簡介
富春江景區(qu)以(yi)奇山(shan)(shan)(shan)異水聞(wen)名(ming)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)天子崗可(ke)謂(wei)奇山(shan)(shan)(shan)了(le)。申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屬富陽(yang)(yang)市,在富春江南(nan)岸,離(li)東梓(zi)只有(you)三(san)公(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右。宋(song)朝人陳剛(gang)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)《申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)記(ji)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)篇,說這個山(shan)(shan)(shan)“峰巒(luan)重(zhong)復,端若拱揖(yi),應接不(bu)暇。湍水怪石,神刻鬼劃,千(qian)巧(qiao)萬(wan)狀。中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)平(ping)田,如設萬(wan)席(xi)。挺然僧寺,出于(yu)林表。佳木修竹,左(zuo)右交翠。此申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)剛(gang)違新室(王莽篡漢(han)(han),改(gai)國號為(wei)新)之禍,申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)蟠晦黨錮之名(ming),避地結廬,于(yu)今千(qian)載,子孫因家焉。支(zhi)派分衍(yan),至百(bai)余室。因姓而(er)(er)名(ming)其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)之陽(yang)(yang)復以(yi)申屠(tu)(tu)(tu)志其(qi)地。”原來(lai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)古廟名(ming)大(da)雄(xiong)寺,建于(yu)唐(tang)(tang)長興三(san)年。唐(tang)(tang)末(mo)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)僧禪(chan)月尊者,曾在寺內畫十(shi)六(liu)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(羅(luo)漢(han)(han)系印度傳入,本來(lai)只有(you)十(shi)六(liu),宋(song)時(shi)有(you)人添加了(le)兩個,從此變成十(shi)八),栩栩如生。據傳第十(shi)六(liu)尊,還(huan)是照著(zhu)他(ta)自(zi)己的(de)相貌畫的(de)。這位高(gao)僧不(bu)僅善畫,而(er)(er)且工詩(shi)。剛(gang)到(dao)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou),住在給(gei)事中(zhong)(zhong)羅(luo)隱家里(li),作詩(shi)甚多(duo),中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)名(ming)句“一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓶一(yi)(yi)(yi)缽垂(chui)垂(chui)老,千(qian)水千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)得得來(lai)”。羅(luo)甚為(wei)贊賞,推薦給(gei)吳(wu)(wu)越王錢(qian)镠(liu)。錢(qian)镠(liu)見其(qi)所獻詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)句“一(yi)(yi)(yi)劍寒霜(shuang)十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”,就命人請他(ta)把“十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”改(gai)成“四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)州(zhou)(zhou)”。因為(wei)當(dang)時(shi)唐(tang)(tang)室凌(ling)替,群雄(xiong)并(bing)起(qi),錢(qian)镠(liu)在占領吳(wu)(wu)越十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)(zhou)之后,想南(nan)取王審知的(de)福州(zhou)(zhou),北取楊行密(mi)的(de)揚(yang)州(zhou)(zhou),拓“十(shi)四(si)(si)(si)州(zhou)(zhou)”為(wei)“四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)州(zhou)(zhou)”。原本以(yi)為(wei)自(zi)己貴為(wei)王侯,叫一(yi)(yi)(yi)個討(tao)飯(fan)和(he)尚改(gai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)句詩(shi),自(zi)不(bu)在話下(xia)。哪里(li)知道(dao)這位禪(chan)月和(he)尚,偏偏不(bu)買他(ta)的(de)賬,答道(dao):“州(zhou)(zhou)亦(yi)不(bu)可(ke)添,詩(shi)亦(yi)不(bu)可(ke)改(gai)。孤(gu)云野鶴,何天不(bu)可(ke)飛?”說完(wan)拿了(le)錫(xi)杖,離(li)開杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)(zhou),就到(dao)此山(shan)(shan)(shan),在大(da)雄(xiong)寺內留下(xia)真跡。
天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)崗一名(ming)白鶴峰(feng)(feng)。因山(shan)(shan)(shan)石皆烏色,奇(qi)形怪(guai)狀,又名(ming)烏石山(shan)(shan)(shan),離東梓關五公(gong)里(li)左(zuo)右,同申屠山(shan)(shan)(shan)遙(yao)遙(yao)相對。這(zhe)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)原本(ben)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)什么大(da)名(ming)氣,后來東漢孝子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)(sun)鐘把母(mu)親(qin)葬(zang)(zang)在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)。