至今,全(quan)村(cun)(cun)已有羅(luo)姓村(cun)(cun)民(min)近600戶,3700余(yu)人,主要分布在羅(luo)屋(wu)(wu)一帶,并以羅(luo)屋(wu)(wu)為(wei)中軸線(xian),由(you)東往西延(yan)伸發(fa)展。屋(wu)(wu)宇多為(wei)坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),面(mian)對南(nan)邊的(de)水(shui)(shui)口,據說這是先人“依(yi)山(shan)(shan)造屋(wu)(wu),傍水(shui)(shui)結村(cun)(cun)”而成,有“背山(shan)(shan)面(mian)水(shui)(shui),負陰抱陽”之勢。四座古“風水(shui)(shui)塔”依(yi)東、南(nan)、西、北四個(ge)方向建在遠處山(shan)(shan)頂上,猶如(ru)四道(dao)屏障,緊護(hu)著密溪村(cun)(cun)。
密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)現存近百幢(chuang)大大小(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古民居,多(duo)為明清時期(qi)所建,規模宏(hong)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要有羅氏(shi)大宗(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、羅應文公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、應宗(zong)公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、石泉(quan)公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、淳夫公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、皋(gao)澤公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、密(mi)(mi)峰太公祠(ci)(ci)(ci)等十幾處(chu),一般占地面(mian)積(ji)都(dou)有三四百平方米左右(you);大小(xiao)(xiao)不一的(de)(de)(de)(de)私(si)廳、私(si)宅,則如星羅棋布(bu),眾(zhong)星拱月般地散(san)布(bu)在村內(nei)。結構多(duo)為磚(zhuan)木,也有一些祠(ci)(ci)(ci)廳全(quan)用木料(liao)構建,大部分屋(wu)頂(ding)都(dou)是兩面(mian)坡下水的(de)(de)(de)(de)歇山頂(ding)或硬山頂(ding)式,許(xu)多(duo)隔間垛(duo)墻都(dou)上瓦端(duan),突出檐外,昂(ang)首飛翹,頗有動(dong)感。據(ju)譜載(zai),密(mi)(mi)溪(xi)晚(wan)清前還(huan)曾設圩(wei)市,每逢圩(wei)日之時就人聲鼎沸(fei),商賈云集,后因戰亂而廢圩(wei)。但至今天仍可以從遺存的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩條相互貫通、繞(rao)羅屋(wu)而行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石板巷道和(he)寬大的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)圍磚(zhuan)拱門及圩(wei)街(jie)遺跡,仍可看(kan)出當年圩(wei)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)影子。
密(mi)溪古民居的(de)建筑(zhu)裝飾藝術,堪稱(cheng)一絕(jue)。如羅氏大宗祠,大門(men)(men)兩(liang)側一排明(ming)(ming)清碑刻(ke),青(qing)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)臺階兩(liang)端(duan)屹(yi)立著(zhu)一對威武的(de)大石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅,門(men)(men)檻(jian)邊一對精(jing)雕(diao)(diao)細琢(zhuo)的(de)榮鼓石(shi)(shi)(shi),高大雄偉(wei)的(de)木(mu)門(men)(men)廊上(shang)高懸金(jin)字匾額,祠堂內外的(de)木(mu)立柱(zhu)、頂棚、雀替、挑(tiao)檐和(he)斗(dou)拱上(shang)都(dou)(dou)巧(qiao)妙地裝飾有(you)多種手法雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)的(de)圖(tu)(tu)案(an),在(zai)(zai)木(mu)構件上(shang)有(you)多處(chu)(chu)層層累疊(die)伸挑(tiao)。使人贊嘆(tan)不(bu)絕(jue)的(de)是門(men)(men)廊頂部(bu)天(tian)(tian)花(hua)板(ban)上(shang)鑲嵌著(zhu)一幅由近百幅龍鳳、瑞獸和(he)花(hua)卉圖(tu)(tu)案(an)的(de)雕(diao)(diao)板(ban),均以(yi)深浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)、鏤雕(diao)(diao)等精(jing)湛工藝手法雕(diao)(diao)就(jiu),形(xing)態栩栩如生,構圖(tu)(tu)嚴謹,寓(yu)意深邃,未見(jian)雷同(tong)。祠堂內的(de)柱(zhu)梁斗(dou)拱之間保存有(you)不(bu)少繪(hui)畫,上(shang)廳天(tian)(tian)花(hua)板(ban)上(shang)又(you)鑲嵌著(zhu)兩(liang)對倒立的(de)木(mu)雕(diao)(diao)描金(jin)獅子,宛若在(zai)(zai)活蹦亂跳(tiao)。其它(ta)宗祠在(zai)(zai)裝飾藝術上(shang)既(ji)獨具風格,又(you)有(you)相似之處(chu)(chu),有(you)很(hen)多上(shang)下廳屏風、花(hua)格、門(men)(men)楣(mei)和(he)柱(zhu)礎的(de)設計及(ji)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)都(dou)(dou)很(hen)有(you)藝術性。