1、山東大鼓(梨花大鼓),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),擴展項目
(2)申報地區或單位:河北省雞澤縣
(3)保護單位:雞澤縣文化館
2、山東大鼓(梨花大鼓),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2008年(第二批),擴展項目
(2)申報地區或單位:河北省威縣
(3)保護單位:威縣文化館(威縣美術館)
3、山東大鼓(山東省),編號:Ⅴ-4
(1)批次/類型:2006年(第一批),新增項目
(2)申報地區或單位:山東省
(3)保護單位:山東省藝術研究院
據藝人(ren)師承譜系和(he)口碑(bei)傳說,山(shan)(shan)東(dong)大(da)鼓由漁(yu)鼓道情的孫趙(zhao)門衍化而(er)來。已知清嘉慶年(nian)間(jian),孫趙(zhao)門山(shan)(shan)東(dong)大(da)鼓河北籍藝人(ren)有五位姓名中均帶"山(shan)(shan)"字,即威縣(xian)王奎山(shan)(shan)、臨(lin)西呂(lv)連(lian)山(shan)(shan)和(he)李明山(shan)(shan)、清河徐靠山(shan)(shan)和(he)臨(lin)城馮云山(shan)(shan),時(shi)稱"五大(da)山(shan)(shan)"。自清嘉慶至民國(guo)二十六年(nian)(1937),山(shan)(shan)東(dong)大(da)鼓在冀(ji)魯兩(liang)省南起聊城、臨(lin)清,北至德州、滄(cang)州的大(da)運河兩(liang)岸十分(fen)興盛,并形成三個(ge)支派。
一(yi)支是以(yi)故城縣為基點的"老北(bei)口(kou)"派(pai),向北(bei)傳至滄州(zhou)地區吳橋、東光(guang)、南皮等(deng)縣。其代表人物是何老鳳及(ji)其傳人董天(tian)佐、桑天(tian)佑、劉天(tian)秀、魯泰(tai)(tai)(tai)昌、王(wang)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)恒(heng)、孫泰(tai)(tai)(tai)秋、張泰(tai)(tai)(tai)泉(quan)、傅泰(tai)(tai)(tai)臣(chen)、劉泰(tai)(tai)(tai)清、周泰(tai)(tai)(tai)喜、王(wang)福貞等(deng)。"老北(bei)口(kou)"派(pai)的書(shu)目多(duo)為中篇(pian),主(zhu)要有(you)《瓦崗寨》、《呼家將(jiang)》、《包公(gong)案》、《劉公(gong)案》等(deng)。短篇(pian)以(yi)三國段居多(duo),如《草船借箭》、《華容道》、《單刀會》等(deng),還有(you)本曲(qu)種特有(you)的小(xiao)段如《小(xiao)黑(hei)驢(lv)》、《一(yi)窩(wo)黑(hei)》等(deng)。
第二(er)(er)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)宮縣為(wei)基點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"小北口(kou)(kou)"派(pai)(pai),代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張風(feng)梧、宋(song)(song)四(si)莫。在(zai)"小北口(kou)(kou)"這(zhe)(zhe)個支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)派(pai)(pai)里,又有三(san)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):其一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)衡水(shui)、棗強、景縣一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當(dang)(dang)地(di)稱(cheng)之為(wei)"怯大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"、"鐵片大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"、"鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)碰弦"。藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)"莫、振、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、金、田(tian)"譜系傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)代(dai)(dai)(dai),據衡水(shui)市北田(tian)村(cun)木(mu)板(ban)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)李(li)田(tian)奎講,這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師祖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)四(si)莫,宋(song)(song)收徒李(li)振邦(bang)、李(li)振起(qi)、劉振湖、閻振莊等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),后(hou)來這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)改唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)木(mu)板(ban)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu);其二(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至交河(he)、河(he)間、肅寧、獻縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個小分(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)稱(cheng)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)調(diao)(diao)兒,山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)柳(liu)(liu)兒。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張風(feng)梧、宋(song)(song)四(si)莫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),交河(he)縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)李(li)振邦(bang)在(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)后(hou),自立(li)門(men)戶(hu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)"振、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、進(jin)(金)、相(xiang)(xiang)、永(yong)、祥(xiang)(xiang)、和(he)(he)、智、瑞(rui)、升"排序(xu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)衍出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)三(san)十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai),在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)批(pi)出類拔萃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)獻縣楊(yang)進(jin)楨、肅寧石(shi)進(jin)奎名(ming)望最(zui)大(da)。