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歷史沿革

2000年，內蒙古(gu)（呼(hu)和(he)(he)浩特(te)）大青山自(zi)然保護區管理局依據(ju)《呼(hu)和(he)(he)浩特(te)市人民政府第58次常委會(hui)議紀要》（常務會(hui)議〔2000〕13號(hao)），并經呼(hu)和(he)(he)浩特(te)市編委批復而成立。

2008年1月經國(guo)務院批準晉升為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保護區。

地理環境

位置

大青山自然保護區在(zai)東經109°47′—112°17′，北緯40°34′—41°14′之間(jian)。

地貌

大(da)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保護區(qu)屬(shu)陰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈的(de)(de)(de)主體。西(xi)至(zhi)包(bao)頭昆都倫河，東至(zhi)呼和(he)浩特大(da)黑河上(shang)游谷地。東西(xi)長240多公(gong)里，南(nan)北(bei)寬20～60公(gong)里，海(hai)拔1800～2000米，主峰大(da)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)拔2338米。巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)主要由太古代、元古代的(de)(de)(de)片麻巖(yan)(yan)、大(da)理(li)巖(yan)(yan)、石(shi)英巖(yan)(yan)和(he)古生代、中生代的(de)(de)(de)砂頁巖(yan)(yan)、礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)所組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)北(bei)坡(po)(po)明顯(xian)不對稱，北(bei)坡(po)(po)平緩，剝(bo)蝕殘余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵和(he)盆地交(jiao)錯分(fen)(fen)布，逐漸與內蒙(meng)古高原連在一起；南(nan)坡(po)(po)陡峭，為明顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造斷(duan)(duan)塊地形(xing)，斷(duan)(duan)層崖(ya)被侵蝕切割，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一系列斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)三角面，形(xing)勢險峻。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓分(fen)(fen)布有侵蝕殘余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)眾多的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝，雨后洪(hong)流破山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而出，造成(cheng)(cheng)復式帶狀洪(hong)積扇裙。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)溝為流水侵蝕成(cheng)(cheng)為寬谷后，往(wang)往(wang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)通孔道(dao)。

氣候

大(da)青山國家級自然保(bao)護區氣候為(wei)暖溫帶季(ji)風大(da)陸(lu)型氣候，四季(ji)分明，雨量充沛，氣侯溫和，全(quan)年平均氣溫14.1℃，極(ji)端最高氣溫36.5℃，最低氣溫-11.1℃，年降水量849毫米，全(quan)年無霜期200天以(yi)上。

土壤

大(da)青山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護區土(tu)壤為山(shan)地(di)(di)栗鈣(gai)土(tu)─山(shan)地(di)(di)典型棕(zong)褐土(tu)─山(shan)地(di)(di)淋溶褐土(tu)─山(shan)地(di)(di)草(cao)甸草(cao)原土(tu)。北麓(lu)山(shan)間盆地(di)(di)和灘川地(di)(di)的(de)水土(tu)條件較(jiao)好，耕地(di)(di)擴展很快，上限(xian)已達(da)海拔1850米(mi)。

區域范圍

大青(qing)(qing)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)區總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)388577公(gong)頃，其(qi)中核心區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)114038公(gong)頃，緩沖區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)85121公(gong)頃，實驗區面(mian)(mian)積(ji)189418公(gong)頃。東以(yi)烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布市卓(zhuo)資縣(xian)上(shang)高臺(tai)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)的東界為(wei)(wei)界；南(nan)從(cong)大西(xi)溝(gou)沿林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)班(ban)線(xian)(xian)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哈拉沁溝(gou)，沿溝(gou)東坡山(shan)脊線(xian)(xian)向(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卯獨慶，再沿山(shan)脊線(xian)(xian)向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哈拉沁溝(gou)口，沿大青(qing)(qing)山(shan)南(nan)麓山(shan)腳線(xian)(xian)向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)門，沿林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)班(ban)線(xian)(xian)再至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)九峰、天林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)背，沿鄧沙溝(gou)、納(na)令溝(gou)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)山(shan)灣，再沿五(wu)(wu)當召林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)南(nan)界線(xian)(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)都(dou)侖河谷(gu)；西(xi)以(yi)昆(kun)都(dou)侖河谷(gu)為(wei)(wei)界；北(bei)以(yi)烏(wu)蘭察(cha)布市上(shang)高臺(tai)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)的北(bei)界為(wei)(wei)界，向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)以(yi)呼(hu)和浩特市武川(chuan)縣(xian)五(wu)(wu)道溝(gou)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、武川(chuan)縣(xian)井爾溝(gou)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)、武川(chuan)縣(xian)五(wu)(wu)家(jia)村林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)的北(bei)界為(wei)(wei)界直至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)李二溝(gou)，向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬鞍山(shan)、后(hou)黑沙、三岔(cha)口、大敖包山(shan)、后(hou)店(dian)、五(wu)(wu)分(fen)子、小(xiao)七號，沿白彥溝(gou)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)場(chang)北(bei)界線(xian)(xian)再向(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昆(kun)都(dou)侖河谷(gu)止。

