宛(wan)梆(bang)(bang)(南(nan)陽梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)(zi))，是生長形成于河南(nan)省南(nan)陽市的古老(lao)傳統(tong)戲曲劇種之一。它的歷史悠久(jiu)，源(yuan)遠流長。早期人們稱它為(wei)"西(xi)調"、"南(nan)陽調"、"亂(luan)彈"、"老(lao)梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)(zi)"，建(jian)國后(hou)更(geng)名(ming)為(wei)"宛(wan)梆(bang)(bang)"。
它(ta)是(shi)明末清(qing)初(chu)由陜西同州梆子傳入南陽(yang)市，結(jie)合南陽(yang)民(min)歌小調(diao)，鄉(xiang)音(yin)俚語，逐漸演變而成的一個戲曲劇種，它(ta)基本上保持著河南梆子的早(zao)期(qi)精華和(he)原(yuan)始音(yin)樂形態，其唱(chang)腔優美，風(feng)格獨特，迄(qi)今已有300余年歷(li)史。目(mu)前(qian)，僅存內鄉(xiang)縣一個專(zhuan)業劇團(tuan)，號稱(cheng)"天(tian)下(xia)第(di)一團(tuan)" 。
宛(wan)(wan)梆的(de)興盛時(shi)期是清(qing)道光年間(jian)至民(min)(min)國三十(shi)年前后，各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)間(jian)的(de)春祈秋(qiu)報，婚喪(sang)嫁娶，多唱宛(wan)(wan)梆，其流行程度極為普及(ji)。到(dao)處流傳著(zhu)"扛起鋤頭(tou)上南(nan)崗，嘴里哼著(zhu)梆子(zi)腔(qiang)"、"桃黍(shu)(高(gao)粱)地(di)里喊亂彈(dan)"的(de)民(min)(min)謠。其班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)更是星羅(luo)棋布，遍(bian)及(ji)南(nan)陽(yang)各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)，影響(xiang)較(jiao)大的(de)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)有南(nan)陽(yang)城(cheng)關的(de)白音(yin)堂班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、十(shi)八里崗班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、府門外(wai)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、高(gao)廟李莊(zhuang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、石(shi)橋(qiao)黃(huang)碧班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、掘(jue)地(di)坪班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，社(she)旗泥河(he)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，鄧(deng)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)磨戶張班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、構林班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、林扒班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、庫糧(liang)房班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、肖店班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、蔣(jiang)莊(zhuang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、桑莊(zhuang)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、（氵急）灘班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，新野的(de)孔樓(lou)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，內鄉齊營(ying)齊大茂(mao)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、王店四張張風山班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、西后街王福清(qing)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、曹沖(chong)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、螺螄河(he)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，鎮平(ping)城(cheng)關王少班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、蘆醫廟班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、石(shi)佛寺(si)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，以(yi)及(ji)方城(cheng)、南(nan)召、唐河(he)、桐柏等地(di)的(de)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)數以(yi)百計之多，演出地(di)域除宛(wan)(wan)屬各(ge)縣(xian)(xian)之外(wai)，東至沙(sha)河(he)兩(liang)岸的(de)周(zhou)口(kou)、項城(cheng)，西至商洛、藍田，北(bei)到(dao)盧氏、靈(ling)寶(bao)，南(nan)達襄樊、河(he)口(kou) 。
特別(bie)是內鄉(xiang)夏館(guan)張珊(shan)的"公(gong)義"班(ban)(ban)，該班(ban)(ban)創辦于清(qing)咸(xian)豐三年(1853年)，名(ming)角薈萃，箱具齊全(quan)，先后培養了著名(ming)武丑王老四等諸多的藝術(shu)人才。"公(gong)義"班(ban)(ban)由(you)赤(chi)眉齊俊顯任戲主之后，請來著名(ming)演員王春生掌班(ban)(ban)及著名(ming)紅臉(lian)翟道(dao)三、著名(ming)黑頭杜(du)林保相(xiang)繼加入(ru)該班(ban)(ban)，使"公(gong)義"班(ban)(ban)的名(ming)聲(sheng)大振，成(cheng)為宛屬各縣梆子班(ban)(ban)無人匹敵的班(ban)(ban)社。
進入30年代后期(qi)，由于(yu)豫劇(ju)(ju)的流(liu)入和(he)興起，加之抗日戰(zhan)爭及解放(fang)戰(zhan)爭的動亂，多數宛(wan)梆班(ban)社(she)停辦，藝人相繼離(li)散(san)，使這個(ge)曾經(jing)風靡一時的古老(lao)劇(ju)(ju)種逐漸(jian)衰萎(wei)。至解放(fang)前(qian)夕，宛(wan)屬各縣的宛(wan)梆班(ban)社(she)已經(jing)所(suo)剩無(wu)幾，內(nei)(nei)鄉(xiang)縣境(jing)內(nei)(nei)僅存(cun)以聶國政(zheng)為班(ban)主的"公義"班(ban)，也瀕(bin)臨停演，部分藝人離(li)散(san)改(gai)業。
群眾習稱宛(wan)(wan)(wan)梆為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)"大(da)(da)(da)戲"。在(zai)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)音樂上(shang)具(ju)有(you)(you)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)獨(du)特風(feng)格(ge)(ge)，且(qie)變化較多。