另外,至今保存尚(shang)好(hao)的(de)兩(liang)座(zuo)明(ming)(ming)清牌(pai)坊(fang)也同(tong)樣(yang)顯示出其制作上(shang)的(de)獨具匠心。木(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)始建于明(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)順3年(nian)(nian)(1459),是奉(feng)旨為旌表賑(zhen)糧濟民的(de)羅孟穩(wen)而(er)建的(de),匾額曰(yue)“善(shan)行(xing)流芳(fang)”,它(ta)倚古巷道而(er)立,坊(fang)高6米,坊(fang)頂由數百個(ge)棱形(xing)木(mu)格交織(zhi)重疊(die)而(er)成蜂窩狀,結(jie)構復雜;上(shang)面蓋(gai)瓦,還可供行(xing)人避雨(yu)遮(zhe)陰。此(ci)類木(mu)牌(pai)坊(fang)在(zai)(zai)省內罕見(jian)。另一座(zuo)石(shi)(shi)(shi)牌(pai)坊(fang)系清乾隆13年(nian)(nian)(1748)所建,用17塊大型青(qing)條石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)石(shi)(shi)(shi)板(ban)構成三門(men)(men)洞武式(shi)的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)坊(fang),第二層匾曰(yue)“節孝”,署(shu)有(you)奉(feng)旨籌建者兵部(bu)右侍(shi)郎兼都(dou)(dou)察院右副都(dou)(dou)御使史德(de)沸等諸(zhu)官名字,坊(fang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)保留著(zhu)龍首龍尾和(he)八仙(xian)過海等浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao)圖(tu)(tu)案(an)。
密溪村古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun),雖不是皇家住宅(zhai),然而,在夕陽斜暉、乳燕紛飛(fei)的暮色中,不由使人產(chan)生(sheng)一種憑吊歷(li)史(shi)遺物的感(gan)傷和感(gan)慨。這處斑駁的古(gu)老(lao)建(jian)筑群(qun),同樣浸透著(zhu)歷(li)史(shi)變(bian)遷和世(shi)事興衰的滄桑,同樣是中華(hua)民族傳(chuan)統(tong)社(she)會(hui)和傳(chuan)統(tong)文明的一份難得(de)的見(jian)證(zheng)和瑞(rui)金市珍貴的歷(li)史(shi)遺產(chan)。
密溪村(cun)隸屬于(yu)九(jiu)堡鎮(zhen),處于(yu)市區西(xi)北(bei)(bei)約30公(gong)里處。位于(yu)九(jiu)堡鎮(zhen)東北(bei)(bei)方向12公(gong)里處。密溪村(cun)東西(xi)分別與(yu)大柏地鄉,岡面(mian)鄉接壤,北(bei)(bei)面(mian)與(yu)寧都縣交界,南(nan)臨(lin)環溪水(shui)庫及本鎮(zhen)富田(tian)、富村(cun)兩(liang)個行政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積6平方公(gong)里,有耕(geng)地1560畝,山林29800畝,有村(cun)民(min)小(xiao)組21個,境內現有630戶(hu),3120人(ren)(ren)。羅姓3100人(ren)(ren)占總(zong)(zong)人(ren)(ren)數99。4%。全村(cun)僅有4戶(hu)外姓人(ren)(ren)家,其(qi)中王姓2戶(hu),鐘姓1戶(hu),譚姓1戶(hu),2007年人(ren)(ren)均(jun)收入3200元。
密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)屋原本(ben)為王,宋二姓(xing)所(suo)居(ju)(ju),據密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)六修族譜記(ji)載。密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)始祖“念四郎(lang)”本(ben)為興(xing)國白石(shi)人,其曾祖父“真(zhen)三郎(lang)”是(shi)由寧都大(da)布遷(qian)往(wang)興(xing)國定(ding)居(ju)(ju)的。在宋高(gao)宗咸淳年間“念四郎(lang)父子”往(wang)來(lai)于瑞金(jin)、寧都經(jing)商,途經(jing)九堡密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。念四朗看到(dao)群山(shan)環(huan)繞,綠水(shui)環(huan)抱的密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)是(shi)塊居(ju)(ju)住的風水(shui)室(shi)地(di),便舉(ju)家(jia)義無返顧地(di)遷(qian)到(dao)了密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)。“密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)公見密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)山(shan)水(shui)明(ming)秀,遂家(jia)于是(shi),積功累(lei)德,保世滋(zi)大(da),代起簪纓,為瑞邑之望族。”在羅(luo)氏(shi)始祖遷(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)之時,正是(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)土(tu)著王、宋兩姓(xing)衷敗(bai)之際,到(dao)了元朝初年,二姓(xing)的田產已全(quan)部賣給羅(luo)氏(shi),至(zhi)(zhi)此,羅(luo)氏(shi)始在密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)站(zhan)穩腳(jiao)根,繁(fan)衍生息,《密(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)六修族譜》對此有較(jiao)為詳細(xi)的記(ji)載:
