馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)自十(shi)七世(shi)紀傳入中(zhong)(zhong)國,在原州(zhou)區(qu)約有(you)300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)種植(zhi)歷(li)史。近年(nian)(nian)來,引進隴薯(shu)3號(hao)、莊薯(shu)3號(hao)、青(qing)(qing)薯(shu)168、青(qing)(qing)薯(shu)9號(hao)、冀張薯(shu)8號(hao)、內薯(shu)7號(hao)、克(ke)(ke)新1號(hao)、大(da)西洋、費烏瑞它等優良品(pin)種,建立健(jian)全了馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)脫毒(du)種薯(shu)四級繁育(yu)體系,馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種植(zhi)面積逐年(nian)(nian)擴大(da),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)90%以上外銷。原州(zhou)區(qu)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)具有(you)品(pin)質(zhi)優良,淀粉(fen)含(han)量(liang)高、薯(shu)塊均(jun)勻(yun)一(yi)致、芽眼淺等特點,營養(yang)成份(fen)豐富,每(mei)100克(ke)(ke)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)能量(liang)337千卡、蛋白質(zhi)7.2克(ke)(ke)、脂(zhi)肪0.5克(ke)(ke)、碳水化合(he)物77.4克(ke)(ke)、膳食(shi)纖維1.4克(ke)(ke)、維生(sheng)素(su)A 20毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke)、 胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)120毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke)、尼克(ke)(ke)酸5.1毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke)、維生(sheng)素(su)E(T) 0.28毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke)、鈣171毫(hao)(hao)克(ke)(ke),還含(han)有(you)人體所需(xu)的(de)(de)鈉、鎂、鐵、鋅、硒等十(shi)多(duo)種微量(liang)元素(su),是一(yi)種飽受(shou)人們青(qing)(qing)睞的(de)(de)保健(jian)食(shi)品(pin)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)用途廣泛,既可食(shi)用、飼用,淀粉(fen)又是多(duo)種工業(ye)原料(liao)。馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)已成為原州(zhou)區(qu)的(de)(de)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)之一(yi)。
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):地形(xing)地貌類(lei)型復(fu)雜多樣(yang),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)黑壚土(tu)(tu)、湘黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主,pH7.8左右,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)1.0-1.5%,全(quan)(quan)氮含(han)(han)量(liang)0.021-0.111%,全(quan)(quan)磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)0.10-0.215%全(quan)(quan)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)2.19-2.53%。 2、水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)境內(nei)河流(liu)主要(yao)有清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河,是黃(huang)河的一(yi)條支(zhi)流(liu),發源于(yu)原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開城鎮黑刺溝(gou)腦,由南向北流(liu)經原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、三營等城鎮,到七(qi)營鎮的高崖出(chu)境,經同心(xin)、中寧入黃(huang)河。清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河上(shang)游(you)開城至固原縣城一(yi)帶(dai),河水(shui)(shui)礦化度(du)為(wei)0.7克/升(sheng)屬淡水(shui)(shui),三營為(wei)2.6克/升(sheng),七(qi)營為(wei)6克/升(sheng)。 3、氣候情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):本(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬溫(wen)帶(dai)半干旱(han)氣候,海拔高度(du)1470-2920米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃,≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)135-160天(tian),光照(zhao)時數2400-2600小(xiao)時。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)350-650mm,降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)受地形(xing)影響,自南向北隨地勢低而降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)逐漸減少,南北較差300 mm。農業(ye)(ye)灌溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)有井灌、庫灌和(he)引黃(huang)灌溉, 空氣質(zhi)量(liang)好,無(wu)工業(ye)(ye)污染源,馬鈴薯主產(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)主要(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)南部陰濕區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)東(dong)部干旱(han)區(qu)(qu)(qu),依(yi)靠天(tian)然降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)產(chan)。 4、人文(wen)(wen)歷史情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)古(gu)代曾為(wei)游(you)牧區(qu)(qu)(qu),明代中葉以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),由于(yu)戊邊、屯墾(ken)(ken),人口增(zeng)長(chang)較快耕墾(ken)(ken)日增(zeng)。晚清(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,種植業(ye)(ye)迅速擴大,畜牧業(ye)(ye)相應(ying)縮小(xiao)。馬鈴薯自十七(qi)世紀傳入中國,在(zai)(zai)原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)約有300多年(nian)(nian)的種植歷史。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其品質(zhi)優(you)良,營養成份豐富、淀粉含(han)(han)量(liang)高、薯塊均(jun)勻一(yi)致、芽眼淺等特點進入周邊地區(qu)(qu)(qu)及(ji)各大沿海城市(shi)市(shi)場,種植面積逐年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加,現(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成為(wei)原州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的支(zhi)柱產(chan)業(ye)(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)。