宛(wan)(wan)(wan)梆唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)音樂屬板(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)(ti)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)弦(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)秦腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)早期主(zhu)弦(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，琴桿(gan)粗且(qie)短，高(gao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尺半左右，琴筒(tong)用(yong)香椿木作料，中(zhong)(zhong)間掏空(kong)，呈橢圓(yuan)形，筒(tong)面用(yong)薄木板(ban)(ban)(ban)粘合，弦(xian)(xian)用(yong)牛筋，里外弦(xian)(xian)序63，發音高(gao)銳，以軟弓子(zi)二(er)(er)嗡(weng)(低音京胡)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)弦(xian)(xian)，輔以月琴、三弦(xian)(xian)、墜胡，以棗木梆擊(ji)節，并配之(zhi)以大(da)(da)(da)花(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)在(zai)宛(wan)(wan)(wan)梆唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)藝術中(zhong)(zhong)獨(du)具(ju)特色，幾乎(hu)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式中(zhong)(zhong)都有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，生、旦、凈、丑各(ge)(ge)個行(xing)當皆可用(yong)之(zhi)。花(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)接(jie)于(yu)本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)之(zhi)后，是一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種比(bi)二(er)(er)本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)還要(yao)(yao)高(gao)八(ba)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)假(jia)嗓無(wu)字(zi)行(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式和(he)(he)感(gan)(gan)情的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)所決(jue)定，和(he)(he)本(ben)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣，喜、怒、哀(ai)、樂各(ge)(ge)種感(gan)(gan)情均可表達。"慢(man)(man)板(ban)(ban)(ban)"中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)[工字(zi)調]、[流(liu)(liu)水]，[二(er)(er)八(ba)]中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)[花(hua)(hua)揚腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)]能使聽者悅目賞心，而各(ge)(ge)種哭腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)則又使人牽魂掛腸。宛(wan)(wan)(wan)梆唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)調高(gao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1=bB，男女演員同腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)同調。花(hua)(hua)臉的(de)(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)蒼勁雄健，別具(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)格(ge)(ge)。宛(wan)(wan)(wan)梆的(de)(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)大(da)(da)(da)體(ti)(ti)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分：即慢(man)(man)板(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、二(er)(er)八(ba)板(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、散板(ban)(ban)(ban)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。[慢(man)(man)板(ban)(ban)(ban)]為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(4/4節拍)，起于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)，落于(yu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)，變格(ge)(ge)部(bu)分主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)頭腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、二(er)(er)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、三腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、工字(zi)調和(he)(he)不帶花(hua)(hua)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老二(er)(er)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、寒腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)等。[流(liu)(liu)水板(ban)(ban)(ban)]為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(2/4拍)，旋律輕快流(liu)(liu)暢，節奏(zou)明朗(lang)，適(shi)于(yu)敘(xu)事、抒(shu)情。[緊(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)水]和(he)(he)[緊(jin)(jin)流(liu)(liu)水垛(duo)(duo)]有(you)(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)無(wu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)（1/4）拍。[二(er)(er)八(ba)板(ban)(ban)(ban)]也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(2/4拍節)。[緊(jin)(jin)二(er)(er)八(ba)]和(he)(he)[緊(jin)(jin)二(er)(er)八(ba)垛(duo)(duo)]的(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)較快，均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)無(wu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/4拍，也(ye)可類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)似自由體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)緊(jin)(jin)打慢(man)(man)唱(chang)。
各種[二八板(ban)]統(tong)統(tong)突出(chu)了豐(feng)富(fu)的鑼(luo)鼓打擊樂，使(shi)它更具(ju)(ju)有(you)激(ji)越情調(diao)和火爆味兒。散板(ban)類無(wu)板(ban)無(wu)眼，包括[哭滾白]、[大起板(ban)]、[導(dao)板(ban)]、[軟(ruan)導(dao)板(ban)]、[圓簧(huang)]、[尖板(ban)]等，這些散板(ban)形式(shi)中，除[尖板(ban)]外，均(jun)可使(shi)用花腔。此外，宛梆吸收民歌小調(diao)如[一串鈴]、[裰羅調(diao)]等也都在特定情景下具(ju)(ju)有(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的表現力。
宛梆音樂中擁有(you)豐富(fu)的傳統(tong)曲牌。絲弦曲牌有(you)：[慢板大(da)盤頭]、[大(da)開門(men)]、[小(xiao)開門(men)]、[王子開門(men)]、[步步緊(jin)]、[鶯兒山]、[花雀子]、[慢壓板]等十多種。嗩吶曲牌有(you)[清水(shui)令]、[半(ban)槍(qiang)]、[滿槍(qiang)]、[尾聲(sheng)]、[嗩吶皮]、[泣顏回]、[欠(qian)場]、[嘆如(ru)雷]、[一尺綢]、[娃娃]等。?