“密溪之地當吾祖(zu)遷(qian)時,原有王宋兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)居此,王處東(dong)境,西向今金盆形麓下田(tian)是也,宋居東(dong)北境,南向今宋屋田(tian)是也,二姓(xing)(xing)(xing)皆土著(zhu),在隋(sui)唐五代間頗稱殷(yin)富,本(ben)境數千(qian)畝之田(tian),及(ji)(ji)前后左右(you)十(shi)余(yu)里之山,皆兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之業,以(yi)本(ben)境中(zhong)小(xiao)溪為界,王業居溪之東(dong),宋業居溪之西,及(ji)(ji)宋南渡后,兩(liang)(liang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)漸衰落(luo),吾祖(zu)寓至此,因宋宅前案百步田(tian)之中(zhong)有兩(liang)(liang)阜,一直一橫,皆荊(jing)棘所(suo)叢,蛇虺所(suo)穴,吾祖(zu)于直構(gou)室,橫安墳(fen),兩(liang)(liang)戶皆中(zhong)高(gao)四下,形家表為風吹羅帶形。二姓(xing)(xing)(xing)日微,吾祖(zu)施德行(xing)仁,勤儉積累,家益以(yi)興(xing),本(ben)境田(tian)畝前后陸(lu)續歸(gui)鬻。
吾(wu)祖至元初(chu),吾(wu)祖已成(cheng)戶入籍,十(shi)里(li)長屬羅,兩姓田既賣(mai)盡(jin),復將前后十(shi)余里(li)之荒山,王(wang)姓一契賣(mai)東邊(bian),宋姓一契賣(mai)西(xi)邊(bian)……”
羅氏(shi)在密溪落腳之后(hou),其家族的發展經歷了一(yi)個頗為漫(man)長(chang)而曲(qu)折(zhe)的過程,從族譜所載人口數(shu)字的消長(chang),以及《密溪羅氏(shi)六修族譜·興(xing)替記(ji)》來(lai)看,羅氏(shi)宗族幾(ji)起(qi)幾(ji)落,數(shu)度為兵(bing)匪所劫(jie),羅氏(shi)多年的積(ji)累(lei)是(shi):“家財馨洗,人物(wu)調(diao)謝(xie)”不難想(xiang)象,羅氏(shi)宗族背后(hou)所隱含的辛酸開(kai)拓史,真可(ke)謂篳(bi)路藍縷。
念(nian)四郎攜兩(liang)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)定(ding)居密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi),兩(liang)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)明(ming)亮、明(ming)善(shan)。明(ming)善(shan)傳(chuan)至(zhi)第五(wu)代即無(wu)后人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),明(ming)亮生(sheng)有(you)兩(liang)個兒(er)子(zi)(zi),應(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、應(ying)(ying)文。自(zi)應(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),應(ying)(ying)文之(zhi)(zhi)后,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)分為(wei)(wei)東西(xi)(xi)兩(liang)房(fang),應(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)房(fang),應(ying)(ying)文為(wei)(wei)東房(fang)。雍(yong)正(zheng)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1725),東房(fang)的(de)(de)后代子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)左側建(jian)(jian)有(you)應(ying)(ying)文公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)東房(fang)鼻(bi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。雍(yong)正(zheng)八年(nian)(nian)(1730), 西(xi)(xi)房(fang)的(de)(de)后代子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)在羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)右側建(jian)(jian)立應(ying)(ying)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci),作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)房(fang)鼻(bi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)。隨(sui)著時間的(de)(de)推移(yi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)不斷(duan)增加,到光緒(xu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)六(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)時,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)男女老(lao)少人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)已達六(liu)、七千人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)“……以(yi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)大,距五(wu)修(xiu)(族(zu)(zu)譜(pu))也又六(liu)十(shi)(shi)余年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)久。