羅田(tian)巖(yan)石(shi)刻是于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)西(xi)省于(yu)(yu)都縣縣城貢(gong)江(jiang)南岸楂林村羅田(tian)巖(yan)景區內一處,重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)人文景點,據文獻記載,在羅田(tian)巖(yan)四周約2平方公(gong)里的(de)懸崖峭壁上分布(bu)著唐(tang)宋(song)以來歷代(dai)(dai)名人題刻100多品。但因年代(dai)(dai)久遠,不少石(shi)刻風化、剝落,加上“文革”期(qi)間又人為(wei)破壞,現能辨認、保護較好的(de)只有57品。
羅田巖(yan)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)主要分布在(zai)(zai)寺東(dong)(dong)懸(xuan)(xuan)崖(ya)和觀善(shan)巖(yan)懸(xuan)(xuan)崖(ya)上(shang)(shang)。寺東(dong)(dong)懸(xuan)(xuan)崖(ya)上(shang)(shang)能分辨的(de)(de)有15品,宋代石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)多(duo),目前(qian)發現(xian)早的(de)(de)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)宋皇祜三年(nian)(1051年(nian))石(shi)刻(ke)(ke),就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)這里(li)懸(xuan)(xuan)崖(ya)上(shang)(shang)。懸(xuan)(xuan)崖(ya)上(shang)(shang)端醒(xing)目的(de)(de)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke),宋代民(min)統英雄(xiong)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)的(de)(de)“天子(zi)萬年(nian)”題(ti)(ti)刻(ke)(ke)。南(nan)宋紹興(xing)三年(nian)(1133年(nian))岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)奉命(ming)“征(zheng)剿”農(nong)民(min)起義軍(jun)(jun)到(dao)(dao)了(le)于(yu)都,他(ta)首先到(dao)(dao)離縣(xian)城五(wu)里(li)的(de)(de)羅田巖(yan)來(lai)拜(bai)訪(fang)住(zhu)持黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi),預卜這次(ci)(ci)出征(zheng)的(de)(de)兇吉,黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi)毫不(bu)(bu)隱瞞地告訴他(ta):“岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)這次(ci)(ci)出兵必(bi)敗”,岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)聽了(le),心里(li)很(hen)不(bu)(bu)高興(xing),心想岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)所向披(pi)靡,人稱常(chang)勝軍(jun)(jun),這次(ci)(ci)出兵怎么(me)會失(shi)敗。后來(lai)正如(ru)黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi)所說,雖然(ran)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)家(jia)(jia)軍(jun)(jun)驍勇(yong)無比,但還是(shi)(shi)戰不(bu)(bu)獲勝,岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)心中暗(an)想,黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi)的(de)(de)話果(guo)(guo)然(ran)靈驗啊!戰后,岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)又到(dao)(dao)羅田巖(yan)去(qu)拜(bai)訪(fang)黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi)。黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi)早就(jiu)(jiu)料(liao)到(dao)(dao)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)會來(lai),就(jiu)(jiu)告訴寺內(nei)的(de)(de)僧徒說:“如(ru)果(guo)(guo)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)將軍(jun)(jun)來(lai)了(le),你們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)說為師(shi)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia)”。說完(wan)脫下身中袈裟披(pi)在(zai)(zai)座椅上(shang)(shang),走了(le)。岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)再次(ci)(ci)來(lai)到(dao)(dao)羅田巖(yan),遠遠地象(xiang)看見(jian)一(yi)(yi)只老虎蹲在(zai)(zai)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei),來(lai)到(dao)(dao)廟(miao)(miao)內(nei),向僧徒們(men)詢問(wen)黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)師(shi),大(da)家(jia)(jia)都說不(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)家(jia)(jia),也不(bu)(bu)知什(shen)么(me)時候才能回(hui)來(lai)。岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)飛(fei)聽囝,悵然(ran)萬分,于(yu)是(shi)(shi),提筆寫(xie)了(le)一(yi)(yi)首七絕詩《羅田巖(yan)訪(fang)黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪(chan)跡留題(ti)(ti)》,并揮(hui)筆題(ti)(ti)寫(xie)了(le)“天子(zi)萬年(nian)“這四個雄(xiong)渾蒼勁的(de)(de)大(da)字。在(zai)(zai)崖(ya)壁左側上(shang)(shang)部的(de)(de)“白云深處”,為元代書法家(jia)(jia)王懋德刻(ke)(ke)。
