)(men)為(wei)鎮朔門(men)(men)(men)(men)。
歷史背景
蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)歷(li)史源遠流長,古(gu)(gu)稱(cheng)蔚(yu)(yu)州,又名(ming)蘿川,是(shi)(shi)古(gu)(gu)“燕云十(shi)六(liu)州”之一。蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)北(bei)周大象二年,因古(gu)(gu)代(dai)蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)均屬于(yu)和(he)北(bei)方(fang)少(shao)數(shu)名(ming)族爭取接壤的(de)(de)地段,經(jing)多次(ci)戰亂(luan),因此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)歷(li)經(jing)多年毀建(jian)(jian)(jian),至明代(dai),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)抵御北(bei)方(fang)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)族政(zheng)權(quan),于(yu)明代(dai)洪武十(shi)年重修的(de)(de)蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)大修,今所(suo)見的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)明代(dai)遺(yi)存,蔚(yu)(yu)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)(shi)國內現存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址中的(de)(de)一座(zuo)不是(shi)(shi)方(fang)圓建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi)的(de)(de),而是(shi)(shi)依(yi)地勢建(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)(de)不規則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),并且一反(fan)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)四門(men)或九(jiu)門(men)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)制(zhi),而是(shi)(shi)在(zai)北(bei)方(fang)不建(jian)(jian)(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了抵御北(bei)方(fang)少(shao)數(shu)政(zheng)權(quan)入侵(qin),以便預(yu)留更多的(de)(de)抵御時間所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)(wei)(wei)其他地區古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)罕見之處,是(shi)(shi)京(jing)西保存為(wei)(wei)(wei)完整的(de)(de)、形制(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)特殊的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。