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)且六(liu)七千計……。在此(ci)其間,不斷(duan)有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)從密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)徙到別處(chu),如(ru)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)到九堡(bao)鎮官倉、瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)瑞(rui)(rui)林鎮,更有(you)遠遷(qian)(qian)(qian)至(zhi)江西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)市的(de)(de)。從密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)出的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)開(kai)始還(huan)和(he)九堡(bao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)聯系較為(wei)(wei)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),慢慢地(di)(di)(di)聯系越來(lai)越少,有(you)許多則幾乎(hu)中(zhong)止了聯系。以(yi)從密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)地(di)(di)(di)市的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支為(wei)(wei)例,這支羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)前清乾隆(long)年(nian)(nian)間遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun),在《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)六(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》中(zhong)還(huan)繪有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)幅“袁州府(fu)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)縣郝家西(xi)(xi)村之(zhi)(zhi)茂遷(qian)(qian)(qian)居屋宇圖”,1995年(nian)(nian),當密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu)(zu)準(zhun)備第七次修(xiu)譜(pu)時,其編(bian)委(wei)成(cheng)員(yuan)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)振波試探性地(di)(di)(di)給江西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)市宣傳(chuan)部寫(xie)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)封信,請求查(cha)明(ming)瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)遷(qian)(qian)(qian)往(wang)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)家族(zu)(zu)情況(kuang),不久,宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)訪(fang)親(qin),查(cha)閱(yue)光緒(xu)三(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)六(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)尚(shang)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位老(lao)者在六(liu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)中(zhong)有(you)名字記載(zai)。在此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)前,宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)也曾派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多次到贛(gan)(gan)南尋(xun)找祖地(di)(di)(di)但(dan)(dan)都(dou)無(wu)果而(er)終,他們只聽(ting)祖輩(bei)們說(shuo)來(lai)自(zi)贛(gan)(gan)南,但(dan)(dan)具(ju)體在贛(gan)(gan)南什么地(di)(di)(di)方就不得(de)而(er)知了。