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公園概況

內(nei)蒙古(gu)薩拉烏(wu)蘇(su)國(guo)(guo)家濕地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位于內(nei)蒙古(gu)自(zi)治區烏(wu)審(shen)旗無(wu)定河鎮和蘇(su)力(li)德(de)蘇(su)木境(jing)內(nei)，規(gui)劃面積3000.4 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，其中濕地(di)(di)(di)有1295.5 公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃，占總(zong)面積的(de)43.2%。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)的(de)濕地(di)(di)(di)主要由(you)無(wu)定河流(liu)域河流(liu)濕地(di)(di)(di)及巴圖灣水庫湖泊濕地(di)(di)(di)組成，北靠廣袤的(de)毛(mao)烏(wu)素沙地(di)(di)(di)，南(nan)接溝(gou)壑縱橫的(de)黃土丘陵，橫亙(gen)在兩(liang)大(da)(da)自(zi)然地(di)(di)(di)理(li)區的(de)分(fen)界線上，南(nan)北景觀迥異，森林、沙地(di)(di)(di)和草(cao)地(di)(di)(di)呈斑塊狀分(fen)布于公(gong)(gong)(gong)園水域兩(liang)岸，公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內(nei)主要由(you)河流(liu)濕地(di)(di)(di)、湖泊濕地(di)(di)(di)構(gou)成，是我國(guo)(guo)少有的(de)沙漠大(da)(da)峽谷濕地(di)(di)(di)。

濕地(di)(di)公(gong)園濕地(di)(di)資源整體呈西南—東北向分(fen)布，包括無定(ding)河上游(you)的(de)(de)范家溝灣(wan)、楊四溝灣(wan)、米浪溝灣(wan)、三岔溝灣(wan)、巴圖(tu)灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)和水(shui)庫(ku)大壩下游(you)到新(xin)窯(yao)卯水(shui)電站之(zhi)間的(de)(de)河段，其中(zhong)巴圖(tu)灣(wan)水(shui)庫(ku)兩側邊界距庫(ku)岸(an)約500米左(zuo)右(you)。

豐富的(de)濕地資(zi)源(yuan)孕育了(le)河(he)套人文(wen)化(hua)、大夏文(wen)化(hua)和蒙古(gu)文(wen)化(hua)等人類古(gu)代文(wen)明，對(dui)保(bao)(bao)護黃河(he)上游一級支流無定(ding)河(he)水源(yuan)水質恢復濕地生(sheng)態系統(tong)功能(neng)、保(bao)(bao)護水資(zi)源(yuan)起到至關重要的(de)作用，也(ye)為野生(sheng)動(dong)植物提供了(le)良好(hao)(hao)生(sheng)境，特別(bie)是(shi)河(he)谷濕地資(zi)源(yuan)為鳥類繁(fan)衍生(sheng)息創造了(le)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)條件(jian)，是(shi)我國候鳥遷徙中轉、越冬和繁(fan)殖地之一。享(xiang)有“大漠碧(bi)湖 飛鳥天堂”的(de)美(mei)譽(yu)。

濕地資源

薩拉烏蘇國(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公園以濕(shi)地(di)景(jing)(jing)觀為主體，是(shi)我國(guo)少有的(de)(de)沙漠大峽谷(gu)濕(shi)地(di)，上(shang)游無定河(he)河(he)谷(gu)曲(qu)折蜿蜒，雄壯幽(you)深；巴圖灣水庫湖水清澈透亮，水面恬靜開闊；周邊沙地(di)草(cao)原(yuan)景(jing)(jing)觀環繞(rao)，森林(lin)景(jing)(jing)觀以塊或帶點綴(zhui)其中(zhong)，形成了由濕(shi)地(di)（水域）、沙地(di)、草(cao)原(yuan)、森林(lin)組成的(de)(de)獨特景(jing)(jing)觀。

薩拉烏蘇國(guo)(guo)家濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)162 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)148 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，菌(jun)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)水生(sheng)(sheng)和陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)163 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)候鳥62 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占76.5%。薩拉烏蘇濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)有(you)國(guo)(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)黑鸛、東方白鸛、金雕和大鴇；國(guo)(guo)家II 級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)白琵鷺、大天(tian)(tian)鵝(e)、小(xiao)天(tian)(tian)鵝(e)、疣鼻天(tian)(tian)鵝(e)、蓑(suo)羽(yu)鶴(he)、長耳鸮(xiao)(xiao)、紅(hong)角鸮(xiao)(xiao)、縱(zong)紋腹小(xiao)鸮(xiao)(xiao)和兔猻(sun)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)8 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)鳥類(lei)。主要分布于濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)南(nan)部的范家溝灣(wan)、楊四溝灣(wan)、米浪溝灣(wan)、三岔溝灣(wan)和巴圖灣(wan)水庫庫尾地(di)帶(dai)。

濕地文化

人類總(zong)是(shi)(shi)逐水而居，江河兩岸是(shi)(shi)人類較早的(de)(de)棲息地(di)，也(ye)孕育和滋養(yang)了人類的(de)(de)古代文(wen)(wen)明(ming)。薩拉烏蘇(su)國家濕地(di)公園位于無定河上游，地(di)處(chu)游牧文(wen)(wen)化(hua)與農(nong)耕文(wen)(wen)化(hua)互相碰(peng)撞、互相補(bu)充、互相融合的(de)(de)區域，孕育了悠久燦爛的(de)(de)河套人文(wen)(wen)化(hua)、大(da)夏文(wen)(wen)化(hua)和蒙古文(wen)(wen)化(hua)，承載著厚重的(de)(de)歷史(shi)。