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基本介紹

偏(pian)臉城遺址位于吉林省(sheng)四平市梨樹縣白(bai)山鄉岫巖村白(bai)山咀(ju)子山崗南(nan)坡(po)。距梨樹縣城四公里，南(nan)臨昭蘇太河，北依白(bai)山丘(qiu)陵。在遼代(dai)叫(jiao)奚營或九百奚營，在金(jin)代(dai)叫(jiao)韓(han)州(zhou)，是(shi)遼金(jin)時(shi)期(qi)的重要(yao)城鎮和南(nan)北交通要(yao)道。

偏臉城，蒙古語阿拉木圖城，漢譯為有梨樹的城，即梨樹城。形如偏歪的人面，故稱偏臉城。城墻為夯土壘成。此處曾幽囚過大宋的兩朝君主：徽宗，欽宗兩年之久，在歷史上留下重要一筆。遺(yi)存有造型(xing)別致做工(gong)精巧的金(jin)制樹葉、蜻蜓(ting)等；大片建筑遺(yi)址散布著(zhu)大量琉璃瓦、青磚、銅器(qi)等。還發現一(yi)個較大的遼代(dai)古(gu)墓群(qun)。1961年4月13日被吉林省人民委(wei)員會公布(bu)為(wei)省級文物保護單位。2006年5月25日被國務院核定為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。

從四(si)平(ping)市(shi)梨(li)樹縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)望去，天邊(bian)有(you)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)山崗，東(dong)西(xi)走向(xiang)，綿延十余公(gong)(gong)里。在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)田間(jian)穿行三四(si)公(gong)(gong)里。過招蘇太河(he)，一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)即在(zai)(zai)目前。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順山坡橫下，四(si)面高(gao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)清晰可辨。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)勢不平(ping)，西(xi)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)而東(dong)南(nan)低，方向(xiang)東(dong)斜，有(you)如偏(pian)歪(wai)的(de)(de)人面。故人稱偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，大體平(ping)行。每面長(chang)約千米(mi)，寬一(yi)(yi)米(mi)，高(gao)五六米(mi)左右。四(si)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有(you)門，門外(wai)有(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)門與東(dong)西(xi)門，皆成對應。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)角(jiao)，都(dou)有(you)突出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)，高(gao)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂(ding)的(de)(de)圓形高(gao)臺。這是角(jiao)樓，站在(zai)(zai)上面可以瞭望全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)，都(dou)有(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕遺址(zhi)。偏(pian)臉古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)遼金(jin)時代(dai)最(zui)早(zao)叫九百奚(xi)營，歸臨津縣管轄。統(tong)歸于韓州統(tong)鄰。因九百奚(xi)營地(di)處交通(tong)要道(dao)，為(wei)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)往來的(de)(de)必經之地(di)。故在(zai)(zai)遼金(jin)時代(dai)，九百奚(xi)營是相當重要的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮。在(zai)(zai)此，曾幽(you)囚(qiu)過大宋的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)朝君主：徽宗(zong)(zong)，欽宗(zong)(zong)兩(liang)(liang)年之久(jiu)。在(zai)(zai)歷史(shi)上留下重要一(yi)(yi)筆(bi)。

歷史沿革

現在(zai)的(de)偏臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)，向(xiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遠望，是一片玉(yu)米農田、幾個(ge)村莊和(he)北東南西四(si)個(ge)方(fang)向(xiang)由(you)高(gao)(gao)到低(di)隆起(qi)的(de)土壘(lei)（古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)），這四(si)趟土壘(lei)就是當年環繞古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)清晰可辨，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)兩側(ce)的(de)梯形坡上全是蒿(hao)草和(he)山榆，緊挨城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)外側(ce)是壕溝（古護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)），壕溝外是一片半尺高(gao)(gao)綠油(you)油(you)的(de)農田。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上有馬車寬，走(zou)在(zai)上面(mian)，腳下仍可踢到少量的(de)殘(can)磚碎瓦。

金末時，元蒙(meng)古大軍攻下韓州城(cheng)(cheng)后，一把火燒掉了偏臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)，轉年蒙(meng)古人把這里當作牧場放牧，看到偏臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)變成了一片(pian)殘垣斷壁，只有(you)西北角長著一棵大梨樹(shu)，枝繁果(guo)茂，就(jiu)叫(jiao)這座城(cheng)(cheng)為梨樹(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)。此后數百年間，古城(cheng)(cheng)一直(zhi)沉(chen)睡在(zai)曠野中。

因為偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)西北(bei)角樓頂端，其實整(zheng)個偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，夯土壘成(cheng)，因城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內地(di)勢西北(bei)高而(er)東(dong)南低，方向東(dong)斜(xie)，平面略呈(cheng)方形，就像人的(de)一張(zhang)偏(pian)歪(wai)的(de)臉(lian)，俗稱‘偏(pian)臉(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)’。”