對(dui)于(yu)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi),《密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)(shi)七修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)》還(huan)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段這樣(yang)的(de)(de)記載(zai):“江西(xi)(xi)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun),城東家人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),四面工廠(chang),電(dian)網高(gao)掛,公(gong)路(lu)鐵路(lu),日夜通車,山清水秀,地(di)(di)(di)理可(ke)佳,我(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)茂公(gong),本在瑞(rui)(rui)金(jin),乾隆(long)中(zhong)葉(xie),遷(qian)(qian)(qian)來(lai)宜春(chun)(chun)(chun),定(ding)居于(yu)此(ci),二(er)百余年(nian)(nian),生(sheng)生(sheng)繁衍(yan),子(zi)(zi)孫(sun)興盛(sheng),六(liu)十(shi)(shi)余戶,三(san)百多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),種田(tian)經商,又工又農(nong),艱(jian)苦創業(ye),大揚祖業(ye),奔小康路(lu),萬世(shi)無(wu)窮(qiong)。”
從族(zu)譜記載的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)口(kou)來看(kan),在(zai)許(xu)多(duo)代中,羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)男丁均(jun)有(you)五,六(liu)人(ren),甚至上十人(ren),但(dan)是(shi)真正(zheng)(zheng)傳有(you)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)并不(bu)多(duo),以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)例,應文(wen)生(sheng)有(you)四子,世英(ying)(ying)、富英(ying)(ying)、德英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying),只有(you)德英(ying)(ying)、本英(ying)(ying)在(zai)密(mi)溪有(you)后(hou)(hou),其它(ta)均(jun)無后(hou)(hou)人(ren),或遷(qian)居(ju)別處,德英(ying)(ying)生(sheng)有(you)三子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程(cheng)。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)穩無后(hou)(hou),或遷(qian)居(ju)別處。孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)和、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)程(cheng)在(zai)密(mi)溪有(you)后(hou)(hou)。本英(ying)(ying)生(sheng)有(you)六(liu)子,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏(min)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)恭(gong)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)寬(kuan)無后(hou)(hou),或遷(qian)居(ju)別處,孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)信、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)敏(min)、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)惠、孟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)欽在(zai)密(mi)溪有(you)后(hou)(hou)。對于這一(yi)時(shi)期(qi)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形態(tai),基本上屬于由多(duo)個核心家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)。這種家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)有(you)利于處于初級階段的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)長,家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)之(zhi)間(jian)可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)非常時(shi)期(qi)相互利用人(ren)力資源(yuan),而在(zai)村(cun)落資源(yuan)不(bu)敷供給時(shi),又有(you)一(yi)些家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)被迫遷(qian)往外地定居(ju)。 密(mi)溪羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)在(zai)分東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)后(hou)(hou)沒有(you)再開大(da)的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang),但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)人(ren)口(kou)和經濟實力發展,到較好的(de)(de)(de)清朝中葉時(shi)期(qi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)、西(xi)(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)各(ge)自的(de)(de)(de)支房(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)部又興建(jian)了(le)幾個祠(ci)堂(tang)以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)祀(si)他們的(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)先。