納板河(he)流(liu)域(yu)國家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)是我國一個按小流(liu)域(yu)生物圈保(bao)護(hu)(hu)理(li)念規劃(hua)建(jian)設的多功能(neng)、綜合型(xing)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。1991年(nian)7月經云南(nan)省人民政(zheng)府批準建(jian)立(li)為(wei)省級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu),2000年(nian)4月晉升為(wei)國家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。
保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)西(xi)雙版(ban)(ban)納傣族(zu)自治州境內(nei),以(yi)納板河(he)流域為主(zhu)(zhu),地跨景(jing)洪市嘎灑鎮(zhen)和(he)勐海(hai)縣勐宋鄉、勐往鄉,距(ju)景(jing)洪市公(gong)路(lu)約25 km。總面積26600公(gong)頃,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)核心(xin)區(qu)(qu)3900 公(gong)頃、緩(huan)沖區(qu)(qu)5808公(gong)頃、實驗區(qu)(qu)16892公(gong)頃。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)地勢(shi)西(xi)北(bei)高(gao),東南低(di)(di),自然(ran)(ran)條件(jian)復雜,立(li)體(ti)氣候明顯(xian),年降雨量(liang)1100——1600毫(hao)米,年平均氣溫(wen)18——22℃,熱量(liang)豐(feng)富,雨量(liang)充沛。土壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)磚紅壤(rang)、赤紅壤(rang)、紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低(di)(di)山與(yu)河(he)谷(gu)相間的(de)地貌類(lei)型(xing)(xing),具有(you)西(xi)雙版(ban)(ban)納所分布的(de)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)被類(lei)型(xing)(xing),天(tian)然(ran)(ran)林(lin)覆蓋率為67.74 %。納板河(he)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)自然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing),主(zhu)(zhu)要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為以(yi)熱帶雨林(lin)為主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)的(de)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)及(ji)珍稀野生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性豐(feng)富,已知維管束植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)278科、1053屬(shu)、2345種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);已知脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)35目,100科,285屬(shu),437種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),昆蟲327種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);已知大型(xing)(xing)真菌38科,90屬(shu),156種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
納板河流(liu)域(yu)國家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位于云南(nan)省西(xi)雙(shuang)版納傣族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)州(zhou)境內,以(yi)納板河流(liu)域(yu)為(wei)主(zhu),地(di)(di)跨景(jing)洪市(shi)嘎(ga)灑鎮和勐海縣勐宋鄉(xiang)、勐往(wang)鄉(xiang),距景(jing)洪市(shi)公(gong)(gong)路約25km。據有(you)(you)關資料(liao)顯示,保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積26600公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中(zhong)核心(xin)區(qu)(qu)3900公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、緩沖(chong)區(qu)(qu)5808公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)、實驗區(qu)(qu)16892公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)勢西(xi)北高(gao),東南(nan)低,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)條件復雜,立體(ti)氣(qi)候明顯,年降雨量1100毫米至1600毫米,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫18℃至22℃,熱量豐富,雨量充沛。土壤(rang)(rang)類型主(zhu)要有(you)(you)磚紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內為(wei)中(zhong)低山與河谷相間的(de)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型,具有(you)(you)西(xi)雙(shuang)版納所分布的(de)8種植被類型,天然(ran)林覆蓋率為(wei)67.74%。
納板河(he)流域國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區屬(shu)自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統類型(xing)中的森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統類型(xing),主要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對(dui)象(xiang)為以熱帶雨林為主體的森林生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統及珍(zhen)稀(xi)野生(sheng)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。據(ju)有(you)關資料顯示,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性豐富(fu),已知(zhi)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)278科(ke)、1053屬(shu)、2345種(zhong)(zhong)(變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)、亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)),其(qi)中國家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong);已知(zhi)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)35目,100科(ke),285屬(shu),437種(zhong)(zhong),昆蟲327種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中國家(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)(wu)有(you)68種(zhong)(zhong);已知(zhi)大型(xing)真(zhen)菌38科(ke),90屬(shu),156種(zhong)(zhong)。
納(na)板河流域國家(jia)級(ji)自(zi)然保護(hu)區動植物資(zi)源十分豐富,主(zhu)要(yao)保護(hu)對(dui)(dui)象為熱(re)帶森林生(sheng)(sheng)態系統及(ji)其動植物資(zi)源,優先保護(hu)對(dui)(dui)象有(you)榆綠木(mu)、疣粒野稻、林生(sheng)(sheng)芒果、云(yun)南肉豆(dou)蔻、版納(na)黑檀、山白蘭(lan)、絨毛蕃龍眼、千果欖仁等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)植物,印(yin)度野牛(niu)、蜂猴、孔雀(que)雉、水鹿和原雞等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong)動物。
納(na)板河流域國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區建(jian)區以來,在云(yun)南省環(huan)保(bao)局(ju)、西(xi)雙版納(na)傣族自治州州委、州政府的(de)領(ling)導下,保(bao)護(hu)區的(de)建(jian)設取得(de)了(le)(le)較好(hao)的(de)成績(ji),完成了(le)(le)功能區劃和界樁(碑)的(de)埋設,加強(qiang)了(le)(le)宣(xuan)傳教(jiao)育工(gong)作,強(qiang)化了(le)(le)動(dong)植(zhi)物資源(yuan)(yuan)和生態環(huan)境的(de)保(bao)護(hu),開(kai)展了(le)(le)土地利(li)用規(gui)劃,加大了(le)(le)案件查處(chu)的(de)力度。1996年(nian)至2006年(nian),納(na)板河流域國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區已連續10年(nian)無森(sen)林(lin)火(huo)災,天然(ran)森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率由建(jian)區時(shi)(shi)的(de)45.3%提高到(dao)67.74%。保(bao)護(hu)區認(ren)真做好(hao)本底資源(yuan)(yuan)調查的(de)同時(shi)(shi),積極開(kai)展科(ke)研(yan)工(gong)作,有1項(xiang)成果榮獲國家(jia)環(huan)保(bao)總局(ju)科(ke)技進步二等獎(jiang),有3項(xiang)成果分別(bie)榮獲西(xi)雙版納(na)州科(ke)技進步一等獎(jiang)、二等獎(jiang)和三等獎(jiang),參(can)與的(de)“中(zhong)德(de)合作西(xi)雙版納(na)熱(re)帶林(lin)保(bao)護(hu)與恢(hui)復(fu)”研(yan)究,深受(shou)中(zhong)外專家(jia)的(de)好(hao)評。