保護目標

保護對象

大青(qing)山國家級自然保護(hu)區主要(yao)保護(hu)對象為：①以青(qing)海云杉、白杄(qian)、青(qing)杄(qian)、側柏等分布邊(bian)緣物種(zhong)(zhong)群落為代表的山地森林(lin)、灌叢—草(cao)原生態系統。②物種(zhong)(zhong)多樣(yang)性及(ji)瀕危(wei)珍(zhen)稀物種(zhong)(zhong)。③保護(hu)山體，涵養水源(yuan)。

大青山(shan)國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區屬于“自(zi)然生態(tai)系統類(lei)”，森林(lin)類(lei)型（森林(lin)、灌叢—草原）超(chao)大型自(zi)然保護(hu)區。

生物資源

植物

截至(zhi)2013年(nian)，據統計保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)高(gao)等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)852種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)127科(ke)(ke)422屬(shu)，其(qi)中種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)736種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)88科(ke)(ke)348屬(shu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)高(gao)等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)、種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)69.3%、82.5%、86.4%；蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)9科(ke)(ke)12屬(shu)，占(zhan)7.1%、2.8%、2.2%；苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)97種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)30科(ke)(ke)62屬(shu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)23.6%、14.7%、11.4%。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)野生真菌157種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)于2亞(ya)門(men)3綱13目42科(ke)(ke)88屬(shu)157種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中子囊菌亞(ya)門(men)有(you)(you)4目7科(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)大(da)型(xing)真菌科(ke)(ke)、屬(shu)、種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)16.7%，9.1%，5.1%；擔子菌亞(ya)門(men)有(you)(you)9目35科(ke)(ke)80屬(shu)149種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)83.3%，90.9%，94.9%。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)在內蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃中屬(shu)于歐亞(ya)草(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)—亞(ya)洲(zhou)中部亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，由于同時(shi)受歐亞(ya)草(cao)原(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和東(dong)亞(ya)闊葉(xie)林植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)和滲透，許多(duo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在本區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內相(xiang)互交迭，從而大(da)大(da)豐富了這個地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系地(di)理成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)以東(dong)亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、華北區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)及(ji)達烏里(li)—蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為主，并(bing)混有(you)(you)泛(fan)北極(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)北極(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、東(dong)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)北極(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、亞(ya)洲(zhou)中部區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)等，并(bing)在不(bu)同海拔高(gao)度形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了兼有(you)(you)華北特色及(ji)蒙古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)草(cao)原(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)山地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)垂(chui)直分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布。

動物

截至2013年，初步查明保護區脊椎動(dong)物有(you)218種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)于24目(mu)(mu)(mu)55科(ke)123屬(shu)，其(qi)中獸類有(you)33種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)于6目(mu)(mu)(mu)12科(ke)25屬(shu)；鳥類有(you)173種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)于15目(mu)(mu)(mu)37科(ke)89屬(shu)；兩棲爬行類有(you)12種(zhong)，隸(li)(li)屬(shu)于3目(mu)(mu)(mu)6科(ke)8屬(shu)。

旅游資源

該保護(hu)區共有(you)景(jing)源129處，其中特級(ji)景(jing)源16處，一級(ji)景(jing)源58處，二級(ji)景(jing)源28處，三(san)級(ji)景(jing)源27處。具體說該區有(you)“三(san)絕”、“三(san)妙”。