如康熙五十六(liu)年(1718),在(zai)離羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)不(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)地方,東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)世后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)(yi)興建(jian)了(le)東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公祠(ci)以(yi)(yi)紀(ji)念東(dong)(dong)(dong)塘公。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)作為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)世東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支祖(zu)(zu)祠(ci)。雍正(zheng)(zheng)十二年(1734),西(xi)(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)九(jiu)世石泉(quan)公的(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)(yi)在(zai)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)大(da)宗祠(ci)的(de)(de)(de)左側(ce)興建(jian)了(le)石泉(quan)公祠(ci),作為(wei)(wei)第(di)九(jiu)代西(xi)(xi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)分支之(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)祠(ci)。乾隆(long)四十七(qi)年(1782)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世之(zhi)淳夫(fu)公后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)(yi)在(zai)應文(wen)公祠(ci)左側(ce)建(jian)立了(le)淳夫(fu)公祠(ci),作為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)房(fang)(fang)(fang)八(ba)世支房(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個祖(zu)(zu)祠(ci)。有(you)明一(yi)代,密(mi)溪羅(luo)(luo)(luo)氏(shi)所出(chu)人(ren)才(cai)不(bu)多(duo),在(zai)瑞金縣志記載的(de)(de)(de)僅有(you)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)汝潔,其在(zai)明成(cheng)(cheng)化年間(jian)曾(ceng)任廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)莞知(zhi)縣。
密(mi)溪(xi)羅氏發展到(dao)明(ming)末清初時,歷經(jing)數(shu)度劫難,后又數(shu)度興起,第一(yi)次大的劫難在明(ming)嘉靖(jing)未年,“比(bi)嘉靖(jing)未年,葉(xie)寇播氛。剽(piao)掠四出(chu),家財罄洗,人(ren)物凋謝。僅余(yu)屋基山(shan)崗。其門莊田產典賣殆盡,一(yi)姓錢糧正存數(shu)石(shi)。幸(xing)十(shi)世、十(shi)一(yi)世兩代祖先,奮(fen)志懨拓(tuo)。崇節儉(jian),勤稼穡,業諄書,修祀典,日漸光大。景(jing)昔田產,既盡贖回,糧石(shi)益增。”
密溪羅氏遭受第一(yi)次(ci)劫難以后(hou),經十世的一(yi)派,十一(yi)世的文派的勤奮,節儉,家(jia)族再次(ci)興旺起來(lai)。
明(ming)清鼎革之際,中華(hua)大地處于一(yi)片混亂之中,密(mi)(mi)溪所(suo)處的贛南(nan)地區也(ye)不(bu)例外(wai)。在這種大的動蕩(dang)的背景下,密(mi)(mi)溪村再次遭遇劫(jie)難(nan)。“未幾,明(ming)季鼎革,土寇猖厥,焚屋劫(jie)村,廬舍邱墟,田園荒蕪。千余丁之男女,竄伏流離,數(shu)百年之文契一(yi)日失守。抑(yi)又衰矣!”
據(ju)村(cun)中(zhong)老者羅(luo)振波(bo)介紹:在大清(qing)順(shun)治十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(1653),瑞金大柏地鄉(xiang)梟首陳其(qi)(qi)綸及其(qi)(qi)匪眾被政府官(guan)兵所追擊(ji),竄入密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun),該村(cun)的(de)一(yi)個村(cun)民(min)好(hao)心地把他們(men)帶到(dao)一(yi)個極為(wei)隱(yin)蔽的(de)村(cun)邊(bian)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong)中(zhong)躲藏(zang),官(guan)兵到(dao)村(cun)內(nei)尋(xun)而未果,不久撤離(li)。不久,那些曾經(jing)獲得過村(cun)民(min)的(de)流寇糾合其(qi)(qi)同黨,圍攻(gong)(gong)密(mi)(mi)溪村(cun),村(cun)民(min)紛紛躲進巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong)內(nei),但是流寇此(ci)時已經(jing)知道(dao)通(tong)往巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong)的(de)秘(mi)密(mi)(mi)通(tong)道(dao)。后來巖(yan)(yan)洞(dong)防線(xian)被攻(gong)(gong)破(po),村(cun)民(min)死傷一(yi)百多人(ren),抓走人(ren)質數百人(ren)。直到(dao)今天(tian),到(dao)那個叫(jiao)棺材巖(yan)(yan)下還(huan)能發現許多殘留的(de)遺骸。關于這次明末清(qing)初的(de)民(min)變在《瑞金縣志》上亦有記(ji)載(zai):“1650年(nian)僧超忠據(ju)銅缽山,陳其(qi)(qi)綸據(ju)大柏地,許勝(sheng)可聯合福建鄉(xiang)民(min)劉(liu)芳、羅(luo)承俊據(ju)羅(luo)漢巖(yan)(yan),掀(xian)起(qi)反清(qing)斗爭(zheng)浪潮。歷時五(wu)年(nian),始被清(qing)廷(ting)鎮壓下去。”“崇禎十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian),廣(guang)賊閻王總,剮(gua)刀(dao)總、番天(tian)總,豬婆總凡十(shi)(shi)余種,流動各縣村(cun)落,瑞金各村(cun)落被其(qi)(qi)沿(yan)劫。明年(nian),攻(gong)(gong)破(po)安遠及石城(cheng)諸寨”
