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基本介紹

偏臉城遺(yi)址位(wei)于吉林(lin)省(sheng)四平市梨樹(shu)縣(xian)白(bai)山(shan)鄉岫(xiu)巖村白(bai)山(shan)咀子山(shan)崗南(nan)坡。距梨樹(shu)縣(xian)城四公里，南(nan)臨昭蘇(su)太河，北(bei)依白(bai)山(shan)丘陵。在(zai)遼代叫奚(xi)營(ying)或九(jiu)百奚(xi)營(ying)，在(zai)金代叫韓州，是遼金時(shi)期(qi)的重(zhong)要城鎮和南(nan)北(bei)交(jiao)通要道(dao)。

偏臉城，蒙古語阿拉木圖城，漢譯為有梨樹的城，即梨樹城。形如偏歪的人面，故稱偏臉城。城墻為夯土壘成。此處曾幽囚過大宋的兩朝君主：徽宗，欽宗兩年之久，在歷史上留下重要一筆。遺存(cun)有造型別(bie)致做工精巧的金制樹(shu)葉、蜻蜓(ting)等；大片建(jian)筑遺址散布著大量琉(liu)璃(li)瓦、青磚、銅(tong)器等。還發現(xian)一個較大的遼代古墓群(qun)。1961年4月13日被(bei)吉林省人民(min)委員會公布為省級文物保護單位。2006年5月25日被國務院核定為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。

從(cong)四(si)平(ping)市梨(li)樹縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)(bei)望(wang)去，天邊(bian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)道山崗，東西(xi)(xi)走(zou)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，綿延十余公(gong)里(li)。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)田間穿行三四(si)公(gong)里(li)。過招蘇太河，一(yi)座古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)即在目前。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順山坡橫下(xia)，四(si)面高(gao)(gao)(gao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)清(qing)晰可辨(bian)。全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)勢(shi)不平(ping)，西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)(gao)而東南(nan)低，方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東斜，有(you)(you)(you)(you)如偏歪的人面。故(gu)人稱偏臉(lian)(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。偏臉(lian)(lian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，東墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，大體平(ping)行。每面長約千米，寬(kuan)一(yi)米，高(gao)(gao)(gao)五六米左(zuo)右。四(si)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)門(men)，門(men)外有(you)(you)(you)(you)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)門(men)與(yu)東西(xi)(xi)門(men)，皆成對應。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)角，都有(you)(you)(you)(you)突出墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外，高(gao)(gao)(gao)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂的圓形高(gao)(gao)(gao)臺(tai)。這(zhe)是(shi)角樓，站在上面可以瞭望(wang)全(quan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外，都有(you)(you)(you)(you)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕遺址(zhi)(zhi)。偏臉(lian)(lian)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在遼金時代最(zui)早叫九百(bai)奚(xi)營，歸臨津縣(xian)管轄(xia)。統歸于韓州(zhou)統鄰(lin)。因九百(bai)奚(xi)營地(di)處交通(tong)要道，為南(nan)北(bei)(bei)往來的必經之(zhi)地(di)。故(gu)在遼金時代，九百(bai)奚(xi)營是(shi)相當重要的城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮。在此，曾幽囚(qiu)過大宋的兩朝(chao)君主：徽(hui)宗，欽宗兩年之(zhi)久。在歷史(shi)上留下(xia)重要一(yi)筆(bi)。

歷史沿革

現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址，向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遠望(wang)，是(shi)一片玉(yu)米農田、幾個(ge)村莊和北東南西四個(ge)方(fang)向由高到低(di)隆起的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)壘（古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)），這(zhe)四趟土(tu)壘就是(shi)當年環繞古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)清晰可辨(bian)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)梯(ti)形坡上全是(shi)蒿草和山榆，緊挨(ai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)外側(ce)是(shi)壕溝（古護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河），壕溝外是(shi)一片半尺高綠(lv)油油的(de)(de)(de)農田。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上有馬車寬，走在(zai)上面，腳下(xia)仍可踢到少量的(de)(de)(de)殘磚碎瓦。

金末時(shi)，元蒙(meng)古(gu)大軍攻(gong)下(xia)韓州城(cheng)后，一(yi)把火(huo)燒(shao)掉了(le)偏臉(lian)城(cheng)，轉年蒙(meng)古(gu)人把這(zhe)里當作牧場放牧，看到偏臉(lian)城(cheng)變成了(le)一(yi)片殘垣斷(duan)壁，只有西北角長(chang)著一(yi)棵大梨樹，枝(zhi)繁果茂，就叫這(zhe)座(zuo)城(cheng)為梨樹城(cheng)。此后數(shu)百年間(jian)，古(gu)城(cheng)一(yi)直(zhi)沉睡在曠野(ye)中(zhong)。

因為偏臉城城墻的(de)(de)西北(bei)角樓頂(ding)端(duan)，其實整個(ge)偏臉城城墻，夯土壘成，因城內地(di)勢西北(bei)高而東(dong)(dong)南低，方向東(dong)(dong)斜，平面略(lve)呈(cheng)方形，就像人(ren)的(de)(de)一張偏歪的(de)(de)臉，俗(su)稱(cheng)‘偏臉城’。”