青(qing)華海(hai)屬怒(nu)(nu)江(jiang)水系(xi)(xi),位于(yu)高黎貢山怒(nu)(nu)江(jiang)河(he)谷生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性保(bao)護生(sheng)態功能區南(nan)緣,這(zhe)里是全(quan)球(qiu)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性關鍵地(di)(di)(di)區,也是東(dong)亞—澳(ao)大利亞西(xi)亞國(guo)際(ji)候鳥遷徙路線(xian)重(zhong)(zhong)要節點。青(qing)華海(hai)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統的健康,對(dui)維系(xi)(xi)滇西(xi)的生(sheng)態安全(quan)和(he)保(bao)障區域經濟社會可持續發展具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要的戰(zhan)略意義(yi)。在距今一(yi)萬(wan)多(duo)年的舊石器時代(dai),青(qing)華海(hai)是一(yi)個全(quan)封(feng)閉的哀牢古湖。明嘉靖年間,著名文學家(jia)楊升庵謫居保(bao)山,觀其(qi)“水草茂盛、百鳥紛飛”,取“東(dong)極青(qing)華大地(di)(di)(di)”之意而稱其(qi)為“青(qing)華海(hai)”。民(min)國(guo)時期,這(zhe)里還是一(yi)片水鄉澤(ze)國(guo),后因興(xing)修水利,圍湖造田等原因,漸被農田、藕塘所(suo)替代(dai)。為發揮青(qing)華海(hai)調(diao)節氣候、凈化(hua)污水、提供(gong)水源、農田灌溉,提供(gong)水產(chan)品(pin)和(he)休閑游憩等綜合功能,完善怒(nu)(nu)江(jiang)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護網絡體(ti)系(xi)(xi),保(bao)護和(he)恢復(fu)(fu)怒(nu)(nu)江(jiang)流域濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣(yang)性,中共保(bao)山市委、市政(zheng)府決定實施萬(wan)畝青(qing)華海(hai)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)態恢復(fu)(fu)工程,傾力打(da)造一(yi)個集保(bao)護與恢復(fu)(fu)、科普教育(yu)和(he)合理(li)利用于(yu)一(yi)體(ti)的國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園。
西(xi)湖(hu)包括(kuo)西(xi)湖(hu)湖(hu)面和(he)永昌(chang)閣。目前,永昌(chang)閣已成為保山地標(biao)建(jian)筑。西(xi)湖(hu)水(shui)(shui)生植物豐富,大(da)片的荇菜引(yin)來水(shui)(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)此棲息。2017年(nian)3月底西(xi)湖(hu)來了(le)一對水(shui)(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)西(xi)湖(hu)荇菜群(qun)落上做窩安(an)(an)家(jia),4月水(shui)(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)產下4枚(mei)蛋,5月孵化出(chu)4只水(shui)(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi),水(shui)(shui)雉(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)西(xi)湖(hu)安(an)(an)家(jia)生育(yu)繁(fan)衍。
東(dong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)包括東(dong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)面、環湖(hu)(hu)(hu)棧道、疊水瀑布(bu)和彩虹橋(qiao)等景點(dian)。2018年(nian)底(di)東(dong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)來了(le)大量水鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)棲息。根(gen)據國家(jia)高(gao)原(yuan)濕地研究中心2019年(nian)1月5-7日的調查數(shu)據,在東(dong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)內共有赤麻鴨、赤膀鴨、紅頭潛(qian)鴨、白眼潛(qian)鴨、骨頂(ding)雞、紅嘴(zui)鷗、水雉、蒼鷺等31種鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao),16577只,東(dong)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)成為(wei)大量候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的越(yue)冬地。青華海的冬天是鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的世界(jie),觀鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、拍(pai)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的黃金時期,這時候是觀鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、拍(pai)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)的最佳(jia)季節。
永昌閣坐北朝南,三面環水,南側是廣場,屬于仿古園林建筑。永昌閣占地53.37畝,從外觀看只有5層,但里面的實際結構為9層,通過內部夾層樓板分開,每一層都有不同的功能與用途。第(di)(di)一(yi)層(ceng)是(shi)大眾(zhong)旅游觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)廳(ting),主要(yao)是(shi)休閑用的;第(di)(di)二(er)層(ceng)是(shi)永(yong)子(zi)文化博物(wu)館(guan);第(di)(di)三層(ceng)是(shi)永(yong)子(zi)傳承(cheng)館(guan);第(di)(di)四層(ceng)是(shi)講棋廳(ting);第(di)(di)五層(ceng)是(shi)圖(tu)書閱覽(lan)室;第(di)(di)六層(ceng)是(shi)高端比賽廳(ting)兼大眾(zhong)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)廳(ting);第(di)(di)七層(ceng)屬(shu)于新聞發(fa)布廳(ting);第(di)(di)八層(ceng)屬(shu)于決賽廳(ting);第(di)(di)九層(ceng)可(ke)放眼觀(guan)(guan)景。