筆者認(ren)為(wei),考察家(jia)族的(de)生(sheng)存與發展,應考慮家(jia)族所處的(de)歷史時代背景。贛南地(di)處福建、江西(xi)、湖南、廣東四省的(de)交界處,境內山巒疊嶂,自古為(wei)匪(fei)盜常出沒的(de)地(di)方。從“明(ming)(ming)洪武十(shi)八年(1385),廣寇周(zhou)三官作亂,瑞金人民逃竄,田(tian)地(di)荒(huang)蕪”至“(崇(chong)禎)十(shi)五(wu)年,廣賊閻王總(zong)(zong)(zong),剮刀總(zong)(zong)(zong),番無總(zong)(zong)(zong),豬婆總(zong)(zong)(zong)凡十(shi)余種,流劫各(ge)縣村落,瑞金各(ge)村落被其沿劫。”止瑞金共發生(sheng)了18起(qi)大(da)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)亂,其中明(ming)(ming)嘉靖年間就發生(sheng)八次大(da)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)亂。
此后(hou),經密溪羅氏十二世、十三(san)世萬派(pai)(pai)、肇(zhao)派(pai)(pai)的勵精圖治,經過幾十年的苦心經營,羅氏宗族才(cai)再度興旺(wang)起來“賴十二世、十三(san)世萬派(pai)(pai)、肇(zhao)派(pai)(pai),恢宏先業,務農濟(ji)物,合族之棟(dong)宇(yu)(yu)重新,各(ge)房之蒸嘗編立。更筑文運外閣,復新東(dong)平廟宇(yu)(yu),錢糧(liang)戶口(kou)視(shi)昔加倍。”
雍(yong)正年間(jian),清政府采取(qu)“地(di)丁(ding)(ding)合一(yi)”、“攤丁(ding)(ding)入畝”的(de)(de)(de)辦法,賦役(yi)的(de)(de)(de)重點由(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身轉移到土地(di),這(zhe)樣,封(feng)建(jian)王朝一(yi)直以來對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身的(de)(de)(de)限制得到了極大(da)的(de)(de)(de)解(jie)脫,人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)發展便日趨膨脹(zhang)。從(cong)清朝初年“國朝,原額人(ren)(ren)(ren)丁(ding)(ding)戶口(kou)二(er)千(qian)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)一(yi)丁(ding)(ding)口(kou),內優免人(ren)(ren)(ren)了五(wu)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)三丁(ding)(ding)五(wu)分(fen)。”到“嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)五(wu)年,年終冊報,實(shi)在煙戶二(er)萬七(qi)千(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)六十(shi)二(er),男大(da)丁(ding)(ding),小丁(ding)(ding),女大(da)口(kou),小口(kou),共三十(shi)二(er)萬一(yi)百(bai)(bai)四十(shi)二(er)。”在不到二(er)百(bai)(bai)年時(shi)間(jian)里(li),瑞金人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)從(cong)幾千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)發展到32萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)長如(ru)此之快,這(zhe)其中可(ke)能存(cun)在老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)數字的(de)(de)(de)隱瞞的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin),和(he)一(yi)部分(fen)是(shi)明(ming)末清初由(you)福建(jian)廣東倒(dao)遷入贛的(de)(de)(de)客家人(ren)(ren)(ren)原因(yin),但是(shi)從(cong)一(yi)個側面反映在清初至嘉(jia)慶二(er)十(shi)五(wu)年這(zhe)段時(shi)間(jian)里(li),人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)活安穩、平和(he),經(jing)濟狀況也應有所好轉。
在這種大的(de)(de)全國繁(fan)榮的(de)(de)背景之下,密溪羅(luo)氏宗族(zu)(zu)迎來(lai)了他們的(de)(de)宗族(zu)(zu)發展的(de)(de)頂峰狀態(tai)。在清初“更(geng)筑文運外(wai)閣(ge),復新東平廟宇。”從(cong)康熙三十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1696)至乾(qian)隆(long)四十七年(nian)(nian)(nian),短短的(de)(de)86年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,羅(luo)氏宗族(zu)(zu)修建了“密溪羅(luo)氏大宗祠(ci)”、“應(ying)宗公(gong)祠(ci)、應(ying)文公(gong)祠(ci)、石(shi)泉公(gong)祠(ci)、淳夫(fu)公(gong)祠(ci)、東塘公(gong)祠(ci),共六座(zuo)(zuo)祠(ci)堂。以(yi)及村子周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)四座(zuo)(zuo)風水塔(ta)”坤峰(1738),“辛峰”(1738)“巽峰”(1777),“丁峰”。