宛(wan)梆打(da)擊樂中的身段鑼(luo)(luo)鼓與其他(ta)劇(ju)種接近，唱腔頭尾和(he)中間(jian)的打(da)擊樂，十(shi)分獨(du)特(te)豐富。鑼(luo)(luo)鼓經有[鳳(feng)凰(huang)三點頭]、[老全錘]、[全錘]、[反全錘]、[小全錘]、[五錘頭]、[五鑼(luo)(luo)]、[鳳(feng)凰(huang)單展翅]等。
宛梆的劇(ju)目可分為三種，一是傳統劇(ju)目，二(er)是移植兄弟劇(ju)種的劇(ju)目，三是不(bu)同(tong)時期的創編劇(ju)目。
傳統劇目(mu)有"四(si)征(zheng)(zheng)"、"四(si)鍘(zha)"、"八(ba)大(da)(da)山(shan)"、"大(da)(da)、小十(shi)八(ba)本(ben)"等數(shu)百(bai)個(ge)，四(si)征(zheng)(zheng)又(you)分(fen)《雷振海征(zheng)(zheng)北(bei)》、《馬三保征(zheng)(zheng)東》等男"四(si)征(zheng)(zheng)"和《穆桂(gui)英征(zheng)(zheng)東》、《樊(fan)梨(li)花征(zheng)(zheng)西(xi)》等女"四(si)征(zheng)(zheng)"，以(yi)及《秦(qin)英征(zheng)(zheng)西(xi)》、《姚剛(gang)征(zheng)(zheng)南(nan)》、《燕王掃北(bei)》等武生戲；四(si)鍘(zha)有《鍘(zha)西(xi)宮》、《鍘(zha)越王》等；八(ba)大(da)(da)山(shan)有《兩郎山(shan)》、《豹頭山(shan)》、《青銅(tong)山(shan)》等征(zheng)(zheng)戰戲；"大(da)(da)、小十(shi)八(ba)本(ben)"包括哪些劇目(mu)各說不(bu)一(yi)。
移植(zhi)劇目(mu)，有《收(shou)姜(jiang)維》、《逼上(shang)梁山(shan)》、《趙(zhao)氏(shi)孤(gu)兒(er)》等百余出。
創(chuang)編劇目，不同劇團各(ge)有不同，不同時代，題材各(ge)異。
宛梆(bang)的劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)特色，從劇(ju)(ju)目(mu)樣式上，以正劇(ju)(ju)、悲劇(ju)(ju)為(wei)多(duo)，以反映宮廷、征(zheng)戰、公案故事的功架戲為(wei)主。
宛(wan)梆(bang)既有陜西(xi)梆(bang)子的(de)(de)高(gao)亢激越，又(you)有中原(yuan)音樂的(de)(de)平整規(gui)范(fan)，還有楚樂的(de)(de)委(wei)婉清(qing)麗，它用(yong)以(yi)烘托(tuo)感情的(de)(de)假腔為(wei)高(gao)八度(du)無字(zi)行(xing)腔，系宛(wan)腔一(yi)絕，具(ju)有獨特的(de)(de)藝術(shu)(shu)價值。受中原(yuan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)、秦晉文(wen)化(hua)(hua)和楚文(wen)化(hua)(hua)共同(tong)滋(zi)養的(de)(de)宛(wan)梆(bang)是研究(jiu)河南梆(bang)子早期(qi)生態的(de)(de)標(biao)本，20世(shi)紀(ji)30年代以(yi)來，由(you)于豫劇(ju)、河南曲劇(ju)的(de)(de)興起和迅速(su)流傳，宛(wan)梆(bang)漸趨衰落，至(zhi)目前(qian)只(zhi)剩下內鄉(xiang)縣(xian)一(yi)家國有宛(wan)梆(bang)專業(ye)劇(ju)團還在艱難地(di)傳承(cheng)著這一(yi)古老(lao)的(de)(de)民族(zu)藝術(shu)(shu)火種(zhong)，有必(bi)要及(ji)時加(jia)以(yi)搶救和維護。
國(guo)家非常重視非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)的保護，2006年5月(yue)20日，宛梆經國(guo)務院批準列入第一批國(guo)家級非物質(zhi)文化(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)名(ming)錄。
歲月靜好 
