一.產品介紹
簡介
菊(ju)花芯柚(you)果(guo)實闊倒卵形,果(guo)形微偏微凹,果(guo)臍部有(you)放射狀溝(gou)紋,似菊(ju)花形而(er)得名。果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)深(shen)紅色,紅晶(jing)透亮,肉(rou)(rou)質脆嫩(nen),風味(wei)濃美,化渣爽口(kou),甜酸適口(kou),營養豐富,耐貯(zhu)耐運,品質優良。自問世(shi)以來(lai),一直被(bei)譽(yu)為柚(you)中珍(zhen)品,擁有(you)天然“水果(guo)罐頭”之美稱。2007年度(du)張家(jia)界菊(ju)花芯柚(you)榮獲(huo)全市柑桔(jie)鑒評“優質獎”。
形態特征
張家界菊花芯柚屬于蕓香科柚類,葉型長橢圓形,樹勢強健,常綠喬木,樹冠自然圓頭形,樹姿開張,花瓣肥厚呈白色,花大。總狀花序或穗狀花序,以無葉花序居多,經濟壽命100年左右。據測定:內含可溶性固形物10.5-11.6%;每100克果汁中含總糖7.86克(ke)(ke)(ke),還原糖2.80克(ke)(ke)(ke),含(han)總酸0.68克(ke)(ke)(ke),含(han)維生素C100.53毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),含(han)鈣28.43毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),含(han)鐵0.092毫克(ke)(ke)(ke),含(han)鋅1.05毫克(ke)(ke)(ke)。具有降血(xue)壓、降血(xue)脂、減(jian)血(xue)栓、助(zhu)消化、止咳化痰、健(jian)脾、減(jian)肥美容(rong)等功效。
菊花芯(xin)柚(you)屬(shu)于中熟品種,11月下旬至(zhi)12上(shang)旬成熟采收上(shang)市,極耐貯運。果(guo)實(shi)采收后在常溫(wen)下貯藏(zang)210-260天仍可保持優良(liang)品質,無粒化,肉脆(cui)味(wei)美。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特征與土壤環(huan)境:永定區(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)武陵(ling)山(shan)脈腹地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)以山(shan)丘為主,地(di)(di)(di)勢是南、北部高往澧(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)流域傾斜,中部低(di)洼(wa)。張家界菊花(hua)芯柚(you)主產(chan)區(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)澧(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)流域海拔100m-300m之間(jian)低(di)丘、平(ping)(ping)原地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai),土質(zhi)肥沃(wo)、透氣(qi)、保水(shui)(shui)、保肥,pH值在4.5~8.0之間(jian),有(you)機質(zhi)含量11~70g/㎏,全(quan)氮(dan)0.85~2.90g/㎏,堿解(jie)氮(dan)55~280㎎/㎏,有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)磷7.5~120㎎/㎏,速效(xiao)(xiao)鉀(jia)35~320㎎/㎏,富含多種(zhong)礦物元素,結構疏松,是張家界菊花(hua)芯柚(you)生長(chang)的獨特土壤條(tiao)件(jian)。 (2)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況(kuang):產(chan)區(qu)屬(shu)中亞熱帶(dai)(dai)山(shan)原型季風濕潤氣(qi)候(hou)(hou),溫(wen)度適宜,雨(yu)量充(chong)沛,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,四季分明。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)16.8℃,1月平(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度≥4℃,絕(jue)對最低(di)溫(wen)度≥-3.5℃,≥10℃的年(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)4800℃以上,年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量1400mm,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)1450 h以上,這(zhe)種(zhong)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)環(huan)境非常適合(he)張家界菊花(hua)芯柚(you)的生長(chang)。 (3)水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):永定區(qu)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)澧(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)河中上游,澧(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)流貫(guan)全(quan)境,全(quan)長(chang)91公(gong)里。沿河兩岸有(you)許多蓄、引水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程,與大(da)小山(shan)塘、河壩、水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)渠(qu)道相通(tong),柚(you)園內有(you)大(da)小蓄水(shui)(shui)池、引水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(溝)相連,地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好,清澈透明,為張家界菊花(hua)芯柚(you)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)提供了十(shi)分有(you)利的灌溉條(tiao)件(jian)。
三.地域范圍
張家(jia)界菊花芯柚農產品地(di)理標(biao)志地(di)域保護范圍包括永定(ding)區(qu)西溪坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、陽湖坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、楓(feng)香(xiang)崗街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、后坪(ping)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、沙堤(di)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)、茅巖(yan)河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、合作橋鄉、尹(yin)家(jia)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、教(jiao)字埡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、橋頭鄉11個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)街道(dao)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。地(di)理坐標(biao)位于:東經110°17′00.0″-110°38′17.4″,北緯(wei)29°05′39.2″-29°12′22.1″。基地(di)總生產面積1333.3公頃,年總產量30000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官特征(zheng):張(zhang)家界菊(ju)花芯(xin)柚果(guo)(guo)(guo)實闊(kuo)倒卵形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂微扁(bian)微凹(ao),果(guo)(guo)(guo)臍部有(you)放射(she)狀(zhuang)溝紋,似菊(ju)花形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)面色(se)澤(ze)淡黃色(se),較光滑,白皮層微帶紅暈,不易剝離,囊瓣腎形(xing)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉淡紅,肉質脆嫩化(hua)渣,甜酸可口(kou),風味濃。 (2)內在品質指標:可溶性固形(xing)物含(han)(han)量≥10.5 %,可滴定酸≤0.4g/100g,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉含(han)(han)維(wei)生素C≥25.0mg/100g。 (3)安(an)全要求:符合GB2762和GB2763等規(gui)定。