至清(qing)中葉,密(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)的(de)人口已經發展(zhan)到數千人,分(fen)為(wei)“東房(fang)”,“西房(fang)”兩大房(fang),并且為(wei)他(ta)們的(de)“開(kai)基祖”密(mi)峰公(gong)以(yi)及(ji)東,西兩房(fang)興建了祠(ci)堂,家(jia)族有了祭祀(si)和(he)儀(yi)式的(de)中心。至此,密(mi)溪(xi)羅(luo)氏(shi)的(de)宗(zong)族形態正式確立,清(qing)朝中葉所形成的(de)聚落格(ge)局與支房(fang)及(ji)亞房(fang)之(zhi)間的(de)力量對比(bi),基本上延續到現(xian)代,沒有太大的(de)變化。
《羅姓考略》
自夏禹錫土(tu)賜(si)姓,凡姓皆有所昉,吾(wu)羅本黃(huang)帝(di)顓帝(di)子(zi),曰(yue)黎,祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),融生(sheng)陸(lu)終,終子(zi)六其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)曰(yue)會一封于(yu)(yu)(yu)鄶(kuai)姓,周(zhou)初,封于(yu)(yu)(yu)羅,屬(shu)襄陽宜(yi)城,周(zhou)桓(huan)王二十(shi)一年,伐(fa)于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚,避難(nan)徒荊(jing)州枝江(jiang)(jiang),莊王八年,又(you)去枝江(jiang)(jiang)徒長沙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湘陰,東北六十(shi)里有羅城,卒(zu)并于(yu)(yu)(yu)楚避,凡散處江(jiang)(jiang)漢(han)間者(zhe),遂(sui)以羅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓也,江(jiang)(jiang)西豫章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,由漢(han)高治粟內(nei)史既(ji)改大(da)司農(nong)珠,公從(cong)灌嬰侯(hou)定其(qi)(qi)(qi)地,功德茂于(yu)(yu)(yu)民,而(er)著父曰(yue)君用,秦武陵(ling)(ling)令督(du)運官鐵(tie)溺(ni)洞庭(ting),邦人(ren)祠祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故居長沙城東,祖(zu)曰(yue)嗣(si)彝,曾祖(zu)曰(yue)宗(zong)光(guang),高祖(zu)曰(yue)茂峻,峻以前之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世次,邈君子(zi)略焉,企生(sheng)宗(zong)伯,珠公十(shi)六世孫也,初封晉著作郎(lang),后(hou)當殷仲堪鎮江(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)功曹,累遷武陵(ling)(ling)太(tai)(tai)守(shou),未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡適桓(huan)元(yuan)(yuan)攻江(jiang)(jiang)陵(ling)(ling),伸(shen)堪任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諮議參軍,已而(er)謂弟遵(zun)(zun)生(sheng)曰(yue):“殷侯(hou)仁而(er)無斷,事必無成,吾(wu)當生(sheng)死以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”迨仲堪走,時惟企生(sheng)從(cong)經家門,泣以奉養老母,囑遵(zun)(zun)生(sheng)遂(sui)履(lv)桓(huan)元(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,君子(zi)悲其(qi)(qi)(qi)昧于(yu)(yu)(yu)擇人(ren),而(er)高其(qi)(qi)(qi)臨難(nan)無茍免,推為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一門忠孝(xiao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)卓卓已,珠公流(liu)傳(chuan)至(zhi)唐未(wei),有字儀真(zhen)者(zhe),舉進士于(yu)(yu)(yu)宋太(tai)(tai)祖(zu),建隆元(yuan)(yuan)年,徙(xi)古永豐(feng)水(shui)東藤田醴泉院,數傳(chuan)至(zhi)權,徙(xi)寧都(dou)大(da)布,又(you)數傳(chuan)至(zhi)十(shi)一郎(lang),徙(xi)興國白石(shi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)曾孫念四(si)郎(lang),則由南宋末(mo)徙(xi)瑞金密溪(xi)家焉,詳譜首源流(liu)圖考(kao)大(da)傳(chuan)曰(yue):“別(bie)子(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu),繼別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)。”吾(wu)密溪(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)譜以念四(si)郎(lang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始祖(zu),禮也。