三絕：

象(xiang)形石(shi)(shi)(shi)神石(shi)(shi)(shi)——象(xiang)形石(shi)(shi)(shi)多，形態(tai)逼真，天下一絕。神仙上頭坐、群(qun)獸滿山(shan)跑，形態(tai)各異、一石(shi)(shi)(shi)三景(jing)。著名(ming)的有(you)鷹石(shi)(shi)(shi)、蛇石(shi)(shi)(shi)、龜石(shi)(shi)(shi)、蛙石(shi)(shi)(shi)、天犬石(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙熊石(shi)(shi)(shi)、姥(lao)姥(lao)姥(lao)爺石(shi)(shi)(shi)……，個個形神兼備。

峰(feng)(feng)林(lin)——峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)崢(zheng)嶸，各顯(xian)(xian)風姿(zi)，美(mei)如國畫(hua)。青山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)林(lin)以奇(qi)險著稱于世，花崗巖(yan)巖(yan)體所(suo)構成的山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)極(ji)其陡峭、巍峨！東(dong)西兩側似刀削斧(fu)劈，絕壁之下(xia)如臨(lin)萬丈深(shen)淵(yuan)。青山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)林(lin)處處崢(zheng)嶸，連綿不(bu)絕，在蒼穹之下(xia)顯(xian)(xian)得(de)突兀、險峻、靈(ling)秀、深(shen)沉。山(shan)有(you)山(shan)形，巖(yan)有(you)巖(yan)相；千峰(feng)(feng)顯(xian)(xian)態，峰(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)爭奇(qi)。

冰(bing)臼——冰(bing)臼成(cheng)群(qun)，種類繁(fan)多，姿態(tai)萬千，形(xing)神俱備。

三妙：

高(gao)山草甸疏林，喬灌交織、郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥、春(chun)(chun)花秋(qiu)色、景美迷人。青(qing)山景區共有高(gao)等植物926種，分屬于103科，406屬，青(qing)山植物季相變化鮮明，春(chun)(chun)天(tian)(tian)野果樹吐白凝紅(hong)，漫(man)坡杜鵑花姹紫嫣(yan)紅(hong)；夏天(tian)(tian)百花競放、青(qing)山蒼翠；秋(qiu)天(tian)(tian)楓葉如火、白樺鋪(pu)金、山果掛紅(hong)；冬(dong)季雪壓枝(zhi)頭，銀(yin)裝素裹。

草甸(dian)，高山(shan)草甸(dian)、群(qun)峰環繞、綠草如茵、繁花似錦(jin)青山(shan)草木植被豐富，空間開(kai)合變化、遠景(jing)(jing)、中景(jing)(jing)、近景(jing)(jing)搭配(pei)合理。青山(shan)也(ye)是野生動物的棲居(ju)場所(suo)。鳥類(lei)已知有17目36科155種。大鴇、鷹、隼(sun)等(deng)在(zai)空中盡情翱(ao)翔。獸(shou)類(lei)有7目（類(lei)）17科68種，馬鹿、狍子、野豬、狐貍、沙(sha)狐、黃鼠狼、艾虎、蒙古兔等(deng)隨處可見。

生態價值

大青山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)境(jing)內的陰(yin)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈，它(ta)東與冀北(bei)山(shan)(shan)地銜接，西與賀蘭山(shan)(shan)、北(bei)大山(shan)(shan)、馬鬃山(shan)(shan)相(xiang)通(tong)，構成了一條環內亞干(gan)(gan)旱、半干(gan)(gan)旱區(qu)南緣的生態交錯(cuo)(cuo)帶。這條生態交錯(cuo)(cuo)帶在(zai)中國(guo)北(bei)方(fang)草原(yuan)區(qu)占據(ju)了一個(ge)獨特的生態區(qu)域，成為干(gan)(gan)旱、半干(gan)(gan)旱區(qu)森林島(dao)嶼(yu)和諸多大型(xing)動物活動帶，在(zai)維護(hu)和保持內亞荒(huang)漠草原(yuan)生態穩定性，涵(han)養水源、保持水土，屏(ping)護(hu)山(shan)(shan)前河套平原(yuan)乃(nai)至華北(bei)平原(yuan)具(ju)有重要的意義。