介紹
友(you)誼村(cun)墓群,位于(yu)四(si)平市梨樹縣白山鄉(xiang)友(you)誼村(cun)至鄭(zheng)家(jia)村(cun)一(yi)條(tiao)東西(xi)走(zou)向的(de)漫崗(gang)之(zhi)上,漫崗(gang)東西(xi)長4.3公(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬(kuan)2.5公(gong)里(li),墓葬主要分布(bu)于(yu)漫崗(gang)南(nan)坡之(zhi)上。墓群南(nan)側坡下有一(yi)條(tiao)東西(xi)向的(de)小河流過,墓群西(xi)南(nan)約4公(gong)里(li)為偏臉(lian)城(cheng)城(cheng)址。地(di)理坐標:北緯43°24′35.9",東經124°23′49.0",高程208米(mi)。2013年被國務院公(gong)布(bu)為第(di)七批全國重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)地勢(shi)北高南(nan)低,友誼村覆蓋了大半個墓(mu)(mu)群(qun),村中(zhong)間有(you)一條(tiao)南(nan)北向的(de)鄉路從(cong)墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)中(zhong)間穿過,把墓(mu)(mu)群(qun)分為(wei)東、西兩部(bu)分。友誼村原名(ming)高麗墳屯,位(wei)于村西北漫崗南(nan)坡(po),附(fu)近有(you)遼、金時代村落遺址(zhi),可(ke)能是護陵戶的(de)居住址(zhi)。在友誼村西部(bu)胡家(jia)屯東部(bu)發現的(de)兩座磚室(shi)墓(mu)(mu),一為(wei)長方形,一為(wei)八角形。友誼村磚室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)多見泥質(zhi)灰(hui)陶(tao)骨灰(hui)罐或多人(ren)二次葬。在友誼村西側有(you)一石羊側臥在路旁,當是墓(mu)(mu)前神獸之一。
1995年,對(dui)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群進行(xing)了搶救性發掘。1號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)南(nan)偏(pian)東(dong)37°,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道距墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門1米(mi)處(chu)有(you)(you)一磚(zhuan)砌(qi)祭壇(tan),有(you)(you)大量木炭和動物(wu)骨(gu)骼。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室為(wei)卷(juan)頂(ding)(ding),八(ba)角形(xing)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室,南(nan)北長3.8米(mi),東(dong)西寬3.9米(mi),殘高(gao)2.12米(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室青磚(zhuan)砌(qi)成,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壁白灰刮面,壁上繪畫欞窗圖。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室用磚(zhuan)雕(diao)仿木結(jie)構外檐式建(jian)筑(zhu),有(you)(you)倚柱、闌額、普(pu)柏枋、櫨斗(dou)(dou)、一斗(dou)(dou)三升的斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)、撩風檐、瓦、滴水、屋檐等(deng)裝飾(shi)物(wu),均為(wei)青磚(zhuan)磨制刮灰彩繪。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)(ding)為(wei)穹窿頂(ding)(ding),從塌落在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)底的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)頂(ding)(ding)殘留物(wu)看,在刮抹的白灰上繪有(you)(you)日(ri)月星辰。古墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)雕(diao)刻工藝考究,繪畫色彩艷麗,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室氣(qi)勢宏大。
1996年,吉林省(sheng)文物(wu)考(kao)古(gu)研究所對(dui)墓(mu)地進(jin)行了勘探(tan)(tan),探(tan)(tan)明墓(mu)群現(xian)存磚室墓(mu)10余(yu)座,且保(bao)存完好。
友誼村(cun)墓群分布范圍大(da),有八角形壁畫墓和墓前石刻(ke)神(shen)獸,距金(jin)代韓(han)州故城(cheng)(cheng)——梨樹縣(xian)偏臉城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)較近,對(dui)研究韓(han)州的(de)(de)建治年代有較高(gao)歷(li)史價值(zhi),對(dui)研究東(dong)北地區的(de)(de)金(jin)代葬(zang)(zang)制、葬(zang)(zang)俗乃(nai)至喪葬(zang)(zang)文化(hua)具(ju)有重(zhong)要的(de)(de)學術價值(zhi)。