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)(xing)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)范圍廣,除(chu)冀(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)農村(cun)外(wai),還(huan)進(jin)入京(jing)(jing)、津(jin)、保定等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)市,以(yi)(yi)(yi)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)、北京(jing)(jing)、內蒙(meng)、東(dong)(dong)三(san)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)城(cheng)鄉。著名(ming)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)還(huan)有楊(yang)俊杰、櫪俊祥(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)(wang)祥(xiang)(xiang)林、任相(xiang)(xiang)臣、申相(xiang)(xiang)琴、沈相(xiang)(xiang)廷、王(wang)(wang)艷(yan)永(yong)、王(wang)(wang)風(feng)永(yong)、齊(qi)鶴鳴等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)術(shu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),不僅(jin)兼有"小北口(kou)(kou)"支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)派(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色和(he)(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統,還(huan)有所(suo)(suo)創新(xin),吸收了(le)西河(he)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巧、俏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)法,突破了(le)死口(kou)(kou)實(shi)詞(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)形式,唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)白(bai)、白(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),自由隨意。代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)書(shu)目(mu)(mu)有《黃(huang)愛玉(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)墳》、《秦瓊賣馬(ma)》、《少英烈》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng);其三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)"小北口(kou)(kou)"派(pai)(pai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)至石(shi)家(jia)莊地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趙縣、束鹿一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶后(hou)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當(dang)(dang)地(di)稱(cheng)之為(wei)梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)調(diao)(diao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)柳(liu)(liu)、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)碰弦等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)派(pai)(pai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)張鳳(feng)梧的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)徒南(nan)宮楊(yang)老(lao)孔、寧晉蘇玉(yu)堂(二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)未排字)所(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),該支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)曲調(diao)(diao)和(he)(he)書(shu)目(mu)(mu)與張鳳(feng)梧所(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)無大(da)區(qu)別。曾于二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)三(san)十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)盛行(xing)(xing)(xing)冀(ji)(ji)南(nan)西部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu).抗(kang)日(ri)戰爭爆(bao)發后(hou),逐漸衰落(luo),幾成(cheng)(cheng)絕唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang).二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)七十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)末(mo),石(shi)家(jia)莊地(di)區(qu)文化部(bu)(bu)門(men)對當(dang)(dang)時(shi)稱(cheng)做梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)規模挖(wa)掘搶救(jiu),搜(sou)集整(zheng)理了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)文字和(he)(he)音樂資料.但(dan)(dan)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)后(hou)繼(ji)乏(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren) [1] 。第三(san)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)邢(xing)臺地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)縣、新(xin)河(he)為(wei)主(zhu)要活動地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"南(nan)口(kou)(kou)"派(pai)(pai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),該支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)"梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)"之名(ming)被叫得最(zui)響(xiang),叉稱(cheng)犁鏵片、倒扒口(kou)(kou)。