偏臉城遺址位(wei)于吉林省四平(ping)市梨(li)樹縣白山鄉岫巖(yan)村白山咀子山崗南(nan)坡。距梨(li)樹縣城四公里,南(nan)臨昭蘇太河(he),北依白山丘陵。在遼代(dai)叫奚營或(huo)九百奚營,在金代(dai)叫韓州,是遼金時(shi)期的重要城鎮和南(nan)北交(jiao)通要道。
偏臉城,蒙古語阿拉木圖城,漢譯為有梨樹的城,即梨樹城。形如偏歪的人面,故稱偏臉城。城墻為夯土壘成。此處曾幽囚過大宋的兩朝君主:徽宗,欽宗兩年之久,在歷史上留下重要一筆。遺存(cun)有造型別致做工(gong)精巧的金制樹葉、蜻蜓等;大(da)(da)片(pian)建筑遺址(zhi)散布著(zhu)大(da)(da)量琉(liu)璃瓦、青磚、銅器(qi)等。還(huan)發(fa)現一個較(jiao)大(da)(da)的遼代(dai)古墓群。1961年4月13日被吉林省(sheng)人民委員會公(gong)布為省(sheng)級文物保護單位。2006年5月25日被國務院核定為第六批全國重點文物保護單位。
從四(si)(si)(si)平市梨樹(shu)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)向北望去(qu),天邊有一道(dao)(dao)山崗,東西走向,綿延(yan)十余公里。在城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北田(tian)間穿行(xing)三四(si)(si)(si)公里。過招(zhao)蘇太河(he),一座(zuo)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)即在目前。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)順山坡橫下,四(si)(si)(si)面(mian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)清(qing)晰可辨。全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地勢不平,西北高(gao)(gao)(gao)而東南(nan)低(di),方向東斜,有如偏(pian)歪(wai)的(de)(de)人面(mian)。故(gu)人稱(cheng)偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)為土墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),東墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),南(nan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),大體平行(xing)。每面(mian)長約千(qian)米(mi),寬一米(mi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)五六米(mi)左(zuo)右(you)。四(si)(si)(si)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)有門(men),門(men)外有甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),南(nan)北門(men)與東西門(men),皆(jie)成(cheng)對(dui)應。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)四(si)(si)(si)角(jiao),都(dou)有突(tu)出(chu)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外,高(gao)(gao)(gao)于墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂的(de)(de)圓形(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)臺。這是角(jiao)樓(lou),站(zhan)在上面(mian)可以瞭(liao)望全城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與北墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外,都(dou)有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)。偏(pian)臉古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在遼(liao)金(jin)時代最(zui)早叫九百奚(xi)營(ying)(ying),歸臨津縣管轄。統歸于韓州統鄰(lin)。因(yin)九百奚(xi)營(ying)(ying)地處交通要(yao)道(dao)(dao),為南(nan)北往來的(de)(de)必經之地。故(gu)在遼(liao)金(jin)時代,九百奚(xi)營(ying)(ying)是相當重要(yao)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮。在此,曾(ceng)幽囚過大宋的(de)(de)兩朝君主:徽宗,欽宗兩年之久。在歷史上留(liu)下重要(yao)一筆。
現在的(de)(de)偏(pian)臉城(cheng)遺址,向(xiang)城(cheng)內(nei)遠望,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)片(pian)玉米農田、幾(ji)個(ge)村莊(zhuang)和北東南西四個(ge)方向(xiang)由(you)高(gao)到低(di)隆起的(de)(de)土壘(古城(cheng)墻),這四趟土壘就是(shi)(shi)當(dang)年環繞古城(cheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)墻,城(cheng)墻清晰可辨(bian),城(cheng)墻兩側(ce)的(de)(de)梯(ti)形坡上全(quan)是(shi)(shi)蒿草(cao)和山榆,緊挨(ai)城(cheng)墻的(de)(de)外(wai)側(ce)是(shi)(shi)壕(hao)溝(gou)(古護(hu)城(cheng)河),壕(hao)溝(gou)外(wai)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)片(pian)半尺高(gao)綠油(you)油(you)的(de)(de)農田。城(cheng)墻上有馬車(che)寬,走在上面,腳下(xia)仍(reng)可踢到少量(liang)的(de)(de)殘磚碎瓦。
金末時,元蒙古大軍攻下韓州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后,一(yi)把火燒掉了偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),轉年(nian)蒙古人把這里當作牧場(chang)放牧,看到偏(pian)臉城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)變成了一(yi)片(pian)殘垣(yuan)斷壁(bi),只有西北角(jiao)長(chang)著一(yi)棵大梨(li)樹,枝繁(fan)果(guo)茂,就叫這座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)梨(li)樹城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。此后數(shu)百年(nian)間(jian),古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)直沉睡在曠野中(zhong)。
因(yin)為偏臉(lian)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻的西北角(jiao)樓頂端,其實整個偏臉(lian)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻,夯土壘成(cheng),因(yin)城(cheng)內地勢西北高而東南低,方向(xiang)東斜,平面(mian)略(lve)呈方形,就像人的一(yi)張偏歪的臉(lian),俗稱‘偏臉(lian)城(cheng)’。”