孫(sun)(sun)鐘者(zhe),孫(sun)(sun)堅(jian)的(de)爸爸,孫(sun)(sun)策、孫(sun)(sun)權的(de)爺爺也。因為(wei)孫(sun)(sun)子(zi)(zi)做了(le)皇帝,有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)就(jiu)說祖母(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)地方風水好,所以(yi)(yi)就(jiu)稱(cheng)(cheng)之為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)崗了(le)。妙就(jiu)妙在(zai)這(zhe)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是這(zhe)一帶的(de)最高峰(feng)(feng),頂(ding)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一塊大(da)平地。站在(zai)崗上(shang)近覷(qu):群山(shan)(shan)(shan)環(huan)(huan)繞腳下,有(you)(you)(you)似百官(guan)朝(chao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi),倒有(you)(you)(you)點(dian)“碧眼兒坐領江(jiang)東”的(de)氣概;遠眺:江(jiang)水曲曲彎彎,大(da)桐洲上(shang)綠(lv)(lv)樹環(huan)(huan)繞,桃(tao)花盛開(kai)季節,堆錦疊繡,五彩繽紛,使人(ren)眼花繚亂。環(huan)(huan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)四周,有(you)(you)(you)大(da)批名(ming)勝古(gu)跡,如小蓬萊、仙人(ren)洞、百步山(shan)(shan)(shan)、樂村廟、天(tian)(tian)(tian)香寺等數(shu)十(shi)處,不知道(dao)目前怎樣了(le)。桐廬江(jiang)景,自古(gu)稱(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)煙(yan)雨(yu)。每當細雨(yu)霏(fei)霏(fei)的(de)時(shi)候(hou),坐船在(zai)江(jiang)面(mian)上(shang)駛(shi)過,近覷(qu),水面(mian)漣(lian)漪回環(huan)(huan)不絕,山(shan)(shan)(shan)影(ying)樹影(ying)連成一片,無風自搖;遠看,“綠(lv)(lv)樹蒼煙(yan)望欲迷”,但(dan)見遠山(shan)(shan)(shan)長,云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)亂,近山(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)。加之岸邊幾個(ge)釣(diao)客身披雨(yu)衣,執竿凝神而坐,儼(yan)然一幅絕妙的(de)“春江(jiang)煙(yan)雨(yu)圖(tu)”。江(jiang)岸上(shang)峭壁高聳,群山(shan)(shan)(shan)連綿不絕:牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)(shan),又名(ming)牌(pai)門(men)山(shan)(shan)(shan),從東到西,恰(qia)巧十(shi)里(li),所以(yi)(yi)又稱(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)里(li)牌(pai)門(men);內逼(bi)山(shan)(shan)(shan),外瞰江(jiang),山(shan)(shan)(shan)路崎嶇屈曲,古(gu)為(wei)閩廣皖浙通道(dao),現在(zai)已經修鳥道(dao)為(wei)公(gong)路。金雞山(shan)(shan)(shan),極似公(gong)雞,古(gu)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)詩:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)金雞種(zhong),何(he)時(shi)墜此山(shan)(shan)(shan)?只因鳴有(you)(you)(you)信(xin),流落在(zai)人(ren)間。”
過了(le)十(shi)(shi)里(li)牌門(men)(men),可見富(fu)春(chun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)橫截在江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)面(mian)上(shang),此壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高36米,是新(xin)安江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)的(de)三分之一(yi)多點。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)內壩(ba)(ba)(ba)外(wai),水(shui)(shui)(shui)位相(xiang)差(cha)二三十(shi)(shi)米。船(chuan)過大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),先要進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)內船(chuan)塢,然(ran)后(hou)關上(shang)后(hou)閘門(men)(men)放水(shui)(shui)(shui),等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漲船(chuan)高,與壩(ba)(ba)(ba)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)平(ping)齊,前閘門(men)(men)才徐(xu)徐(xu)落入(ru)(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中,船(chuan)即穿閘門(men)(men)駛入(ru)(ru)(ru)富(fu)春(chun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。穿壩(ba)(ba)(ba)而出,便進(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)一(yi)個“神仙世界”:富(fu)春(chun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)最主要的(de)風景區——嚴(yan)子陵(ling)釣臺(tai)(tai)。這里(li)原名(ming)嚴(yan)瀨。上(shang)世紀60年代,利用兩山夾峙的(de)自(zi)然(ran)條(tiao)件,建設富(fu)春(chun)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站,修(xiu)了(le)一(yi)個水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),灘深流急的(de)嚴(yan)瀨,便成了(le)一(yi)個波平(ping)如鏡的(de)人工湖(hu)。船(chuan)就(jiu)停在離水(shui)(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)一(yi)里(li)多路的(de)地方。原來沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)有一(yi)條(tiao)小路直通(tong)釣臺(tai)(tai),修(xiu)了(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),路已淹沒,去釣臺(tai)(tai)必須坐蘆茨公社(she)的(de)渡船(chuan),在水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)上(shang)行三四里(li),方到達釣臺(tai)(tai)腳下。