流行(xing)(xing)(xing)于邢(xing)臺、邯鄲(dan)大(da)部(bu)(bu)地(di)區(qu)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)"五(wu)大(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)"中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)徐靠(kao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、李(li)明山(shan)(shan)(shan)及其門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發展起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。徐靠(kao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、李(li)明山(shan)(shan)(shan)均成(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)于清嘉慶二(er)(er)十(shi)年(1815)前后(hou)。徐靠(kao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)康興(xing)重、張興(xing)本(ben)、張興(xing)隆、張興(xing)立(li)、孫(sun)春瑜(yu)、吳(wu)春華、潘春聚等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清末(mo)民(min)初名(ming)噪冀(ji)(ji)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。孫(sun)春瑜(yu)之徒李(li)利(li)杰、韓利(li)來、吳(wu)利(li)祥(xiang)(xiang)、趙利(li)俊、楊(yang)利(li)忠、陳利(li)江均為(wei)著名(ming)演(yan)(yan)員,尤以(yi)(yi)(yi)陳利(li)江名(ming)聲最(zui)大(da),水(shui)平最(zui)高,在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)、魯西北地(di)區(qu),被譽為(wei)"第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)說書(shu)響(xiang)將",紅極一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)。二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)三(san)十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai),李(li)明山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)"金"字輩名(ming)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有孫(sun)金枝(女)、孫(sun)金蘭(lan)(女)、劉金榜(bang)、郭老(lao)彬(bin)、趙桂存(cun)、張廣興(xing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。除(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)述藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)外(wai),程長會、李(li)和(he)(he)春、張明斗、劉成(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)。也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。"南(nan)口(kou)(kou)"派(pai)(pai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)出書(shu)目(mu)(mu),短篇有《薦諸葛(ge)》、《古城(cheng)會》、《讓(rang)成(cheng)(cheng)都》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)"三(san)國段",和(he)(he)《寶玉(yu)探(tan)病》、《下西廂》、《丁香割肉(rou)》、《雪梅(mei)吊孝》、《小黑(hei)驢》、《小黑(hei)牛》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)共百余篇,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)篇書(shu)目(mu)(mu)有《李(li)天保吊孝》、《大(da)宋(song)(song)金球》、《海公(gong)案(an)》、《五(wu)女興(xing)唐(tang)》、《響(xiang)馬(ma)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》、《絲絨計》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)五(wu)十(shi)余部(bu)(bu),二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)四(si)十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)后(hou),梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)逐漸衰落(luo),許多藝(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)改唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)河(he)南(nan)墜子和(he)(he)木(mu)板(ban)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和(he)(he)國成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)后(hou),在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)南(nan)地(di)區(qu),專唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)僅(jin)有孫(sun)金枝、孫(sun)金蘭(lan)姐(jie)妹二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1958年河(he)北省(sheng)首屆(jie)曲藝(yi)(yi)(yi)會演(yan)(yan)時(shi),孫(sun)金枝、趙桂存(cun)演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)均獲(huo)演(yan)(yan)員二(er)(er)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)獎。1979年孫(sun)金枝演(yan)(yan)唱(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《廣場思(si)親》在(zai)河(he)北人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)廣播電臺錄音播放。二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)八十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)初,威(wei)縣、廣宗縣和(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)寧津(jin)縣等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)地(di)均邀請孫(sun)金枝舉辦過梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)講習(xi)班,培養新(xin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),但(dan)(dan)收效甚微(wei),至二(er)(er)十(shi)世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(ji)八十(shi)年代(dai)(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)孫(sun)金枝去世(shi)(shi)后(hou),梨花(hua)(hua)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)冀(ji)(ji)南(nan)幾成(cheng)(cheng)絕響(xiang)。
