建筑結構
玉帶(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)在西堤六橋(qiao)(qiao)中(zhong)是最令人喜(xi)愛的一(yi)座。它是西堤上唯一(yi)的高拱石橋(qiao)(qiao),是當年乾隆從(cong)昆明湖乘船到(dao)玉泉山的通道。橋(qiao)(qiao)身用(yong)漢(han)白(bai)玉和青白(bai)石砌成(cheng)。潔(jie)白(bai)的橋(qiao)(qiao)欄望柱上,雕(diao)(diao)有(you)各式(shi)向(xiang)云中(zhong)飛翔的仙(xian)鶴(he),雕(diao)(diao)工(gong)精細,形象生動,顯示了雕(diao)(diao)刻工(gong)匠們的藝術才能。
玉(yu)帶(dai)(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱高(gao)而(er)薄(bo),形(xing)若玉(yu)帶(dai)(dai),弧形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)線條十(shi)分流暢。半圓(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞與水(shui)中的(de)(de)(de)倒(dao)影(ying),構成(cheng)一輪透明的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)月,四周橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄(lan)望柱倒(dao)影(ying)參差,在綢緞般的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)面上浮動蕩(dang)漾,景象十(shi)分動人。它是(shi)頤和(he)園里著名的(de)(de)(de)建筑(zhu)物之一。蛋尖(jian)形(xing)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱,特別高(gao)聳,好(hao)似玉(yu)帶(dai)(dai)。此橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)舊(jiu)名“穹橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”俗稱駝峰橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),均以形(xing)象命名。玉(yu)帶(dai)(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)造型具有我國長江(jiang)三角洲地區石拱橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)格(ge),以纖秀(xiu)挺拔(ba),輕巧為其(qi)之特色。拱高(gao)而(er)薄(bo),成(cheng)流暢挺拔(ba)的(de)(de)(de)曲線。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)、橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄(lan)選用(yong)青白(bai)石和(he)漢(han)白(bai)玉(yu)雕(diao)砌,潔白(bai)如(ru)玉(yu),宛如(ru)玉(yu)帶(dai)(dai),故(gu)名。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)下原為玉(yu)泉(quan)(quan)山泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)注入昆(kun)明湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)入水(shui)口(kou)。也是(shi)帝后乘(cheng)船至玉(yu)泉(quan)(quan)山的(de)(de)(de)通道。
玉(yu)帶橋為(wei)(wei)清乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)時建(jian)造,距今已有兩百(bai)多年的歷史。據說,乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)每次去西山必從此橋下經過,不僅因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這座(zuo)橋交通(tong)方便(bian),還因(yin)為(wei)(wei)它造型玲瓏秀美,深(shen)得(de)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)帝(di)(di)(di)喜(xi)愛(ai)。現(xian)在,橋頭還留有乾(qian)(qian)(qian)隆(long)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)的御題,東面是(shi)“螺黛—痕(hen)平鋪明(ming)月鏡,虹光百(bai)尺橫映水晶(jing)簾。”西面是(shi)“地到瀛洲星河天上(shang)近,景分(fen)蓬(peng)島宮(gong)闕水邊(bian)多。”