寺東崖壁(bi)(bi)往左延伸(shen)為善(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),這里不(bu)(bu)僅題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)分布集中(zhong),而且(qie)名(ming)人題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)多。現有(you)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)27品(pin),右側(ce)(ce)醒目的(de)(de)第1品(pin),蠅民族英雄文天(tian)祥在(zai)南(nan)宋(song)景(jing)炎二(er)年,(1299年)時(shi)率軍在(zai)于(yu)(yu)都抗擊(ji)元兵,大捷后,登(deng)游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)寫(xie)(xie)下了《集句(ju)大書羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)(bi)》詩(shi),詩(shi)為:“豈弟(di)君子,民之父(fu)母。靖共(gong)爾位,正直是(shi)與。無(wu)貳(er)無(wu)虞,上帝臨汝。”表(biao)達了作(zuo)忠貞不(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)堅強意志(zhi)和高尚情操。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壁(bi)(bi)中(zhong)部的(de)(de)一首七(qi)言絕句(ju)《游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)》題(ti)刻(ke)(ke),為北宋(song)哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)家時(shi)任虔州通的(de)(de)周(zhou)(zhou)敦(dun)頤,于(yu)(yu)嘉(jia)祜八年(1063年)正月祿七(qi),游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)題(ti)寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de),詞的(de)(de)內容為:“聞有(you)山巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)即去(qu)尋,亦(yi)躋云(yun)外(wai)松(song)陰,雖然未是(shi)洞中(zhong)境,且(qie)異人間(jian)名(ming)利心。”同年周(zhou)(zhou)敦(dun)頤作(zuo)《愛蓮說》并于(yu)(yu)五(wu)月十五(wu)日(ri),由縣令沈希顏(yan)書,五(wu)摶篆額,錢拓上石(shi)(shi),惜(xi)此石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)沒有(you)保(bao)存(cun)下來(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)敦(dun)頤題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)開創了羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)名(ming)人題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)先河(he),從此,羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)聲譽遠播,文官武將,騷人墨客,名(ming)家學(xue)(xue)者,有(you)的(de)(de)或攬(lan)勝觀(guan)景(jing),有(you)的(de)(de)或瞻仰唱和,歷代(dai)不(bu)(bu)衰。在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)敦(dun)頤題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)左側(ce)(ce)為岳飛(fei)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)《羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)訪(fang)黃(huang)龍舊跡(ji)留題(ti)》七(qi)絕詞:“手持(chi)杖訪(fang)黃(huang)友(you),舊穴只遺虎子。深鎖白(bai)去(qu)無(wu)覓(mi)處,半(ban)山松(song)竹(zhu)撼西風”。右側(ce)(ce)為北宋(song)書法(fa)家呈現鴻題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)《題(ti)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)》。位于(yu)(yu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)壁(bi)(bi)上部的(de)(de)《觀(guan)善(shan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)小序(xu)》的(de)(de)題(ti)刻(ke)(ke):“善(shan),吾性(xing)也。曰觀(guan)善(shan),取傳所謂相觀(guan)而善(shan)者也”,為明代(dai)大理學(xue)(xue)家五(wu)守仁途徑于(yu)(yu)都游(you)羅(luo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)題(ti)寫(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)。
此(ci)外,羅田(tian)巖石刻(ke)(ke)(ke)在寺(si)廟內的石壁上有12品(pin);南宋理學(xue)家朱熹題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)“居然仙境(jing)”就位于觀(guan)音殿;寺(si)西有清(qing)代于都縣張(zhang)湄題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)的“乳泉(quan)”1品(pin);山西有“別一(yi)洞天”題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)1品(pin);山北(bei)有“雩陽覽”題(ti)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)1品(pin)。
羅田巖石刻內容和(he)(he)形式繁多(duo),有詩詞、匾額、佛龕像記(ji),姓名等(deng)(deng),字體(ti)有楷書(shu)、行書(shu)、草書(shu)、隸書(shu)、篆(zhuan)書(shu)等(deng)(deng)。其中以(yi)正(zheng)楷和(he)(he)行書(shu)為多(duo),這(zhe)不(bu)僅是(shi)研究我國書(shu)法石刻藝術的實物資(zi)料,也是(shi)研究贛南(nan)政(zheng)治、經濟、文化(hua)等(deng)(deng)不(bu)可多(duo)得的珍貴(gui)資(zi)料,是(shi)一份(fen)珍貴(gui)的歷史文化(hua)遺(yi)產。