山東大(da)鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)唱(chang)形式(shi)多(duo)為單人站(zhan)唱(chang),也(ye)(ye)有二(er)(er)(er)人對唱(chang)形式(shi)。主(zhu)要伴奏樂器為矮腳小(xiao)(xiao)鼓(gu)、大(da)三(san)弦(xian)和月牙板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(也(ye)(ye)叫梨花片(pian))。演(yan)唱(chang)時演(yan)員右手執鼓(gu)楗擊(ji)鼓(gu),左手操鋼板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)敲擊(ji)演(yan)唱(chang),樂師以三(san)弦(xian)伴奏。唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)屬板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體,一(yi)般分慢板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(又稱頭(tou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))、二(er)(er)(er)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(流(liu)水(shui)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban))、三(san)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、快板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等(deng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)。其(qi)(qi)書目(mu)主(zhu)要是(shi)中篇,唱(chang)自相間,短段只唱(chang)不(bu)說(shuo)(shuo)。三(san)個支派的(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)書目(mu)又各具不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)特點與(yu)風(feng)格。"老(lao)(lao)北口(kou)(kou)"派唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)粗獷、豪放,其(qi)(qi)開(kai)頭(tou)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)用頭(tou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或類似頭(tou)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)二(er)(er)(er)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)起腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),速度慢,尾(wei)音(yin)長,板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)起板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)落,咬字(zi)(zi)狠,吐字(zi)(zi)真,落音(yin)重,字(zi)(zi)密聲促(cu),善用頓(dun)音(yin),其(qi)(qi)旋律似說(shuo)(shuo)似唱(chang)自然流(liu)暢。故有"老(lao)(lao)牛(niu)(niu)大(da)摔韁"的(de)(de)(de)俗稱;"小(xiao)(xiao)北口(kou)(kou)"派的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)唱(chang)風(feng)格,溶入借(jie)鑒(jian)了一(yi)些西河(he)大(da)鼓(gu)的(de)(de)(de)技法,較之(zhi)"老(lao)(lao)北口(kou)(kou)"顯得巧俏,委婉細膩,善說(shuo)(shuo)演(yan)"文書",唱(chang)中加敘;"南口(kou)(kou)"派的(de)(de)(de)唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)婉轉悠揚,曲調華麗細膩,字(zi)(zi)少腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)繁(fan),節奏舒緩。除(chu)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)外,"南口(kou)(kou)"派還有一(yi)些曲牌(pai)體唱(chang)腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),叫牌(pai)子腔(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),分快慢兩(liang)種,只在(zai)特殊唱(chang)段如《小(xiao)(xiao)黑驢》、《小(xiao)(xiao)黑牛(niu)(niu)》、《王二(er)(er)(er)姐(jie)思(si)夫》中使用。
山(shan)東(dong)大(da)鼓傳統節目繁多(duo),已知有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)篇《三(san)全鎮》、《金鎖鎮》、《大(da)破(po)孟(meng)州》、《大(da)送嫁》、《范孟(meng)亭推(tui)車》等(deng)(deng)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)部;短篇段兒書尤為豐(feng)富,以(yi)(yi)《三(san)國》題(ti)材的(de)唱(chang)段最多(duo),有(you)(you)(you)《東(dong)嶺關(guan)》、《長坂坡》、《河北尋兄》等(deng)(deng)六十(shi)(shi)余段;其次是《紅(hong)樓夢》題(ti)材的(de)唱(chang)段,有(you)(you)(you)《黛玉(yu)葬花》、《寶(bao)玉(yu)探病》等(deng)(deng)十(shi)(shi)余段;《水滸(hu)》唱(chang)段有(you)(you)(you)《李逵奪魚(yu)》、《燕青打擂》等(deng)(deng)。另外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一些根據戲曲故(gu)事、民間傳說故(gu)事編寫的(de)唱(chang)段,以(yi)(yi)及(ji)由(you)子弟書移植過來的(de)唱(chang)段等(deng)(deng),共計二百余段。
山東(dong)(dong)大(da)鼓歷史悠久,音(yin)樂唱腔(qiang)獨特,節目蘊藏豐富(fu),地方色彩(cai)濃郁,它(ta)直接促(cu)發(fa)了山東(dong)(dong)快書的(de)形成(cheng),并對(dui)"喬派(pai)"河南(nan)墜子和(he)西河大(da)鼓等的(de)形成(cheng)與(yu)發(fa)展產(chan)生過重大(da)影響,具有很高(gao)的(de)歷史文(wen)化價(jia)值。20世紀后期以來(lai),山東(dong)(dong)大(da)鼓逐漸趨于衰(shuai)落,現在僅有少數演(yan)員還能(neng)演(yan)出,亟待扶(fu)持(chi)保護。