所謂釣(diao)臺(tai),其實是突出富(fu)春山腰的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)塊(kuai)大磐石(shi)(shi),高(gao)度相(xiang)仿,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)對峙,天造地設(she),確是天下少(shao)見(jian)。富(fu)春山一(yi)名(ming)嚴陵山,在(zai)(zai)桐廬縣城西(xi)(xi)四(si)十里(li)。山高(gao)193米,迤邐七里(li)。《圖(tu)經》上(shang)說:“嚴陵山清(qing)麗奇絕,號錦(jin)峰繡嶺。”凡(fan)是到(dao)過此(ci)地的(de)(de)(de)人,都認為這(zhe)(zhe)八個字并非(fei)過譽。連接東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)條山脊(ji)上(shang),中間有一(yi)石(shi)(shi)亭(ting)(ting),用(yong)七八十塊(kuai)條石(shi)(shi)砌嵌而成,不用(yong)一(yi)根木料,也不用(yong)一(yi)點水(shui)泥。長方形,面積約二十平方,式樣樸素大方。這(zhe)(zhe)就是過去的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)清(qing)亭(ting)(ting)。據了解,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)釣(diao)臺(tai)上(shang)面原(yuan)來都沒有建筑。一(yi)直到(dao)明朝(chao)正統元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1436年(nian)(nian)(nian)),嚴州知府(fu)在(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)臺(tai)各建一(yi)亭(ting)(ting),刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)為額,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曰“不事王(wang)侯”,西(xi)(xi)曰“高(gao)尚其志(zhi)”,明末被(bei)毀(hui)。到(dao)清(qing)乾隆十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1754年(nian)(nian)(nian)),再(zai)由羅氏兄弟(di)復建。西(xi)(xi)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)上(shang)石(shi)(shi)額改為“留絲一(yi)鼎”,東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)上(shang)石(shi)(shi)額改為“垂竿百尺”。后來,西(xi)(xi)臺(tai)亭(ting)(ting)又壞掉,到(dao)民國初年(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)重建。除這(zhe)(zhe)兩(liang)個石(shi)(shi)亭(ting)(ting)外,1925年(nian)(nian)(nian)廣東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)人陳煥之(zhi)又在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個山脊(ji)上(shang)建了這(zhe)(zhe)個雙(shuang)清(qing)亭(ting)(ting)。現在(zai)(zai)亭(ting)(ting)上(shang)石(shi)(shi)額已被(bei)砸毀(hui)。左(zuo)右石(shi)(shi)柱上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)對聯,字跡(ji)約略可辨(bian):“遠道息塵(chen)勞(lao),向(xiang)此(ci)間坐石(shi)(shi)看云,放(fang)懷宇宙;高(gao)臺(tai)瞻勝(sheng)跡(ji),羨(xian)當日耕山釣(diao)水(shui),俯視王(wang)侯。”
極目遠(yuan)(yuan)望東南,這一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)最高峰(feng)高龍門直沖云(yun)霄,峰(feng)頸白(bai)云(yun)繚繞;峰(feng)前峰(feng)左峰(feng)右,群山(shan)(shan)環抱;最多的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方,有(you)六(liu)重(zhong)山(shan)(shan),層層相疊。遠(yuan)(yuan)處(chu)天(tian)邊,白(bai)云(yun)破處(chu),一(yi)(yi)抹(mo)藍(lan)天(tian),晶瑩澄澈,似藍(lan)非藍(lan),似青(qing)非青(qing)。夕(xi)陽返照,光怪陸離,遠(yuan)(yuan)遠(yuan)(yuan)望去,似有(you)仙子乘鸞來去。正南,山(shan)(shan)坡上遍種橘樹。迤西,也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)接一(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan),一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)連一(yi)(yi)峰(feng),山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)俱青(qing),峰(feng)峰(feng)皆秀。“錦峰(feng)繡(xiu)嶺”,果然(ran)名不虛傳(chuan)。俯視(shi)腳下,一(yi)(yi)條清江,依山(shan)(shan)而流;萬頃碧波,風(feng)(feng)平浪靜;幾點白(bai)帆,飄蕩其間。黃公望的(de)(de)(de)杰作《富春山(shan)(shan)居圖》將此(ci)情此(ci)景描繪得恰到好處(chu)。雖然(ran)時(shi)隔七百年,眼下的(de)(de)(de)清江已非昔日的(de)(de)(de)急流,但是(shi),風(feng)(feng)景、意境依然(ran)未變。“人在(zai)畫圖中”,古(gu)人言之(zhi)有(you)理。