一.產品介紹
香菇是汝陽縣南部山(shan)區的(de)特產。
香菇功效:
香(xiang)菇營養價值:每百克鮮香(xiang)菇中(zhong),含(han)有蛋(dan)白質(zhi)12—14克,遠遠超過一般植物性食物的(de)(de)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含(han)量;含(han)碳水化(hua)合物59.3克,鈣124毫(hao)克,磷(lin)415毫(hao)克,鐵(tie)25.3毫(hao)克;還含(han)有多糖類(lei)、維(wei)生(sheng)素B1、維(wei)生(sheng)素B2、維(wei)生(sheng)素C等。干香(xiang)菇的(de)(de)水浸物中(zhong)有組氨酸、丙(bing)氨酸、苯丙(bing)氨酸、亮氨酸、纈(xie)氨酸、天門冬(dong)氨酸及天門冬(dong)素、乙酰胺、膽堿、腺(xian)嘌呤待成(cheng)分。
藥用(yong)價值:近年來,美國科學家發現香菇(gu)中含(han)(han)有(you)一(yi)種“β-葡(pu)萄(tao)糖苷酶”,這種物(wu)質有(you)明顯的(de)加強(qiang)機體(ti)(ti)抗癌(ai)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),所含(han)(han)香菇(gu)多糖或香菇(gu)水解提取物(wu)對癌(ai)有(you)高效(xiao)抑(yi)制作(zuo)用(yong),抑(yi)癌(ai)率達50%,因此,人們把香菇(gu)稱(cheng)為“抗癌(ai)新兵”。香菇(gu)具有(you)調節人體(ti)(ti)新陳代謝、幫助消化、降低(di)血壓、減少(shao)膽(dan)固(gu)醇(chun)、預防肝硬變、消除膽(dan)結石、防治佝僂病(bing)等(deng)功效(xiao)。
怎樣鑒別香菇質量(liang)?
(1)看(kan)形狀:傘柄肥(fei)厚,只大(da)均(jun)勻、粗(cu)壯,反(fan)之為次。
(2)看顏色(se)(se):色(se)(se)澤黃褐(閩產為黑褐色(se)(se)),菌傘下有褶(zhe)裥(jian),緊密細白為優,反之(zhi)為次。
此外(wai),在挑(tiao)選香(xiang)(xiang)菇時,首(shou)先(xian)應先(xian)鑒別其香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)如何,可用手指(zhi)壓(ya)住菇傘(san),然(ran)后聞一聞,以(yi)香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei)純正(zheng)的為(wei)上品。傘(san)背以(yi)呈黃色或(huo)白色為(wei)佳,呈茶褐(he)色或(huo)摻(chan)雜(za)黑色則為(wei)次(ci)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)、pH值(zhi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力狀況(kuang)和(he)(he)地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)等(deng)典型(xing)特(te)(te)征(zheng)。 汝陽(yang)香菇主要分布在(zai)南部山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),屬(shu)秦嶺余脈、外(wai)方山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)主要是(shi)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu),其次是(shi)石(shi)質土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗骨土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚(hou)度(du)多數在(zai)80cm以上。PH值(zhi)6.1~7.2之間,有機(ji)質含(han)量11.1~31.3g/kg,全氮含(han)量為0.54~2.75g/kg,有效(xiao)磷含(han)量12.5~33.4g/kg,速效(xiao)鉀含(han)量71~378mg/kg,富(fu)含(han)多種微(wei)量元(yuan)素,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)相(xiang)對(dui)疏松。森林覆蓋率(lv)88%。環(huan)境優良,零工業,無污染。海(hai)拔在(zai)1000-1600米。 (2)水(shui)文情況(kuang):包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)水(shui)系、水(shui)源和(he)(he)水(shui)質情況(kuang)及影響因(yin)子。 保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)境內流(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)分屬(shu)黃、淮兩大(da)流(liu)域(yu),其中(zhong)杜康河(he)水(shui)質優良,富(fu)含(han)人體所(suo)需的(de)微(wei)量元(yuan)素,其地(di)下(xia)水(shui)蘊藏豐富(fu),充足的(de)水(shui)資源為汝陽(yang)甪里艾提供了(le)良好的(de)灌溉。 (3)氣(qi)候情況(kuang):包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)季(ji)風、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、日照(zhao)和(he)(he)降水(shui)等(deng)特(te)(te)殊(shu)氣(qi)候因(yin)子。 汝陽(yang)縣(xian)地(di)處東亞中(zhong)緯(wei)度(du)地(di)帶,屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤(run)季(ji)風區(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)陸性季(ji)風氣(qi)候 。其特(te)(te)點:光照(zhao)充足,氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he),四(si)季(ji)分明。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均≧0℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5181℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)14.0℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降水(shui)量673.1mm,無霜期213天左右;年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均日照(zhao)時數為2164小時。冬季(ji)寒冷少雨(yu)雪(xue),春(chun)季(ji)干旱多風,夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱多雨(yu),秋季(ji)天高氣(qi)爽,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da),有利于香菇有機(ji)物質積(ji)累。
三.地域范圍
汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇地域保(bao)護(hu)范圍為(wei)河南(nan)省洛陽市汝(ru)(ru)陽縣境內,涉及(ji)城(cheng)關(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、上店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、柏(bo)樹鄉、十八(ba)盤(pan)鄉、付店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、靳村鄉、三屯鎮(zhen)(zhen)、劉店(dian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王坪(ping)鄉共9個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)129個行政村。汝(ru)(ru)陽香(xiang)菇保(bao)護(hu)范圍地理(li)坐標為(wei)東經112°8′—112 °38′,北緯(wei)33°49′—34°21′之(zhi)間,生產規(gui)模1100公頃,年產量 3萬噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特(te)(te)征(zheng):是(shi)指通(tong)過人(ren)的(de)(de)感(gan)官(視覺(jue)、味覺(jue)、嗅覺(jue)、觸覺(jue)等)能夠感(gan)知(zhi)、感(gan)受(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊品(pin)質及風(feng)味特(te)(te)征(zheng)。 汝陽香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)形(xing)圓整、美觀,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)肉厚,自然(ran)花菇(gu)(gu)(gu)率(lv)高(gao)。鮮(xian)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)呈扁半(ban)球形(xing)稍平展或傘(san)形(xing),傘(san)柄(bing)長度小于(yu)或等于(yu)菌蓋直徑,顏色(se)(se)分別為菌蓋淡褐色(se)(se)至褐色(se)(se)。菌褶(zhe)乳白略(lve)帶淡黃色(se)(se),菌肉致密、韌性好、潤爽,具有(you)香(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)特(te)(te)有(you)的(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)味。 (2)內在品(pin)質特(te)(te)征(zheng):是(shi)指需要(yao)通(tong)過儀器檢測的(de)(de)可量化的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)理化指標。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)與(yu)特(te)殊內(nei)(nei)(nei)容規定(ding) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)必(bi)須符合《無公害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)(tiao)件(NY/T2375-2013)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 栽(zai)培(pei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian) 菌(jun)(jun)袋(dai)制作(zuo)在(zai)當(dang)年(nian)12月至第二年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3月下(xia)旬,采(cai)(cai)摘期(qi)(qi)在(zai)9月-第二年(nian)3月之間(jian)(jian)。 (2)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)與(yu)特(te)定(ding)要(yao)求 汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),抗(kang)逆性(xing)強、耐病性(xing)好、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)939、9608為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li),包括農業投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規定(ding)。 汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)農業部發(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《無公害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)食用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)(NY/T2375-2013)》操作(zuo),尤其(qi)要(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)以下(xia)環(huan)節。 A 培(pei)養料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配制 栓皮(pi)(pi)櫟(li)(li)(li)、麻(ma)櫟(li)(li)(li)、鋭齒槲櫟(li)(li)(li)、槲櫟(li)(li)(li)、青(qing)岡櫟(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)殼斗科樹材做雜(za)木屑,以木屑77%、麩皮(pi)(pi)20%、石(shi)膏2%、糖(tang)1%配方(fang)配袋(dai)料(liao)(liao)基質(zhi)(zhi)。 B 菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)場地(di)(di)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)地(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦,水源(yuan)充足(zu)、水質(zhi)(zhi)良好、水溫較(jiao)低(di)、排灌(guan)方(fang)便,周圍(wei)環(huan)境(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光照(zhao)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)短(duan),晝夜(ye)(ye)溫差大(da)(da),沒有白蟻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊,菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚高(gao)2.5米。 C 出(chu)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)期(qi)(qi)管(guan)理(li)(li) 秋菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)(li)以培(pei)育厚(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)檔花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)措施(shi)是:適(shi)當(dang)疏(shu)(shu)蕾(lei),要(yao)疏(shu)(shu)小(xiao)留(liu)大(da)(da),疏(shu)(shu)弱留(liu)壯,達到(dao)稀(xi)密適(shi)中(zhong),培(pei)育厚(hou)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),白天(tian)揭膜通風、增光,夜(ye)(ye)晚蓋(gai)(gai)膜防潮。 D 冬菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)管(guan)理(li)(li)是培(pei)育花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有利時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),采(cai)(cai)取浸水與(yu)催蕾(lei)、蹲菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)催花(hua)、間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)養菌(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)措施(shi),培(pei)育出(chu)2-3茬優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。 (4)病蟲(chong)害防治(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蟲(chong)害也是影(ying)響汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)因素,因此,采(cai)(cai)取合適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法去防治(zhi)這些蟲(chong)害是香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)工作(zuo)。 A 環(huan)境(jing)上(shang)(shang)(shang)防控(kong):棚室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)及周圍(wei)環(huan)境(jing)應保(bao)持(chi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凈整潔(jie)(jie),室(shi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)面(mian)要(yao)撒施(shi)石(shi)灰粉(fen)吸潮,并定(ding)期(qi)(qi)打殺蟲(chong)劑。菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)棚或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)盡量(liang)(liang)遠離飼養場垃(la)圾(ji)場等(deng)(deng)環(huan)境(jing)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang),以避免蟲(chong)害的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播。 B 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)節上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防控(kong):原料(liao)(liao)在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)暴曬(shai)(shai)、發(fa)酵等(deng)(deng)處理(li)(li)措施(shi)。拌料(liao)(liao)時(shi)(shi)注(zhu)意選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)潔(jie)(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水源(yuan),在(zai)制作(zuo)菌(jun)(jun)袋(dai)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)扎緊(jin)料(liao)(liao)袋(dai)口,并徹底消毒。 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病害防治(zhi)以預(yu)防為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),注(zhu)意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植栽(zai)培(pei)場所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境(jing)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),降低(di)環(huan)境(jing)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)數量(liang)(liang),嚴格(ge)控(kong)制香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個環(huan)節,盡量(liang)(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)健(jian)壯、高(gao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),提高(gao)菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)雜(za)菌(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li),規范(fan)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操作(zuo)流程(cheng)(cheng),避免在(zai)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)遭遇污染,強化菌(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)檢查,對被污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)袋(dai)應及時(shi)(shi)清理(li)(li)。 (5)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)收獲及處理(li)(li) A 采(cai)(cai)收時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi):汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)長(chang)到(dao)七、八成熟,即菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)邊(bian)緣向(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)卷(juan) , 菌(jun)(jun)膜剛破(po)裂時(shi)(shi),采(cai)(cai)收最適(shi)宜。 B 香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):是排除(chu)體內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水份,達到(dao)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)度(含(han)水量(liang)(liang)13% ),以利長(chang)期(qi)(qi)保(bao)存。