五.特定生產方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 張家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)基(ji)地(di)應(ying)遠離(li)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、村(cun)莊和(he)(he)(he)(he)住宅區,附近沒有(you)污(wu)染源,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)澧水流域(yu)海拔100m-300m之間(jian)低丘、平原(yuan)地(di)帶,坡(po)度(du)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)25°以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)河流沖積沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu),pH值6.5—7.5,地(di)下(xia)(xia)水位(wei)離(li)地(di)面(mian)1m以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)符合(he)NY/391-2013綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 (2)砧木(mu)、接(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)與栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu) 適(shi)宜張家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)砧木(mu)有(you)枳砧和(he)(he)(he)(he)酸柚(you)(you),接(jie)(jie)穗(sui)(sui)來源張家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)原(yuan)種園(yuan),苗木(mu)質(zhi)量(liang)按(an)(an)GB/T9659《柑桔(jie)嫁接(jie)(jie)苗分(fen)級及(ji)(ji)檢驗》執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),提(ti)倡栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脫毒容器苗。容器苗可全(quan)(quan)年栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),裸根(gen)苗栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)10月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)~11月(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)秋梢(shao)(shao)(shao)老熟后(hou)(hou)或(huo)2月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)~3月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)春梢(shao)(shao)(shao)萌芽(ya)前(qian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)度(du)枳砧嫁接(jie)(jie)苗平地(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)44株(zhu)(zhu)﹙5m×3m﹚,坡(po)地(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)55株(zhu)(zhu)﹙4m×3m﹚;酸柚(you)(you)砧嫁苗平地(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)33株(zhu)(zhu)﹙5m×4m﹚;坡(po)地(di)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)畝(mu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)42株(zhu)(zhu)﹙4m×4m﹚。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)掉根(gen)系(xi)彎曲部(bu)分(fen),舒展根(gen)系(xi),再放入定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu),邊(bian)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)邊(bian)向上(shang)輕提(ti),使(shi)根(gen)系(xi)充分(fen)與定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he),并扶正、踏(ta)緊,使(shi)根(gen)頸部(bu)應(ying)稍(shao)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)地(di)面(mian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)柚(you)(you)子苗基(ji)部(bu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)徑100cm左右樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan),灌(guan)足定(ding)(ding)(ding)根(gen)水。用(yong)(yong)(yong)安江糯米柚(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),按(an)(an)10:1的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例配(pei)置。 (3)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)管(guan)理(li) ①土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)管(guan)理(li) 間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)或(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao):柚(you)(you)園(yuan)提(ti)倡生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei),草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種以(yi)(yi)(yi)三葉(xie)草(cao)、黑麥(mai)草(cao)等(deng)為(wei)宜;幼(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、黃(huang)豆、西瓜、蔬菜等(deng)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)。草(cao)類(lei)或(huo)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刈(yi)割翻埋于(yu)(yu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)于(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)。 覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)與培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu):封行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)于(yu)(yu)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年5月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai),用(yong)(yong)(yong)雜草(cao)、稻草(cao)、作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)莖桿(gan)將(jiang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)下(xia)(xia)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)蓋(gai)(gai)上(shang);高(gao)溫(wen)或(huo)干(gan)(gan)旱季節,提(ti)倡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)內(nei)(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)秸桿(gan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai),厚度(du)10~15cm,覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)物(wu)應(ying)與根(gen)莖保持10cm左右的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離(li)。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬季中(zhong)(zhong)耕松土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 ②施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)抽(chou)前(qian)10d—15d及(ji)(ji)抽(chou)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)后(hou)(hou)10d—15d各(ge)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1—2次(ci)(ci),頂芽(ya)自剪(jian)(jian)(jian)至(zhi)新梢(shao)(shao)(shao)轉綠前(qian)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面(mian)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)1—2次(ci)(ci)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環狀溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、條(tiao)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)方法。溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)滴水外圍處(chu)(chu)(chu),挖穴長(chang)50cm×寬20cm×深10cm,東西、南北對(dui)(dui)(dui)稱輪(lun)換位(wei)置。