固原(yuan)(yuan)市原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區位于我國黃土高原(yuan)(yuan)西部,六(liu)盤山(shan)東(dong)麓,東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)環縣、鎮原(yuan)(yuan)縣;南接甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)平(ping)涼市和寧(ning)夏的(de)涇源、隆德兩(liang)縣;西與(yu)西吉、海原(yuan)(yuan)兩(liang)縣接壤;北與(yu)同心縣相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′,北緯35°34′-36°38′。面積(ji)3505.9平(ping)方公里,現有可耕地面積(ji)120666.7公頃,總生產(chan)(chan)面積(ji)20000公頃,年總生產(chan)(chan)量36萬噸。
1、外(wai)在(zai)(zai)感官(guan)特(te)征:馬(ma)鈴薯為(wei)茄科屬一(yi)年生(sheng)草(cao)本植(zhi)物。別(bie)名洋芋(yu)、土豆,生(sheng)產(chan)上一(yi)般以(yi)無(wu)(wu)性(xing)繁殖為(wei)主,但也有利用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子進行(xing)有性(xing)繁殖的(de)(de)(de)(de)。馬(ma)鈴薯用(yong)(yong)(yong)塊莖種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi),根部(bu)形(xing)態不相同(tong)。馬(ma)鈴薯按皮色分為(wei)白(bai)(bai)皮、黃皮、紅(hong)皮和(he)(he)紫(zi)皮等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);按薯塊顏色分為(wei)黃肉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)白(bai)(bai)肉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);按形(xing)狀分為(wei)圓形(xing)、橢圓、長(chang)筒和(he)(he)卵形(xing)等(deng)(deng)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)栽培上常(chang)依(yi)塊莖成(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)分為(wei)早熟(shu)、中(zhong)熟(shu)和(he)(he)晚(wan)熟(shu)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),從出苗至塊莖成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)數分別(bie)為(wei)50-70天(tian)(tian)、80-90天(tian)(tian)、100天(tian)(tian)以(yi)上。 2、內(nei)在(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質指標(biao):原州區(qu)馬(ma)鈴薯具有品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良,淀粉(fen)(fen)含(han)量高(gao)、薯塊均勻一(yi)致、芽眼淺等(deng)(deng)特(te)點(dian),營養成(cheng)份(fen)豐富,每(mei)100克產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)中(zhong)含(han)能量337千卡、蛋白(bai)(bai)質7.2克、脂肪0.5克、碳水化合物77.4克、膳(shan)食纖維(wei)1.4克、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)A 20毫(hao)克、 胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)(su)120毫(hao)克、尼克酸5.1毫(hao)克、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)(su)E(T) 0.28毫(hao)克、鈣171毫(hao)克,還(huan)含(han)有人(ren)體所需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鈉、鎂、鐵、鋅、硒等(deng)(deng)十多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su)(su),是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)飽(bao)受人(ren)們青睞的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)健食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途廣泛(fan),既可食用(yong)(yong)(yong)、飼用(yong)(yong)(yong),淀粉(fen)(fen)又是(shi)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工業原料(liao)。 3、安(an)全(quan)要求:選用(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)國農技中(zhong)心(xin)推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農藥(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。科學(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)農藥(yao)(yao),嚴格(ge)控(kong)制農藥(yao)(yao)殘留不超標(biao)和(he)(he)嚴格(ge)控(kong)制農藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)間隔期(qi)(qi)。 對本產(chan)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)采取分點(dian)、分戶(hu)抽驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法,將(jiang)被抽檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑(su)料(liao)袋包裝運送到區(qu)農科院質檢(jian)中(zhong)心(xin), 按照NY5221-2004《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 馬(ma)鈴薯》檢(jian)驗(yan)標(biao)準進行(xing)檢(jian)測。
