歷史
據《清乾(qian)隆光(guang)山縣(xian)志》記載,明萬歷(li)(li)庚申年(1620年)由潑陂河境內紳士、鄉耆并殷實好施者,爭(zheng)相捐(juan)資相助(zhu),始建成“永(yong)濟橋”。后此橋在歷(li)(li)次(ci)整修中,有(you)眾多(duo)好心(xin)行善者傾囊(nang)獻款(kuan),因募捐(juan)款(kuan)多(duo),人們又稱此橋為“萬金橋”。
結構
永濟橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)是(shi)河南省(sheng)最(zui)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)。南北長101米(mi),東西寬(kuan)(kuan)7米(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)下由9個(ge)(ge)拱形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)聯(lian)綴(zhui)而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),每(mei)個(ge)(ge)拱形(xing)孔(kong)(kong)長度(du)(du)不一(yi),自6至12米(mi)不等,寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)和(he)高(gao)度(du)(du)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)孔(kong)(kong)向兩(liang)邊遞減(jian),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)孔(kong)(kong)是(shi)高(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陡(dou)拱,如駝峰突起,逐漸向兩(liang)邊過(guo)渡為(wei)弓(gong)形(xing)孔(kong)(kong),宛如彎月。這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型顯(xian)示了建筑力(li)學和(he)美學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有機契合。由于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)孔(kong)(kong)高(gao)大(da),整(zheng)座橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)呈八字型。這種(zhong)(zhong)建筑在古代(dai)(dai)既(ji)能使(shi)樓船順利通過(guo),又可(ke)以(yi)迅速排除(chu)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)雨水,防止橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)積水,向橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)下滲漏腐蝕橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)梁結(jie)構。每(mei)一(yi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩(dun)(dun)都“肩挑”兩(liang)拱,拱相連(lian),構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)整(zheng)體,共同承受(shou)著整(zheng)座石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量。由于橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身長、跨度(du)(du)大(da)、橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)較(jiao)寬(kuan)(kuan),加之全(quan)部(bu)由花崗石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),使(shi)得大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)宏偉(wei)、壯觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣勢。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)墩(dun)(dun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東側(ce),建有高(gao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)水嶺,可(ke)分(fen)開洪(hong)水穿孔(kong)(kong)而瀉,這是(shi)減(jian)少山洪(hong)沖(chong)擊,保(bao)護(hu)長橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項科學措施(shi)。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)兩(liang)側(ce)建有欄桿,兩(liang)邊為(wei)人行道(dao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)為(wei)車道(dao)。據記載過(guo)去(qu)兩(liang)端橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)堍有華表,兩(liang)旁有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)。每(mei)個(ge)(ge)柱(zhu)頭都雕(diao)刻著不同姿態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獅(shi)子,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身兩(liang)邊雕(diao)刻有各種(zhong)(zhong)圖案紋(wen)飾,使(shi)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造型從整(zheng)體結(jie)構至局部(bu)裝飾都達到了完美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)境地。 可(ke)惜自明清以(yi)來(lai),該橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)幾(ji)毀幾(ji)建,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)欄石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)早已不存在,被換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)水泥澆注(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。歷(li)次維修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)痕跡依稀(xi)可(ke)辨。
永濟橋(qiao)是(shi)光(guang)(guang)山(shan)縣(xian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長最(zui)(zui)(zui)大的(de)古代聯拱(gong)石橋(qiao),也(ye)是(shi)河南(nan)省(sheng)最(zui)(zui)(zui)長最(zui)(zui)(zui)大的(de)古代聯拱(gong)石橋(qiao)。它是(shi)光(guang)(guang)山(shan)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)的(de)智慧的(de)結晶。它對于了解我國明代建筑藝(yi)術(shu),有著重要的(de)價(jia)值。一九八(ba)0年由(you)光(guang)(guang)山(shan)縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)公布為縣(xian)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位,二000年九月,河南(nan)省(sheng)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)正式批準永濟橋(qiao)為省(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)(dan)位。