其(qi)方(fang)法: 曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):把鮮香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),菌(jun)(jun)柄向(xiang)下(xia),一(yi)個個不(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)疊地(di)(di)排列入(ru)簾(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang),曬(shai)(shai)到(dao)體干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi),倒過(guo)(guo)(guo)來(lai)再(zai)曬(shai)(shai),一(yi)般曬(shai)(shai)到(dao)三(san)天(tian)即可曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),曬(shai)(shai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素含(han)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)高(gao)。(建議刪除(chu)此段,因為(wei)(wei)沒有商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)價值) 烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan):按香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)小(xiao)和(he)(he)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)濕程(cheng)(cheng)度,大(da)(da)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放上(shang)(shang)(shang)層,小(xiao)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放下(xia)層,菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),菌(jun)(jun)褶向(xiang)下(xia),烘烤的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫度從30℃開始,每小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)提高(gao)1-2℃,升到(dao)60℃再(zai)降溫到(dao)52~55℃,直至烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),烘出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味濃,質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)好。注(zhu)意事項(xiang):對于(yu)含(han)水量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),如淋雨(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、氣(qi)溫偏高(gao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)(deng),要(yao)求在(zai)烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)初始階段,適(shi)當(dang)延(yan)長(chang)在(zai)較(jiao)低(di)溫度下(xia)保(bao)持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),之后(hou),再(zai)進(jin)入(ru)正常烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)節奏,以確保(bao)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。 C 級別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen):將采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)按菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)直徑大(da)(da)小(xiao), 5-8cm 為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)號(hao);3-5cm 為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)號(hao); 2-3cm 為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)號(hao),菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丁(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)蓋(gai)(gai)直徑在(zai)2cm 以下(xia),應分(fen)類存貯,便于(yu)銷售(shou)。 采(cai)(cai)收后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)應及時(shi)(shi)分(fen)類制干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)密封入(ru)庫,不(bu)能(neng)雨(yu)淋,不(bu)返潮,以保(bao)持(chi)其(qi)固(gu)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)澤、香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味,不(bu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)霉變。同時(shi)(shi)必(bi)須要(yao)求在(zai)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥、潔(jie)(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件下(xia)進(jin)行分(fen)級、包裝,銷售(shou)。 (6)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求 汝(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)菇(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng),要(yao)建立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、投入(ru)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)記(ji)錄檔案,專人負責,全(quan)面(mian)記(ji)載每個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)環(huan)節技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)并妥善保(bao)存,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
(1)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香菇的(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)者在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前須向登(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有人提交(jiao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)申請書(shu)(shu)、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)者資(zi)質(zhi)證明、生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)計(ji)劃和相應(ying)質(zhi)量控制措(cuo)施(shi)、規范使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)面承(cheng)諾以及(ji)其他必要(yao)的(de)證明文件和材料。 (2)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)審核符合標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件的(de),汝(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有人按照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)年度與標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)申請人簽訂農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi),在(zai)協議(yi)中載明標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數量、范圍(wei)及(ji)相關(guan)責任義(yi)務。 (3)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)協議(yi)生效(xiao)后,標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人方可(ke)在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝物上使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),并(bing)可(ke)以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)登(deng)記(ji)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)宣傳和參(can)加展(zhan)覽(lan)、展(zhan)示及(ji)展(zhan)銷活動(dong)。 (4)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人要(yao)建立農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an),如實記(ji)載地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情(qing)況,并(bing)接受登(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有人的(de)監督。 (5)汝(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)香菇農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)檔案(an)需保存五年,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)登(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)(shu)持(chi)有人和標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人不(bu)得超范圍(wei)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)登(deng)記(ji)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),任何單位和個(ge)人不(bu)得冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。