1、產(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:選(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土壤(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)較(jiao)輕、土層深厚(hou),土壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、透性(xing)好的(de)(de)小麥、胡麻或(huo)豆茬地(di)(di)種(zhong)(zhong)植。輪作(zuo)(zuo)年限3年以(yi)上(shang),切忌連茬對(dui)茬,以(yi)免(mian)晚疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)、早疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)侵染為(wei)害。入選(xuan)(xuan)田塊(kuai)前作(zuo)(zuo)收(shou)后(hou)要(yao)適時(shi)(shi)深耕,熟(shu)化(hua)土壤(rang),白露及時(shi)(shi)收(shou)耱,冬春(chun)打碾保墑(di),為(wei)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)出苗(miao)(miao)創造良好的(de)(de)土壤(rang)條件。 2、品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇:選(xuan)(xuan)用抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)抗(kang)蟲、優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)、豐(feng)產(chan)、抗(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)強、適應當地(di)(di)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)條件、商品性(xing)好且(qie)通(tong)過(guo)省級(ji)品種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會審(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)。南部(bu)陰濕區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)寧薯(shu)(shu)8號為(wei)主(zhu),搭配種(zhong)(zhong)植中(zhong)心(xin)24號、隴薯(shu)(shu)3號、青薯(shu)(shu)168;東部(bu)丘陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)晉(jin)薯(shu)(shu)7號為(wei)主(zhu),搭配種(zhong)(zhong)植內薯(shu)(shu)7號;北部(bu)川(chuan)水區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)克新1號為(wei)主(zhu),搭配種(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)西(xi)洋、費烏(wu)瑞它。種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)質(zhi)(zhi)量應符合“GB 18133馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)脫(tuo)(tuo)毒(du)種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)”和(he)“CB 4406種(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)(shu)”的(de)(de)要(yao)求。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理(li),包括農(nong)業投(tou)入品方面的(de)(de)特(te)殊使用規定(ding): 田間(jian)(jian)管理(li):適時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong):為(wei)了保證馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夏(xia)旱來(lai)臨(lin)之前全部(bu)出苗(miao)(miao),雨季來(lai)臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)處于塊(kuai)莖膨大(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),北部(bu)川(chuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)東部(bu)丘陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4月上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),陰濕區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4月下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)、5月上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)干旱嚴(yan)重不能適時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi),可推遲播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)、搶墑(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。 鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao):全生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)一般(ban)鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao)2次(ci)(ci)以(yi)上(shang)。第一次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)齊后(hou)株高(gao)約10厘(li)米鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao),第二次(ci)(ci)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)(lei)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)合中(zhong)耕鋤(chu)草(cao)(cao),以(yi)后(hou)根(gen)據雜草(cao)(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長情況(kuang),隨時(shi)(shi)拔除(chu)大(da)(da)雜草(cao)(cao)。 培(pei)(pei)(pei)土:馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)及時(shi)(shi)查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao),并進行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)耕松土。現蕾(lei)(lei)前培(pei)(pei)(pei)土起壟,結(jie)合培(pei)(pei)(pei)土進行(xing)(xing)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),培(pei)(pei)(pei)土時(shi)(shi)先將化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于窄行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian),再在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)寬行(xing)(xing)處開溝取土,培(pei)(pei)(pei)于窄行(xing)(xing)之間(jian)(jian)。 合理(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei):依據馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)需肥(fei)(fei)(fei)較(jiao)多,喜(xi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)及對(dui)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)特(te)別敏感的(de)(de)特(te)點,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方法采(cai)用基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)合。