下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)或(huo)灌(guan)溉后(hou)(hou)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素,提(ti)倡水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)。 ③整形(xing)(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian) 整形(xing)(xing):采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自然開心(xin)形(xing)(xing),主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)高(gao)50~60cm,選(xuan)留(liu)4~5個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)距50~60cm,各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)配(pei)置副主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)3~5個(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3m以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)。 幼(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(1~4年生(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)宜輕。對(dui)(dui)(dui)選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)干(gan)(gan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、副主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)適(shi)度(du)短(duan)截(jie),對(dui)(dui)(dui)過(guo)密(mi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)擾亂樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、重疊枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競(jing)爭枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)適(shi)當疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)或(huo)短(duan)截(jie),其它(ta)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)均可不修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),內(nei)(nei)膛枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)較(jiao)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)一(yi)(yi)般均應(ying)保留(liu)。 初結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(5~10年生(sheng)(sheng))修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):以(yi)(yi)(yi)疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。重點是控(kong)制樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂部(bu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)頂部(bu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)外圍過(guo)密(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群(qun),按(an)(an)“三去一(yi)(yi)、五去二”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法,將(jiang)直(zhi)立(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、長(chang)勢強的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)衰弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)去,保留(liu)長(chang)勢中(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian):短(duan)截(jie)與疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)相(xiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)。及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)回縮結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組、落花(hua)(hua)落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組和(he)(he)(he)(he)衰退枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)較(jiao)擁擠的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨干(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)當疏(shu)(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)開“側窗”,將(jiang)光線(xian)引(yin)入內(nei)(nei)膛。當年抽(chou)生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)多晚秋梢(shao)(shao)(shao)營(ying)養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)抹除(chu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)免影(ying)響花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分(fen)化(hua),防(fang)止大(da)小年結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。花(hua)(hua)量(liang)較(jiao)大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)量(liang)疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),對(dui)(dui)(dui)部(bu)分(fen)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)序及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)(shu)抹處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)。 ④花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li) 授(shou)粉(fen)(fen):張家(jia)界菊花(hua)(hua)芯(xin)柚(you)(you)自花(hua)(hua)結(jie)(jie)(jie)實(shi)(shi)率(lv)高(gao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配(pei)置授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率(lv)更高(gao),不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)授(shou)粉(fen)(fen)。 疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)定(ding)(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):分(fen)2次(ci)(ci)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第二次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。始果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)8—10個(ge)(ge),盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)隨樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齡增(zeng)長(chang)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)50—150個(ge)(ge)。 套袋:在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬(xun)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)層專用(yong)(yong)(yong)袋套果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),于(yu)(yu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)20d摘袋。 ⑤病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan):幼(you)(you)年樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)底進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan),成(cheng)(cheng)年樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)15d進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)冬季清(qing)(qing)園(yuan),剪(jian)(jian)(jian)除(chu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葉(xie),撿拾落葉(xie)、落果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)集中(zhong)(zhong)銷(xiao)毀。于(yu)(yu)晴天(tian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)45%結(jie)(jie)(jie)晶石硫(liu)合(he)劑300倍液對(dui)(dui)(dui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 物(wu)理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):用(yong)(yong)(yong)黑光燈和(he)(he)(he)(he)黃(huang)板引(yin)誘或(huo)驅避吸果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夜蛾(e)(e)、金(jin)龜(gui)子、卷(juan)葉(xie)蛾(e)(e)、蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、粉(fen)(fen)虱等(deng)害蟲(chong)(chong);人(ren)工(gong)(gong)捕捉(zhuo)天(tian)牛、蚱(zha)蟬、金(jin)龜(gui)子等(deng)害蟲(chong)(chong)。 化(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低毒及(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源農藥(yao)、植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)源農藥(yao)、礦物(wu)源農藥(yao),嚴(yan)格掌(zhang)握安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前(qian)45d內(nei)(nei)不使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)。 (4)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)及(ji)(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)(hou)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li) ①果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou) 鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)正常成(cheng)(cheng)熟,表現出本品(pin)(pin)(pin)種固(gu)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)征(色澤(ze)、香、風(feng)味(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)口感等(deng))時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou),貯藏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)比(bi)鮮銷(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)宜早7~10d采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)圓頭果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)兩(liang)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂(di)平齊,分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘,輕拿輕放。貯運(yun)工(gong)(gong)具必須清(qing)(qing)潔、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、無異味(wei)(wei)、無污(wu)染、防(fang)雨(yu)、防(fang)曬(shai),嚴(yan)禁與有(you)毒、有(you)害、易污(wu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)混(hun)(hun)裝(zhuang),混(hun)(hun)運(yun)。 ②商品(pin)(pin)(pin)化(hua)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li) 采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水洗(xi)或(huo)干(gan)(gan)洗(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)清(qing)(qing)潔處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li),清(qing)(qing)洗(xi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水質(zhi)量(liang)須符合(he)相(xiang)關(guan)安全(quan)(quan)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)重量(liang)為(wei)分(fen)級依據,共分(fen)五級:一(yi)(yi)級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1800克以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)、二級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1600~1799克、三級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1400~1599克、四(si)級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1200~1399克、五級果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)1000~1199克。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)網(wang)袋或(huo)紙(zhi)箱包裝(zhuang)。包裝(zhuang)物(wu)上(shang)應(ying)標示品(pin)(pin)(pin)種名稱、等(deng)級、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)編號等(deng)相(xiang)關(guan)信息。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu):要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),設專人(ren)做好以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)點、農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo),肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料種類(lei)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方式(shi)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農藥(yao)名稱、方式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)量(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲、倉儲、銷(xiao)售(shou)等(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)、方式(shi)、數量(liang)等(deng)。建立(li)(li)詳細(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、田管(guan)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、加工(gong)(gong)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、出入庫記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、銷(xiao)售(shou)記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)等(deng)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規(gui)定
本(ben)規定(ding)地域范(fan)圍內的張家(jia)界(jie)菊花芯柚農產(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營者,在產(chan)品或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用農產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi),須向張家(jia)界(jie)市永(yong)定(ding)區經(jing)濟(ji)作物管理(li)站提出申請,按照相(xiang)關(guan)要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)和(he)使(shi)用標志(zhi),統一采用張家(jia)界(jie)菊花芯柚產(chan)品名稱和(he)農產(chan)品地理(li)標志(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)標識相(xiang)結合的標識標注方(fang)法(fa)。