公交可以(yi)乘坐10路公交車(che)(起點:梨花塢(wu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),主要途經:工人(ren)文化宮站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、百貨站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、馬里(li)中心站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、九龍(long)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、海關站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、商貿園(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、公交中站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、 宋家(jia)墩站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青(qing)華湖站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(下車(che))、打漁村站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、保山(shan)一(yi)中北門站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、青(qing)東公園(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、技師學院(yuan)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(東),終點:新復烤廠站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan))。
云(yun)(yun)南青華海(hai)國家(jia)濕地(di)公園位于云(yun)(yun)南省保山(shan)市(shi)隆陽區境內,地(di)處橫斷(duan)山(shan)區,怒江和瀾滄江之(zhi)間的保山(shan)盆地(di)。地(di)理坐標為99°11′46~99°14′04,北緯25°06′25″~25°17′57″。北起(qi)北廟湖一級水源地(di)保護(hu)區及周邊公益林,南至保岫路(lu),東臨青陽路(lu),西接青華路(lu)。
濕地(di)公園氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬西南季(ji)風區亞熱(re)帶高原氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型(xing),加之低緯度高海拔(ba)和海拔(ba)高程(cheng)差異較大的復(fu)雜(za)地(di)形(xing),使隆陽(yang)區形(xing)成“一山分四(si)季(ji),十里不同天”的立體氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),熱(re)、溫(wen)、寒三(san)種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)類型(xing)俱全。隆陽(yang)區大部分地(di)區冬無嚴寒,夏無酷熱(re),四(si)季(ji)如春,終年(nian)(nian)常綠。最(zui)冷1月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)8.5℃,最(zui)熱(re)月7月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)20.7℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)15.5℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)32.4℃,年(nian)(nian)極端(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-3.8℃。全年(nian)(nian)無霜(shuang)期290天以上,冬春兩季(ji)雨量較少,夏秋兩季(ji)雨量較多,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降雨量966.5毫米。
濕地(di)公園內共(gong)有維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)148科(ke)(ke)492屬(shu)(shu)(shu)761種,其中藻(zao)類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1種,維管(guan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)147科(ke)(ke)491屬(shu)(shu)(shu)760種。維管(guan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)包(bao)括蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13科(ke)(ke)18屬(shu)(shu)(shu)21種;裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)15種;被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)125科(ke)(ke)463屬(shu)(shu)(shu)724種。
其中禿杉、喜樹、金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥(mai)、野菱為國家二級保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)(wu),碩大麃草是云南新記錄(lu)。脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)共有(you)76科(ke)(ke)230種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中獸類(lei)15科(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)45科(ke)(ke)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、兩棲(qi)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、魚類(lei)8科(ke)(ke)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中黑鸛、黃喉貂(diao)、白腹(fu)錦雞、紅(hong)瘰疣螈等17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬國家重點(dian)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。