旱地(di)(di)結(jie)合播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)前耕翻基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)45噸(dun)/公頃(qing)(qing),現蕾(lei)(lei)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)合中(zhong)耕培(pei)(pei)(pei)土追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)1次(ci)(ci),使用量為(wei)75kg/公頃(qing)(qing);水澆地(di)(di)結(jie)合播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)前整地(di)(di),每畝基(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟(shu)農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)75噸(dun)/公頃(qing)(qing),生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)結(jie)合灌水追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)2次(ci)(ci),每次(ci)(ci)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)75kg/公頃(qing)(qing)。 病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害防治(zhi): ①物理(li)防治(zhi) 普遍采(cai)用選(xuan)(xuan)用抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)、播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)前嚴(yan)格淘(tao)汰病(bing)(bing)(bing)薯(shu)(shu)、輪作(zuo)(zuo)倒茬、深耕翻曬(shai)等農(nong)業措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行(xing)(xing)預防。 ②化(hua)學藥(yao)劑防治(zhi):常見的(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害主(zhu)要(yao)有晚疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)、黑脛病(bing)(bing)(bing)、蚜蟲、 蠐(qi)螬、 螻蛄(gu)、金針蟲。 4、及時(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲:當馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)莖葉由(you)綠變黃,達到枯萎,塊(kuai)莖停止膨大(da)(da),易與植株脫(tuo)(tuo)離時(shi)(shi)達到生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)成(cheng)熟(shu),此時(shi)(shi)為(wei)收(shou)獲的(de)(de)最(zui)佳時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),即可及時(shi)(shi)收(shou)獲。收(shou)獲前一周殺(sha)秧,收(shou)獲的(de)(de)鮮薯(shu)(shu)先要(yao)充分(fen)攤晾,待(dai)薯(shu)(shu)皮木栓化(hua)后(hou)方可運輸、貯藏。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要(yao)求:真實、準確(que)記(ji)錄馬(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)(shu)從(cong)選(xuan)(xuan)地(di)(di)到收(shou)獲貯藏的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)全過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。
1、分級(ji): 一(yi)(yi)級(ji)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu):有(you)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種典型薯(shu)(shu)形,薯(shu)(shu)形一(yi)(yi)致,芽眼淺且少(shao),完(wan)整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)莖比率≥90%,表(biao)皮較光滑(hua),雜質≤1%,商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)率≥90%。 二級(ji)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu):有(you)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種特(te)征,薯(shu)(shu)形較一(yi)(yi)致,芽眼淺且較少(shao),完(wan)整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)莖比率≥85%,表(biao)皮輕度(du)粗糙,雜質≤1%,商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)率≥85%。 三(san)級(ji)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu):有(you)該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種類似特(te)征,無明(ming)顯畸形,芽眼深度(du)中等,芽眼較少(shao),完(wan)整(zheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)莖比率≥80%,表(biao)皮較粗糙,雜質≤2%,商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)薯(shu)(shu)率≥80%。 2、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):每一(yi)(yi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)件必須是同一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種、同一(yi)(yi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質、同等級(ji)的馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)(rong)器應(ying)(ying)符合(he)衛生要求(qiu),清潔干燥,無毒、無異味。保證適合(he)馬(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、運輸(shu)和儲(chu)存(cun)。 3、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:符合(he)國(guo)家規定。還應(ying)(ying)在包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)外部(bu)印刷、粘貼或(huo)吊掛(gua)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應(ying)(ying)清晰、不易脫落(luo)或(huo)褪色。商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應(ying)(ying)注明(ming)以(yi)下內(nei)容(rong)(rong): ——商(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種; ——產(chan)地、生產(chan)者名稱(cheng)、地址、商(shang)(shang)標(biao)(biao)(biao); ——包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)規格、凈重、等級(ji); ——包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日(ri)期、質檢人代號。 4、儲(chu)藏: ①適于儲(chu)藏的質量要求(qiu)